@misc{SchwitzkeBachmannNoacketal., author = {Schwitzke, Marko and Bachmann, Volkmar and Noack, Matthias and Freyer, Thomas and Launert, Benjamin}, title = {Methodische Ans{\"a}tze zum Rissmonitoring an Bauteilen durch automatisierte digitale Analyse}, series = {Bauingenieur}, volume = {85}, journal = {Bauingenieur}, number = {11}, issn = {0005-6650}, pages = {455 -- 459}, language = {de} } @misc{PasternakKrauscheLaunert, author = {Pasternak, Hartmut and Krausche, Thomas and Launert, Benjamin}, title = {Schweißen von Tr{\"a}gern mit dicken Blechen, Teil 2: Schweißen unter Baustellenbedingungen - Montagestoß und Variation der Umgebungstemperatur}, series = {Bauingenieur}, volume = {89}, journal = {Bauingenieur}, number = {12}, issn = {0005-6650}, pages = {537 -- 547}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{PasternakLaunert, author = {Pasternak, Hartmut and Launert, Benjamin}, title = {Erh{\"o}hung der Tragf{\"a}higkeit geschweißter I-Profile aus hochfestem Baustahl - Verbesserte Ans{\"a}tze zur Eigenspannungserfassung}, series = {19. DASt-Forschungskolloquium, 27.-28.Oktober 2014, Hannover}, booktitle = {19. DASt-Forschungskolloquium, 27.-28.Oktober 2014, Hannover}, publisher = {DASt}, address = {D{\"u}sseldorf}, isbn = {978-3-929371-33-8}, language = {de} } @misc{PasternakKrauscheLaunert, author = {Pasternak, Hartmut and Krausche, Thomas and Launert, Benjamin}, title = {Schweißen von Tr{\"a}gern mit dicken Blechen, Teil 1: Tr{\"a}gerfertigung unter Werksbedingungen - Planung, Herstellung und Simulation}, series = {Bauingenieur}, volume = {89}, journal = {Bauingenieur}, number = {10}, issn = {1436-4867}, pages = {395 -- 404}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{KrauscheLaunert, author = {Krausche, Thomas and Launert, Benjamin}, title = {Schweißen dicker Bleche unter Baustellenbedingungen}, series = {BTU Stahlbau-Symposium 2014, Cottbus, 2014}, booktitle = {BTU Stahlbau-Symposium 2014, Cottbus, 2014}, publisher = {BTU}, address = {Cottbus [u.a.]}, pages = {17 -- 24}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{MoradiLaunert, author = {Moradi, Milad and Launert, Benjamin}, title = {Welding induced stresses and deformation in tubes}, series = {BTU Stahlbau-Symposium 2014}, booktitle = {BTU Stahlbau-Symposium 2014}, publisher = {BTU}, address = {Cottbus [u.a.]}, pages = {91 -- 98}, language = {en} } @misc{PasternakLaunertKrausche, author = {Pasternak, Hartmut and Launert, Benjamin and Krausche, Thomas}, title = {Welding of girders with thick plates — Fabrication, measurement and simulation}, series = {Journal of Constructional Steel Research}, volume = {Vol. 115}, journal = {Journal of Constructional Steel Research}, issn = {0143-974X}, doi = {10.1016/j.jcsr.2015.08.037}, pages = {407 -- 416}, abstract = {This article presents experimental and numerical results of the fabrication of welded plate girders under workshop conditions. Main concerns are the prediction of imperfections with the aid of simulation tools and/or simplified engineering models. Their impact on the component design is evaluated in a case study. Special focus is put on the effect of residual welding stress. For this, different simplified distributions are compared with results from welding simulation. The findings confirm the thesis that present recommendations on the implementation of weld-induced imperfections must be rated conservative. This suggests that it is necessary to establish new models. Guidance on future problems in this context will be given.}, language = {en} } @book{NitschkePagelKlassenPasternaketal., author = {Nitschke-Pagel, Thomas and Klassen, Jakob and Pasternak, Hartmut and Launert, Benjamin and Krausche, Thomas}, title = {P 858 - Schweißen dicker Bleche unter Baustellenbedingungen - Beurteilung des Einflusses auf das Tragverhalten von Montagest{\"o}ßen}, publisher = {Verlag und Vertriebsgesellschaft mbH}, address = {D{\"u}sseldorf}, isbn = {978-3-942541-69-5}, abstract = {Beim Aufbau großer Stahlstrukturen im Br{\"u}cken- oder Stahlhochbau wird heute vermehrt auf modulare Fabrikfertigung gesetzt. Ein F{\"u}gen dieser Module auf der Baustelle zu einer Gesamtstruktur ist aber weiterhin notwendig. Als F{\"u}geverfahren wird hier h{\"a}ufig das MAG-Mehrlagenschweißen eingesetzt. Gerade an dicken Blechen stellen Baustellenschweißungen nicht nur besondere Anforderungen an den ausf{\"u}hrenden Betrieb, die