@misc{Straub, author = {Straub, Andrea}, title = {Impact of remote data transmission on the effluent quality}, series = {BFT international : concrete plant + precast technology ; Betonwerk + Fertigteil-Technik}, volume = {02}, journal = {BFT international : concrete plant + precast technology ; Betonwerk + Fertigteil-Technik}, number = {2019}, issn = {1865-6528}, pages = {114 -- 114}, language = {en} } @misc{AhmedStraub, author = {Ahmed, Naveed and Straub, Andrea}, title = {A practical approach for measuring chemical oxygen demand (COD) of fats, oils, and grease (FOG) using tween 80 in wastewater}, series = {ChemEngineering}, volume = {9}, journal = {ChemEngineering}, number = {6}, publisher = {MDPI AG}, address = {Basel}, issn = {2305-7084}, doi = {10.3390/chemengineering9060138}, pages = {1 -- 9}, abstract = {This study aims to estimate the organic load of oily wastewater by using Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) measurements, addressing the analytical challenges posed by the hydrophobic, nonpolar, and often emulsified nature of Fats, oil and grease (FOG). This study established a reproducible and practical methodology for measuring COD in wastewater containing FOG at a laboratory scale, utilizing the nonionic surfactant T80 as a solubilizing and emulsifying agent. Precise gravimetric methods were employed to measure the mass of T80 (indirectly from volume (100-1400 µL/L)) added, and its correlation with COD was established. A strong linear relationship (R2 = 0.993-0.998) between T80 concentration and COD confirmed its stability and suitability as a calibration standard. Experiments with sunflower (1-4 mL/L) and rapeseed oils (1-3 mL/L) showed that COD increased linearly with oil concentration and stabilized after prolonged mixing (96-120 h), indicating complete emulsification and micellar equilibrium. Even under T80 overdose conditions, COD retained linearity (R2 0.99), though absolute values were elevated due to excess surfactant oxidation. Temperature variation (5 and 20 °C) and mild heating of coconut fat (30-32 °C) showed no significant effect on COD reproducibility, indicating that mixing time and surfactant dosage are the dominant factors influencing measurement accuracy. Overall, the study establishes T80 as a reliable surfactant for solubilizing oily matrices, providing a consistent and repeatable approach for COD assessment of wastewater containing FOG. The proposed method offers a practical basis and a step towards environmental monitoring and process control in decentralized and industrial wastewater treatment systems.}, language = {en} } @misc{AhmedStraubAli, author = {Ahmed, Naveed and Straub, Andrea and Ali, M.}, title = {Fats, oil, and grease (FOG) in wastewater : sources, mechanisms, control, and removal strategies}, series = {International journal of environmental science and technology}, volume = {23}, journal = {International journal of environmental science and technology}, number = {2}, publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, issn = {1735-1472}, doi = {10.1007/s13762-025-06977-2}, pages = {1 -- 28}, abstract = {Fat, oil, and grease (FOGs) are a significant challenge for water management services. FOG in wastewater is generated by the increasing number of food service establishments (FSEs), as well as the pharmaceutical industry. It is estimated that approximately 30-40\% of sewer clogs are caused by deposits of FOG in sewer pipes, which results in increased annual maintenance expenses for sewer management. FSEs are required to recover FOG at the point of generation by installing grease interceptors (GIs) before releasing wastewater into the sewer system, thereby restricting the amount of FOG that is deposited. The successful control of FOG deposition is largely dependent on gaining a thorough understanding of its intricate features, pretreatment methods, and deposition mechanisms, as well as increasing public awareness of the issue. For the purpose of providing an overview of the components and characteristics of FOGs, this review is presented. Additionally, it critically discusses the potential sources of FOGs, the effects of FOGs on sewage systems, and the problems that are associated with wastewater treatment plants. In addition, it evaluates the mechanisms that are responsible for the deposition of FOG as well as potential control techniques. Various key removal procedures, such as physical, chemical, and biological approaches, have been described in this review. In order to help in the process of developing a sustainable urban environment, it is necessary to evaluate the progress that has been made in terms of procedures and techniques in order to identify the future evolution of FOG waste management.}, language = {en} }