@misc{AlMaskariIbrahim, author = {Al-Maskari, Sultan and Ibrahim, Bachar}, title = {Integrated water-energy-food system for rural climate adaptation : the Green Village Model in Oman}, series = {Climate}, volume = {13}, journal = {Climate}, number = {9}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, issn = {2225-1154}, doi = {10.3390/cli13090195}, pages = {1 -- 17}, abstract = {Rural communities in arid regions face linked challenges of water scarcity, energy insecurity, and climate stress. This study develops a pilot-scale "Green Village" model for Dar Al-Sawda, Oman, integrating agrivoltaic solar generation with natural wastewater treatment and agroforestry to enhance resilience. We used a mixed-methods design: semi-structured interviews with residents and experts informed the system requirements, and PVsyst simulations and field monitoring quantified expected performance. The integrated design comprises two 15 m3 ReedBox® natural wastewater treatment units and a 75 kWp agrivoltaic array above olive orchards. The treatment system processes 26 m3 day-1 for irrigation reuse, while the solar plant is estimated to generate 147,700 kWh per year. Performance ratio (PR) results are reported explicitly: monthly PR simulated for 2024 ranged from 0.70 to 0.81 (mean 0.77), while the annual PR estimated by PVsyst under a clean-panel case was 0.85 (85\%). The modeled energy supply covers the treatment units and essential community loads, reducing diesel use and reliance on trucked water. For approximately 120 residents, the Green Village concept improves water security, clean energy access, and local food production, helping to counter rural out-migration. The results demonstrate the feasibility and advantages of an integrated water-energy-food approach and offer a scalable blueprint for sustainable development in Oman and comparable arid settings.}, language = {en} }