Bauleitung und Bau{\"u}berwachung, sondern auch an den Konstrukteur. Wichtig f{\"u}r den Konstrukteur ist die Kenntnis der sich durch Schweißungen einstellenden Schrumpfung der Bauteile, der auftretenden Verz{\"u}ge und Eigenspannungen. Gerade bei Baustellenschweißungen m{\"u}ssen diese Aspekte in der Konstruktionsphase der Einzelkomponenten mit ber{\"u}cksichtigt werden, um die erforderlichen Toleranzen bei der Montage einzuhalten. Eine genaue Kenntnis der durch Schweißungen verursachten Ph{\"a}nomene ist in den Konstruktions- und Montagebetrieben oft nur aus mehrj{\"a}hrigen Erfahrungen vorhanden. Ein grundlegendes, vollst{\"a}ndiges Bild der Abl{\"a}ufe beim Schweißen auf der Baustelle, das es erm{\"o}glicht, dieses Wissen auf neue Konstruktionen zu {\"u}bertragen, fehlt bisher. Insbesondere f{\"u}r die immer {\"o}fter im Br{\"u}cken- und Stahlhochbau eingesetzten h{\"o}herfesten Feinkornbaust{\"a}hle (z.B. S460) ist die Kenntnis des Verhaltens bei Baustellenschweißungen notwendig. Hier setzt der Forschungsantrag an. Mit Hilfe der Schweißsimulation k{\"o}nnen die Auswirkungen von Schweißn{\"a}hten, wie die Entstehung von Verz{\"u}gen und Eigenspannungen am Bauteil, global dargestellt werden. Eine anschließende Struktursimulationen (Festigkeits- und Steifigkeitsberechnungen) mit aus der Schweißsimulation integrierten Ergebnissen bildet die Basis f{\"u}r erg{\"a}nzende Untersuchungen. Montagest{\"o}ße sind außerdem durch Verschmutzung und Witterung negativ beeinflusst. Die Montage kann beispielsweise bei niedrigen Temperaturen unterhalb des Gefrierpunkts durchgef{\"u}hrt werden m{\"u}ssen. Diese Situation wurde in einer Klimakammer simuliert und die Auswirkungen der Umgebungstemperatur bei der Montage auf das Tragverhalten der Verbindung untersucht. F{\"u}r die im Rahmen des Vorhabens untersuchten F{\"a}lle ist kein Einfluss variierender Umgebungstemperaturen bis -10 °C auf die resultierenden Schweißeigenspannungen festzustellen. Der Vergleich von Verzug und Eigenspannung gegen{\"u}ber normativ vorgegeben Toleranzwerten sowie vereinfachten Ingenieurmodellen f{\"u}r die Approximation des Eigenspannungsverlaufs zeigt große Defizite. Bei realit{\"a}tsnaher Implementierung der Eigenspannungen in die Traglastberechnung k{\"o}nnen z.T. große Reserven im Rahmen der nichtlinearen Traglastberechnung ausgenutzt werden.}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{LaunertRhodePasternaketal., author = {Launert, Benjamin and Rhode, Michael and Pasternak, Hartmut and Kannengießer, Thomas}, title = {Welding residual stresses in high-strength steel. Experimental results}, series = {The International Colloquium on Stability and Ductility of Steel Structures}, booktitle = {The International Colloquium on Stability and Ductility of Steel Structures}, editor = {Dubina, Dan and Ungureanu, Viorel}, edition = {2016 edition}, publisher = {Ernst \& Sohn}, isbn = {978-92-9147-133-1}, pages = {517 -- 524}, abstract = {This article presents the latest results of an ongoing national research project on improved models for the prediction of welding residual stresses of thick-plated welded I-girders. The experimental program is presented and the importance of different influencing factors on the residual stresses is discussed in detail. All results are compared for mild (S355J2+N) and high strength (S690QL) steel. Finally, conclusions for further works are drawn.}, language = {en} } @misc{LaunertRhodeKrommetal., author = {Launert, Benjamin and Rhode, Michael and Kromm, Arne and Pasternak, Hartmut and Kannengießer, Thomas}, title = {Measurement and numerical modeling of residual stresses in welded HSLA component-like I-girders}, series = {Welding in the World}, volume = {61}, journal = {Welding in the World}, number = {2}, issn = {0043-2288}, doi = {10.1007/s40194-016-0413-x}, pages = {223 -- 229}, abstract = {The present contribution shows the residual stress results obtained from experiments with the sectioning method in comparison to global (structural) welding simulation models on component-like (i.e., large scale) I-girders made of structural steel grades S355 and S690QL. Plates were welded by conventional gas metal arc welding using two different heat inputs. In addition, the base material was assumed to be approximately stress-free. Based on these results, conclusions and recommendations for the design of welded I-girders are drawn.