@inproceedings{HoehnischKuehhornBeirow, author = {H{\"o}hnisch, Peter and K{\"u}hhorn, Arnold and Beirow, Bernd}, title = {Experimental and Numerical Analysis of Radial Turbine Bliks with Regard to Mistuning}, language = {en} } @misc{HeinrichKuehhornSteffetal., author = {Heinrich, Christoph Rocky and K{\"u}hhorn, Arnold and Steff, Klaus and Petry, Nico}, title = {Generalized Model for the Approximation of Coupled Acousto-Mechanical Natural Frequencies in High-Pressure Centrifugal Compressors}, series = {Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power}, journal = {Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power}, issn = {1528-8919}, doi = {10.1115/1.4049447}, pages = {27}, abstract = {The oil and gas, chemical, and process industries employ centrifugal compressors for a wide range of applications. Due to this, the conditions under which centrifugal compressors have to operate, vary significantly from case to case. Gas pipeline compressors, for example, may feature discharge pressures well over 100 bar. During the last decades, comprehensive research was conducted on the impact of high pressure operating conditions on the vibrational behavior of centrifugal compressors. Nowadays, it is well-known that an increase in gas pressure levels leads to a more pronounced interaction between the side cavities and the impeller, which results in a frequency shift of the acoustic and structural modes. For the safe operation of compressors, it is necessary to predict these coupled natural frequencies accurately. The state-of-the-art approach to achieve this objective is the finite element method. While this technique provides high-quality results, it incurs high computational costs and is, therefore, time-consuming. The authors of the current paper propose a generalized model to overcome this challenge. It uses the uncoupled modes of the impeller and side cavities in a modal superposition to approximate the coupled system's natural frequencies. In this way, the intended design geometries are considered while reducing the computational effort significantly. In a numerical study, the generalized model is applied to different systems of increasing complexity, and the results are compared to a finite element analysis. Finally, the paper concludes with a discussion of the limitations and benefits of all employed numerical methods.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{KuehhornBeirowStrehlau, author = {K{\"u}hhorn, Arnold and Beirow, Bernd and Strehlau, Ulrik}, title = {Zum Schwingungsverhalten integraler Hochdruckverdichterlaufr{\"a}der}, language = {de} } @misc{GambittaKuehhornBeirowetal., author = {Gambitta, Marco and K{\"u}hhorn, Arnold and Beirow, Bernd and Schrape, Sven}, title = {Stator Blades Manufacturing Geometrical Variability in Axial Compressors and Impact on the Aeroelastic Excitation Forces}, series = {Journal of Turbomachinery}, volume = {144}, journal = {Journal of Turbomachinery}, issn = {1528-8900}, doi = {10.1115/1.4052602}, pages = {10}, abstract = {The manufacturing geometrical variability is a source of uncertainty, which cannot be avoided in the realization of machinery components. Deviations of a part geometry from its nominal design are inevitably present due to the manufacturing process. In the case of the aeroelastic forced response problem within axial compressors, these uncertainties may affect the vibration characteristics. For this reason, the impact of geometrical uncertainties due to the manufacturing process onto the modal forcing of axial compressor blades is investigated in this study. The research focuses on the vibrational behavior of an axial compressor rotor blisk. In particular, the amplitude of the forces acting as a source of excitation on the vibrating blades is studied. The geometrical variability of the upstream stator is investigated as input uncertainty. The variability is modeled starting from a series of optical surface scans. A stochastic model is created to represent the measured manufacturing geometrical deviations from the nominal model. A data reduction methodology is proposed in order to represent the uncertainty with a minimal set of variables. The manufacturing geometrical variability model allows to represent the input uncertainty and probabilistically evaluate its impact on the aeroelastic problem. An uncertainty quantification is performed in order to evaluate the resulting variability on the modal forcing acting on the vibrating rotor blades. Of particular interest is the possible rise of low engine orders due to the mistuned flow field along the annulus. A reconstruction algorithm allows the representation of the variability during one rotor revolution. The uncertainty on low harmonics of the modal rotor forcing can be therefore identified and quantified.