}, language = {en} } @misc{LaunertSzczerbaGajewskietal., author = {Launert, Benjamin and Szczerba, Radosław and Gajewski, Marcin and Rhode, Michael and Pasternak, Hartmut and Giżejowski, Marian}, title = {The buckling resistance of welded plate girders taking into account the influence of post-welding imperfections - Part 1: Parameter study}, series = {Materials Testing}, volume = {59}, journal = {Materials Testing}, number = {1}, issn = {0025-5300}, doi = {10.3139/120.110964}, pages = {47 -- 56}, abstract = {Welding is the most important joining technique and offers the advantage of customizable plate thicknesses. On the other hand, welding causes residual stresses and deformations influencing the load carrying capacity. Their consideration in the design requires simple and fast models. Though welding simulation has contributed to accurately access to these values nowadays, their application to large components remains still in a less practicable range. Nevertheless, many studies emphasized the need to make corrections in recently available simplified models. Especially the influence of residual stresses seems somewhat overestimated in many cases if comparing conventional structural steel S355 and high-strength steel S690. In times of computer-aided design, an improved procedure to implement weld-inducted imperfections appears overdue. This will be presented in two parts. The first part illustrates the potential influence of post-welding imperfections exemplified for weak axis buckling in comparison with the general method in accordance with Eurocode 3. Residual stresses and initial crookedness were varied systematically in order to produce a scatter band of capacities. An approach to characterize the borders of these imperfections was undertaken before that. The excessive scattering of reduction factors for the load bearing capacity demonstrates the importance of these variables. Results were finally evaluated against advanced simulation models which will be further detailed in part two of this contribution.}, language = {en} } @misc{PasternakLaunertKannengiesseretal., author = {Pasternak, Hartmut and Launert, Benjamin and Kannengießer, Thomas and Rhode, Michael}, title = {Advanced Residual Stress Assessment of Plate Girders Through Welding Simulation}, series = {Procedia Engineering}, volume = {172}, journal = {Procedia Engineering}, issn = {1877-7058}, doi = {10.1016/j.proeng.2017.02.013}, pages = {23 -- 30}, abstract = {This article provides an impression on potentials in applying nowadays welding simulation tools in construction design. This is carried out exemplary on plate girders from two structural steel grades. The calculated residual stresses are compared with measurements by sectioning method. It has been repeatedly stated that present Eurocode models fail to approximate the residual stresses. Especially for high strength steel (HSS) only limited information is available on realistic occurring residual stresses in typical I-girders. The investigations are aimed to give further guidance on these values. A few proposals on advanced models are discussed.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{KrauscheLaunertPasternak, author = {Krausche, Thomas and Launert, Benjamin and Pasternak, Hartmut}, title = {Welding effects in unregularly steel box girders}, series = {6th Structural Engineers World Congress (SEWC 2017), Cancun/Mexico}, booktitle = {6th Structural Engineers World Congress (SEWC 2017), Cancun/Mexico}, publisher = {Universidad Nacional Aut{\´o}noma de M{\´e}xico - UNAM}, pages = {6}, abstract = {Several approaches on geometrical and structural imperfections are given in the literature for I sections and rectangular box girders. Those approximations of the residuals stress state can be implemented into the structural analysis using multi-purpose FEM program packages. The knowledge of the stress state of free forming cross sections has still to be determined. To fulfil a safe design, the assumptions mostly will be very conservative due to the lack of the assumed stress state. This will result directly to increased thicknesses or additional stiffening of the plates. Not only the material cost will rise, but also the fabrication costs like welding will be affected. This paper aims to provide an overview on the possibilities in the numerical prediction of weld residual stresses and weld induced deformations for cross sections with unique shapes. With the obtained values the tendencies of the residual stress state and deformations will be used to optimize the design. A representative example on a section used in a steel compression ring of a realized roof is described and analyzed using a simplification of a numerical welding simulation. The reduced simulation of the originally transient weld procedure was held to a practically reasonable level and can be reproduced for similar problems. The calculations used the Abaqus Welding Interface (AWI) to automate working steps in conjunction with the definition of weld passes and their sequencing. The field of the method that is discussed also a need of further investigations to prove its applicability. Some experimental back up is requires to verify the result quality. Nonetheless, this method could already help to show up tendencies or to identify potential critical spots in the design.}, language = {en} } @misc{GarifullinLaunertHeinisuoetal., author = {Garifullin, Marsel and Launert, Benjamin and Heinisuo, Markku and Pasternak, Hartmut and Mela, Kristo and Pajunen, Sami}, title = {Effect of welding residual stresses on local behavior of rectangular hollow section joints. Part 1 - Development of numerical model}, series = {Bauingenieur}, volume = {93}, journal = {Bauingenieur}, number = {4}, issn = {1436-4867}, pages = {152 -- 159}, abstract = {Welded tubular joints are widely used in structural engineering due to their excellent resistance and stiffness in contrast to open sections, as well as simpler end preparation. Welding residual stresses that occur in these joints after the welding process can affect their structural behavior. Some recent experimental studies have shown that this effect can be considerable. This study numerically evaluates the influence of welding residual stresses on the behavior of rectangular hollow section T joints. The paper consists of two parts. Part I develops and validates a finite element model for the joints directly taking into account welding residual stresses by means of an upstream thermomechanical simulation of the welding process. It is proven that particular attention needs to be paid to the discretization of the model, the material properties and the adequate description of the weld heat input. The validation with experimental results shows that the developed numerical model properly captures the local structural behavior of tubular joints and can be efficiently used for further investigations. Part II employs the constructed model to investigate the effect of welding residual stresses on the resistance and initial stiffness of the considered joints.}, language = {en} } @techreport{LaunertPasternakRhodeetal., author = {Launert, Benjamin and Pasternak, Hartmut and Rhode, Michael and Kromm, Arne and Kannengießer, Thomas}, title = {Erh{\"o}hung der Tragf{\"a}higkeit geschweißter I-Tr{\"a}ger aus hochfestem Baustahl durch verbesserte Ans{\"a}tze zur Ber{\"u}cksichtigung von Eigenspannungen}, pages = {4}, language = {de} } @misc{LaunertPasternak, author = {Launert, Benjamin and Pasternak, Hartmut}, title = {Weld residual stresses effects in the design of welded plate girders: Simulation and Implementation}, series = {Ce/papers}, volume = {1}, journal = {Ce/papers}, number = {2-3}, issn = {2509-7075}, doi = {10.1002/cepa.144}, pages = {1039 -- 1047}, abstract = {Eurocode 3 offers different possibilities on a numerically-aided design of welded plate girders. In this, a geometrically and materially nonlinear analysis of the imperfect structure (GMNIA) provides the theoretically highest possible degree of realism. A correct implementation of "imperfections" is of critical importance in the practical application of this method. The current design rules are based on long term experience in terms of traditional ("old") welding procedures and regular ("low strength") steel grades. Thus, they provide very approximate (but safe) rules for these structures. With the introduction of modern shop welding operations and materials, many of these assumptions seem to be over-conservative. A revision of these rules is being processed in different national and international research projects. This particular study focusses on the weld residual stresses and their effects in conventional steel S355 and high strength steel S690. Metal active gas (MAG) welding