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{SpringmannKuehhornRaueretal., author = {Springmann, Marcel and K{\"u}hhorn, Arnold and Rauer, Georg and Giersch, Thomas}, title = {Constitutive Modelling of Plastic and Creep Behavior of the Nickel Base Superalloy ALLVAC® 718PLUS® under Heat Treatment Conditions}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HoenischKuehhorn, author = {H{\"o}nisch, Peter and K{\"u}hhorn, Arnold}, title = {Mistuning und D{\"a}mpfung von Radialturbinen}, language = {de} } @misc{HanschkeKuehhornSchrapeetal., author = {Hanschke, Benjamin and K{\"u}hhorn, Arnold and Schrape, Sven and Giersch, Thomas}, title = {Consequences of Borescope Blending Repairs on Modern HPC Blisk Aeroelasticity}, series = {Journal of Turbomachinery}, volume = {141}, journal = {Journal of Turbomachinery}, number = {2}, issn = {1528-8900}, doi = {10.1115/1.4041672}, pages = {7}, abstract = {Objective of this paper is to analyze the consequences of borescope blending repairs on the aeroelastic behavior of a modern high pressure compressor (HPC) blisk. To investigate the blending consequences in terms of aerodynamic damping and forcing changes, a generic blending of a rotor blade is modeled. Steady-state flow parameters like total pressure ratio, polytropic efficiency, and the loss coefficient are compared. Furthermore, aerodynamic damping is computed utilizing the aerodynamic influence coefficient (AIC) approach for both geometries. Results are confirmed by single passage flutter (SPF) simulations for specific interblade phase angles (IBPA) of interest. Finally, a unidirectional forced response analysis for the nominal and the blended rotor is conducted to determine the aerodynamic force exciting the blade motion. The frequency content as well as the forcing amplitudes is obtained from Fourier transformation of the forcing signal. As a result of the present analysis, the change of the blade vibration amplitude is computed.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{KuehhornBeirowParchemetal., author = {K{\"u}hhorn, Arnold and Beirow, Bernd and Parchem, Roland and Klauke, Thomas}, title = {Schaufelschwingungen bei realen Verdichter-Integralr{\"a}dern (BLISK)}, series = {Deutscher Luft- und Raumfahrtkongress 2006, Braunschweig, 06. bis 09. November 2006, Bd. 2}, booktitle = {Deutscher Luft- und Raumfahrtkongress 2006, Braunschweig, 06. bis 09. November 2006, Bd. 2}, publisher = {Dt. Ges. f{\"u}r Luft- und Raumfahrt}, address = {Bonn}, pages = {1199 -- 1208}, language = {de} } @misc{GambittaKuehhornBeirowetal., author = {Gambitta, Marco and K{\"u}hhorn, Arnold and Beirow, Bernd and Schrape, Sven}, title = {Stator Blades Manufacturing Geometrical Variability in Axial Compressors and Impact on the Aeroelastic Excitation Forces}, series = {Proceedings of ASME Turbo Expo 2021, ASME Paper Number: GT2021-59642}, journal = {Proceedings of ASME Turbo Expo 2021, ASME Paper Number: GT2021-59642}, abstract = {The manufacturing geometrical variability is a source of uncertainty, which cannot be avoided in the realization of a machinery. Deviations of a component geometry from its nominal design are inevitably present due to the manufacturing process. In the case of the aeroelastic forced response problem within axial compressors, these uncertainties may affect the vibration characteristics. For this reason, the impact of geometrical uncertainties due to the manufacturing process onto the modal forcing of axial compressor blades is investigated in this study. The research focuses on the vibrational behavior of an axial compressor rotor blisk (blade-integrated disk) and in particular the amplitude of the forces acting as source of excitation on the vibrating blades (modal forcing). Within this context, the geometry of the upstream stator plays an important role as in general the main harmonics of the rotor excitation forces are produced by its wake. Therefore, small variations of the upstream stators geometries, such as the ones caused by the manufacturing process, may affect the resulting forcing. In particular, the geometrical variability of the upstream stator implies that the hypothesis of a cyclic-symmetrical flow is no longer valid. This may cause the introduction of lower harmonic components in the modal forces, generally referred to as Low Engine Orders (LEO). The geometrical variability is modelled starting from a series of optical surface scans. A set of optical measurements of manufactured stator blades originating from the same nominal design constitutes the baseline dataset on which the geometrical model is built. The measured blades as well as the relative nominal geometry are parametrized to describe the individual blades surfaces. The parameterization is accomplished by slicing the surfaces in radial sections and describing each of these with a set of NACA-like parameters [1]. The measured geometrical deviations from the nominal model can therefore be described as an offset of such parameters. A reduced representation of the