under shop welding conditions was used. The measurement of weld residual stresses on component-like samples (carried out by the BAM Bundesanstalt f{\"u}r Materialforschung und -pr{\"u}fung in Berlin) has been widely published. The hereupon based (simplified) welding simulation as part of a subsequent structural analysis is shown here. A novel numerical approach how to directly incorporate the results into large structural components models is presented. The capacity analysis is performed on a simple example for weak-axis buckling. The results indicate significant improvements in the utilization of load-bearing capacity and underline the superior buckling assignment for the S690 compared to conventional S355. The experimental validation of the findings is currently being prepared.}, language = {en} } @misc{KrauscheLaunertPasternak, author = {Krausche, Thomas and Launert, Benjamin and Pasternak, Hartmut}, title = {A study on the prediction of welding effects in steel box girders}, series = {Ce/papers}, volume = {1}, journal = {Ce/papers}, number = {2-3}, issn = {2509-7075}, doi = {10.1002/cepa.500}, pages = {4410 -- 4416}, abstract = {For standard sections including I-girders and rectangular box girders, several approaches on geometrical and structural imperfections are given in the literature, which can be implemented in a numerical analysis. For complex sections, as found in many of today's lightweight roof structures, these assumptions are conservative due to the sections typically unique shape, which leads to increased thicknesses or additional stiffening of the plates. This, on the other hand, can significantly affect fabrication costs. This paper aims to provide an overview on the possibilities in the numerical prediction of weld residual stresses and weld-induced deformations for these sections. The obtained values can be used in a subsequent numerical analysis to understand the structural behavior and optimize the design. A representative example on a section used in a steel compression ring is described and analyzed using the numerical welding simulation. A simplification of the originally transient weld procedure is used in order to reduce computation times to a practically reasonable level. In this context, the Abaqus Welding Interface (AWI) helps to automate working steps in conjunction with the definition of weld passes and their sequencing, which shall be shown in here. The applicability of this method is discussed showing also a need of further investigations in this field. This is especially with regard to result quality, which requires some experimental back-up. Nonetheless, this method could already help to show up tendencies or to identify potential critical spots in the design.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{StapelfeldLaunertPasternaketal., author = {Stapelfeld, Christoph and Launert, Benjamin and Pasternak, Hartmut and Doynov, Nikolay and Michailov, Vesselin}, title = {Numerische Festigkeitsberechnung einer versteiften Struktur unter Ber{\"u}cksichtigung realit{\"a}tsnaher geometrischer und struktureller Imperfektionen}, series = {110 Jahre DASt und 21. DASt-Forschungskolloquium an der Technischen Universit{\"a}t Kaiserslautern, 6./7. M{\"a}rz 2018}, booktitle = {110 Jahre DASt und 21. DASt-Forschungskolloquium an der Technischen Universit{\"a}t Kaiserslautern, 6./7. M{\"a}rz 2018}, publisher = {Deutscher Ausschuß f{\"u}r Stahlbau DASt}, address = {D{\"u}sseldorf}, isbn = {978-3-941687-27-1}, pages = {245 -- 249}, abstract = {Die Festigkeitsberechnung von Strukturen, zum Beispiel Platten oder Schalen, mittels der Finite-Elemente-Methode geh{\"o}rt schon seit l{\"a}ngerem zum Stand der Technik. Ber{\"u}cksichtigt werden bei der Berechnung sowohl geometrische Nichtlinearit{\"a}ten als auch das nichtlineare Verhalten des Werkstoffs. Die geometrischen und strukturellen Imperfektionen werden bei der Ermittlung der Festigkeit zumeist in ausschließlich geometrischen Imperfektionen, wie bspw. Kombinationen aus Fertigungstoleranzen und den Ergebnissen von Beulanalysen zusammengefasst. Zur Rechtfertigung dieser Vorgehensweise werden die geometrischen Imperfektionen gem{\"a}ß DIN EN 1993-1-5 erh{\"o}ht. In einem Kommentar zur selben Norm findet sich ebenfalls eine Empfehlung zur Ber{\"u}cksichtigung von Schweißimperfektionen in Form von vereinfachten L{\"a}ngseigenspannungsverl{\"a}ufen. Diese