variables representing the input uncertainty (noise variables) is obtained via Principal Components Analysis. Afterwards a sampling on the reduced noise variables domain can be done to represent the modelled uncertainty and perform an Uncertainty Quantification (UQ) on the relative quantities of interest, in this case the modal forcing. The computation of the modal forcing is done through a CFD solver, computing the unsteady flow field around the rotor blades. The domain considered in this case is a 1.5 stage of the axial compressor, including the rotor and the up- and down-stream stators. The solutions are initialized from a validated steady state solution of the considered compressor rig. The time-dependent pressure field calculated on the rotor blades is projected onto the relative vibrational mode shapes of interests (from structural modal analyzes). The resulting forces are analyzed by means of their spectrum, evaluating the amplitudes for the present engine orders (higher harmonics of the shaft mechanical speed). The UQ uses Monte Carlo methods to evaluate the impact of the geometrical variability onto the modal forcing. The modelled uncertainty on the geometries is introduced into the CFD solver to compute the deviations on the quantities of interest. A reconstruction of the forces acting on the rotor during one revolution is obtained. This allows to evaluate the uncertainty on the present engine orders as well as the possible rise of LEO for the rotor blades in presence of a mistuned upstream stator. [1]: Lange A., Vogeler K., G{\"u}mmer V., Schrapp H. and Clemen C. (2009). "Introduction of a Parameter Based Compressor Blade Model for Considering Measured Geometry Uncertainties in Numerical Simulation." Proceedings of ASME Turbo Expo. GT2009-59937}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{NipkauKuehhornSchrape, author = {Nipkau, Jens and K{\"u}hhorn, Arnold and Schrape, S.}, title = {Determination of Aeroelastic Parameters of a High-Pressure-Compressor Stage using Fluid-Structure Interaction Calculations}, series = {Seminar: Simulation of Complex Flows (CFD), applications and trends, 10th - 11th March 2008, Wiesbaden, Germany}, booktitle = {Seminar: Simulation of Complex Flows (CFD), applications and trends, 10th - 11th March 2008, Wiesbaden, Germany}, publisher = {NAFEMS Contact DACH \& Nordic Countries}, address = {Bernau am Chiemsee}, isbn = {978-1-87437-633-0}, language = {en} } @misc{NaveedKuehhorn, author = {Naveed, Zishan and K{\"u}hhorn, Arnold}, title = {An Isogeometric Based Study of Contact Behaviour for Rotating Structures}, series = {14th World Congress on Computational Mechanics (WCCM)-ECCOMAS Congress 2020, Virtual Conference: 11-15 January 2021}, journal = {14th World Congress on Computational Mechanics (WCCM)-ECCOMAS Congress 2020, Virtual Conference: 11-15 January 2021}, language = {en} } @incollection{SchrapeKuehhornGolze, author = {Schrape, S. and K{\"u}hhorn, Arnold and Golze, Mark}, title = {Simulation fluidged{\"a}mpfter Strukturschwingungen durch partitionierte Fluid-Struktur-Kopplung mittels MpCCI}, language = {de} } @article{SchrapeKuehhornGolze, author = {Schrape, S. and K{\"u}hhorn, Arnold and Golze, Mark}, title = {Simulation fluidged{\"a}mpfter Strukturschwingungen mittels partitioniertem Kopplungssatz via MpCCI}, series = {NAFEMS-Magazin}, volume = {2}, journal = {NAFEMS-Magazin}, number = {4}, pages = {41 -- 49}, language = {de} } @incollection{SchrapeKuehhornGolze, author = {Schrape, S. and K{\"u}hhorn, Arnold and Golze, Mark}, title = {Simulation of fluid damped structural vibrations}, series = {Proceedings, 7th MpCCI User Forum, February 21st and 22nd 2006, at Schloss Birlinghoven, Sankt Augustin, Germany}, booktitle = {Proceedings, 7th MpCCI User Forum, February 21st and 22nd 2006, at Schloss Birlinghoven, Sankt Augustin, Germany}, address = {Sankt Augustin}, pages = {112 -- 121}, language = {en} } @incollection{StrehlauKuehhorn, author = {Strehlau, Ulrik and K{\"u}hhorn, Arnold}, title = {Experimental and numerical investigations of HPC blisks with a focus on travelling waves}, series = {Proceedings of the ASME Turbo Expo 2010, presented at the 2010 ASME Turbo Expo, June 14 - 18, 2010, Glasgow, UK, Volume 6, part B}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the ASME Turbo Expo 2010, presented at the 2010 ASME Turbo Expo, June 14 - 18, 2010, Glasgow, UK, Volume 6, part B}, publisher = {ASME}, address = {New York, NY}, isbn = {978-0-7918-4401-4}, pages = {865 -- 878}, language = {en} } @misc{MaywaldBeirowKuehhorn, author = {Maywald, Thomas and Beirow, Bernd and K{\"u}hhorn, Arnold}, title = {Mistuning und D{\"a}mpfung von Radialturbinenr{\"a}dern}, series = {MTZ - Motortechnische Zeitschrift}, volume = {76}, journal = {MTZ - Motortechnische Zeitschrift}, number = {06}, issn = {2192-8843}, doi = {10.1007/s35146-015-0043-7}, pages = {68 -- 75}, abstract = {Moderne Verbrennungskraftmaschinen m{\"u}ssen ein stetig wachsendes Anforderungsprofil in Bezug auf Wirtschaftlichkeit, Leistung und Umweltfreundlichkeit erf{\"u}llen. In diesem Zusammenhang hat die Turboaufladung von Verbrennungsmotoren an Bedeutung gewonnen. Bei Turboladern kleiner und mittlerer Baugr{\"o}ße, deren Turbinen einen Durchmesser zwischen 30 und 250 mm aufweisen, kommen vornehmlich gegossene Laufr{\"a}der zum Einsatz. Am Institut f{\"u}r Verkehrstechnik der Brandenburgischen Technischen Universit{\"a}t Cottbus-Senftenberg wurde im Rahmen eines FVV-Forschungsvorhabens der Einfluss charakteristischer Betriebsgr{\"o}ßen eines Turboladers auf das strukturdynamische Verhalten solcher Radialturbinenr{\"a}der untersucht.}, language = {de} } @misc{BeirowKuehhornWeberetal., author = {Beirow, Bernd and K{\"u}hhorn, Arnold and Weber, Robby and Popig, Frederik}, title = {Vibration Analyses of an Axial Turbine Wheel With Intentional Mistuning}, series = {Turbo Expo 2020, Virtual Conference, Virtual Conference and Exhibition, Online, September 21 - 25, 2020}, journal = {Turbo Expo 2020, Virtual Conference, Virtual Conference and Exhibition, Online, September 21 - 25, 2020}, abstract = {The last stage bladed disk of a steam turbine is analyzed with respect to both flutter susceptibility and limitation of forced response. Due to the lack of variable stator vanes unfavorable flow conditions may occur which can lead to flow separation in some circumstances. Consequently, there is the risk of flutter in principle, particularly at nominal speed under part load conditions. For this reason, intentional mistuning is employed by the manufacturer with the objective to prevent any self-excited vibrations. A first step in this direction is done by choosing alternate mistuning, which keeps the manufactural efforts in limits since only two different blade designs are allowed. In this sense, two different series of blades have been made. However, it is well known that small deviations from the design intention are unavoidable due to the manufacturing procedure, which could be proved by bonk tests carried out earlier. The influence of these additional but unwanted deviations is considered in numerical simulations. Moreover, the strong dependence of blade frequencies on the speed is taken into account since it significantly attenuates the blade to blade frequency difference in this particular case. Within an academic study the turbine wheel is modelled as blade integrated disk in order to demonstrate fundamental effects of intentional mistuning on flutter susceptibility and forced response. For that purpose, reduced order models are built up by using the subset of nominal system mode approach introduced by Yang and Griffin [1], which conveniently allows for taking into account both differing mistuning patterns and the impact of aeroelastic interaction. Focusing on the first flap mode it could be shown that a mitigation of flutter susceptibility is achieved by prescribing alternate mistuning, which indeed affects an increase of originally small aerodynamic damping ratios. Nevertheless, the occurrence of negative damping ratios could not be completely precluded at part load conditions. That is why optimization studies are conducted based on genetic algorithms with the objective function of maximizing the lowest aerodynamic damping ratios. Again only two different blade designs are admitted. Finally, mistuning patterns could be identified causing a tremendous increase of aerodynamic damping ratios. The robustness of the solutions found could be proved by superimposing additional random mistuning. Another study is focused on the impact of mistuning strength. Further analyses are addressing the forced response at part speed conditions, where different resonance crossings are becoming apparent in the Campbell plot. An increase of the forced response compared to the tuned counterpart is partly unpreventable because of unfavorable aerodynamic damping curves. Independently, the maximum forced response has to be limited also in case of applying large intentional mistuning. [1] Yang, M. T., Griffin, J. H., „A Reduced-Order model of Mistuning Using a Subset of Nominal System Modes". J Eng Gas Turb Power, 123, pp. 893-900 (2001).