werden in Abh{\"a}ngigkeit der Fließgrenzspannung des Werkstoffs bei Raumtemperatur und der Dicken der F{\"u}gepartner angenommen. Sowohl die Annahme rein geometrischer Imperfektionen als auch die Ber{\"u}cksichtigung vereinfachter Eigenspannungszust{\"a}nde, sind mit Sicherheitszuschl{\"a}gen behaftet. Durch eine realit{\"a}tsn{\"a}here Ber{\"u}cksichtigung von strukturellen und geometrischen Imperfektionen, hervorgerufen durch Schweißprozesse, kann die tats{\"a}chliche Tragf{\"a}higkeit einer Struktur wesentlich exakter bestimmt werden. Inhalt dieses Artikels ist die Anwendung eines analytisch-numerischen Hybridmodells zur Schweißimperfektionsberechnung an einer doppelt versteiften Platte und einer anschließenden Festigkeitsanalyse. Eingangs wird das analytische Modell vorgestellt und auf die grundlegenden physikalischen Zusammenh{\"a}nge eingegangen. Es folgt die Erl{\"a}uterung des Kopplungsalgorithmus zwischen analytischem Modell und der numerischen Berechnung. Angewendet an der doppelt versteiften Platte, wird ein realit{\"a}tsnaher geometrischer und struktureller Imperfektionszustand berechnet. Eine anschließende Traglastanalyse gibt Aufschluss {\"u}ber das Verformungsverhalten unter achsialer Krafteinwirkung. Zur Bewertung der Ergebnisse wird ein Modell gleicher geometrischer Abmessungen und Werkstoffkennwerte aus der Literatur herangezogen. Berechnet wurden die ersten 6 Eigenformen mittels analytischer und numerischer Modelle sowie die Last-Verformungskurven unter der Annahme unterschiedlicher geometrischer Imperfektionen. Um die Vergleichbarkeit der Ergebnisse zu sichern, wird eingangs die Lagerung des Modells sowie der Kraftangriffspunkt in L{\"a}ngsrichtung invers, durch den Vergleich der ersten 6 Beulformen sowie der Last-Verformungskurven dreier Imperfektionen, bestimmt. Darauf aufbauen wird die Last-Verformungskurve f{\"u}r einen {\"u}berlagerten Imperfektionszustand berechnet, wobei die geometrischen Imperfektionen aus den Fertigungstoleranzen abgeleitet und die strukturellen idealisiert, gem{\"a}ß DIN EN 1993-1-5, gew{\"a}hlt werden. Abschließend werden alle Last-Verformungskurven einander gegen{\"u}bergestellt. Anhand des Vergleichs kann quantifiziert werden, wie konservativ die einzelnen angenommenen Imperfektionen sind und wie sich der Verformungsverlauf darstellt, berechnet man diesen unter Verwendung realit{\"a}tsnaher geometrischer und struktureller Imperfektionen.}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{RagotzkyLaunertKrausche, author = {Ragotzky, Birgit and Launert, Benjamin and Krausche, Thomas}, title = {Welding simulation for the calculation of the welding residual stresses in welded I-girders}, series = {Proceedings of the METNET Seminar 2017 in Cottbus}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the METNET Seminar 2017 in Cottbus}, editor = {Virdi, Kuldeep and Tenhunen, Lauri}, publisher = {H{\"a}me University of Applied Sciences (HAMK)}, address = {H{\"a}meenlinna, Finland}, isbn = {978-951-784-794-0}, pages = {56 -- 68}, language = {en} } @misc{GarifullinLaunertHeinisuoetal., author = {Garifullin, Marsel and Launert, Benjamin and Heinisuo, Markku and Pasternak, Hartmut and Mela, Kristo and Pajunen, Sami}, title = {Effect of welding residual stresses on local behavior of rectangular hollow section joints. Part 2 - Parametric studies}, series = {Bauingenieur}, volume = {93}, journal = {Bauingenieur}, number = {5}, issn = {1436-4867}, pages = {207 -- 213}, abstract = {Welding residual stresses that occur in tubular joints after the welding process affect their structural behavior. To ensure that these stresses do not negatively act on the load-bearing capacity of joints, their influence should be carefully investigated. This paper represents the second part of a study that numerically evaluates the structural behavior of rectangular hollow section T joints taking into account welding residual stresses. The finite element model developed in Part 1 is now used to evaluate their effect on the resistance and initial stiffness of tubular joints. The conducted parametric analyses show that welding residual stresses have a positive influence of 1-19 \% on the plastic resistance of tubular joints and insignificantly reduce their initial stiffness. At the same time, the behavior of the considered joints is found not to depend on the welding sequence.}, language = {en} }