}, language = {en} } @misc{FigaschewskyKuehhornBeirowetal., author = {Figaschewsky, Felix and K{\"u}hhorn, Arnold and Beirow, Bernd and Giersch, Thomas and Schrape, Sven}, title = {Analysis of mistuned forced response in an axial high-pressure compressor rig with focus on Tyler-Sofrin modes}, series = {The Aeronautical Journal}, journal = {The Aeronautical Journal}, number = {123}, issn = {2059-6464}, doi = {10.1017/aer.2018.163}, pages = {356 -- 377}, abstract = {This paper aims at contributing to a better understanding of the effect of Tyler-Sofrin Modes (TSMs) on forced vibration responses by analysing a 4.5-stage research axial compressor rig. The first part starts with a brief review of the involved physical mechanisms and necessary prerequisites for the generation of TSMs in multistage engines. This review is supported by unsteady CFD simulations of a quasi 2D section of the studied engine. It is shown that the amplitude increasing effect due to mistuning can be further amplified by the presence of TSMs. Furthermore, the sensitivity with respect to the structural coupling of the blades and the damping as well as the shape of the expected envelope is analysed. The second part deals with the Rotor 2 blisk of the research compressor rig. The resonance of a higher blade mode with the engine order of the upstream stator is studied in two different flow conditions realised by different variable stator vane (VSV) schedules which allows to separate the influence of TSMs from the impact of mistuning. A subset of nominal system modes representation of the rotor is used to describe its mistuned vibration behaviour, and unsteady CFD simulations are used to characterise the present strength of the TSMs in the particular operating conditions. Measured maximum amplitude vs blade pattern and frequency response functions are compared against the predictions of the aeromechanical models in order to assess the strength of the TSMs as well as its influence on vibration levels.}, language = {en} } @misc{BeirowKuehhornFigaschewskyetal., author = {Beirow, Bernd and K{\"u}hhorn, Arnold and Figaschewsky, Felix and H{\"o}nisch, Peter and Giersch, Thomas and Schrape, Sven}, title = {Model update and validation of a mistuned high-pressure compressor blisk}, series = {The Aeronautical Journal}, volume = {123}, journal = {The Aeronautical Journal}, number = {1260}, issn = {2059-6464}, doi = {10.1017/aer.2018.149}, pages = {230 -- 247}, abstract = {In order to prepare an advanced 4-stage high-pressure compressor rig test campaign, details regarding both accomplishment and analysis of preliminary experiments are provided in this paper. The superior objective of the research project is to contribute to a reliable but simultaneously less conservative design of future high pressure blade integrated disks (blisk). It is planned to achieve trend-setting advances based on a close combination of both numerical and experimental analyses. The analyses are focused on the second rotor of this research compressor, which is the only one being manufactured as blisk. The comprehensive test program is addressing both surge and forced response analyses e.g. caused by low engine order excitation. Among others the interaction of aeroelastics and blade mistuning is demanding attention in this regard. That is why structural models are needed, allowing for an accurate forced response prediction close to reality. Furthermore, these models are required to support the assessment of blade tip timing (BTT) data gathered in the rig tests and strain gauge (s/g) data as well. To gain the maximum information regarding the correlation between BTT data, s/g-data and pressure gauge data, every blade of the second stage rotor (28 blades) is applied with s/g. However, it is well known that s/g on blades can contribute additional mistuning that had to be considered upon updating structural models. Due to the relevance of mistuning, efforts are made for its accurate experimental determination. Blade-by-blade impact tests according to a patented approach are used for this purpose. From the research point of view, it is most interesting to determine both the effect s/g-instrumentation and assembling the compressor stages on blade frequency mistuning. That is why experimental mistuning tests carried out immediately after manufacturing the blisk are repeated twice, namely, after s/g instrumentation and after assembling. To complete the pre-test program, the pure mechanical damping and modal damping ratios dependent on the ambient pressure are experimentally determined inside a pressure vessel. Subsequently the mistuning data gained before is used for updating subset of nominal system mode (SNM) models. Aerodynamic influence coefficients (AICs) are implemented to take aeroelastic interaction into account for forced response analyses. Within a comparison of different models, it is shown for the fundamental flap mode (1F) that the s/g instrumentation significantly affects the forced response, whereas the impact of assembling the compressor plays a minor role.}, language = {en} } @misc{HenkeNoackGeyeretal., author = {Henke, Anna-Sophia and Noack, Martin and Geyer, Thomas and Heinrich, Christoph Rocky and Beirow, Bernd and Sarradj, Ennes and K{\"u}hhorn, Arnold}, title = {Calculation of the Modal Behavior of Structured Sheet Metal}, series = {International Journal of Lightweight Materials and Manufacture}, journal = {International Journal of Lightweight Materials and Manufacture}, issn = {2588-8404}, doi = {10.1016/j.ijlmm.2019.01.004}, pages = {13}, language = {en} }