TY - GEN A1 - Grossmann, Doreen A1 - Galvin, Ray A1 - Weiß, Julika A1 - Madlener, Reinhard A1 - Hirschl, Bernd T1 - A methodology for estimating rebound effects in non-residential public service buildings: case study of four buildings in Germany T2 - Energy and Buildings N2 - Non-residential buildings comprise a quarter of the European Union (EU) building stock and cause approximately one-third of this stock's energy consumption. The imperative to reduce their energy consumption is widely accepted in EU countries. It is now common to upgrade both residential and non-residential buildings to increase energy efficiency, but studies indicate a significant gap between energy performance and design. In the residential sector, this gap has been extensively investigated and quantified under the heading of the ‘rebound effect’, but there do not yet appear to be studies on rebound effects in non-residential buildings. This paper develops a methodology to fill this gap. Through technical measurements in four recently retrofitted German public service case study buildings, rebound effects were estimated under two definitions: the ‘elasticity’ rebound effect and the ‘energy performance gap’ (EPG). Cross-sectional data of actual and calculated consumption in 176 comparable buildings was used to estimate typical rebound effects which could be expected in such buildings. The case study results indicated comparatively low rebound effects but high EPGs. Semi-structured interviews with building occupants and operators identified credible determinants of energy consumption. The methodology proved effective and robust, and is offered for further use and development. KW - Rebound effect KW - Non-residential buildings KW - Energy performance gap KW - Energy consumption behavior Y1 - 2019 UR - https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-UBICO/frontdoor/index/index/docId/24808 SN - 1872-6178 VL - Volume 111 SP - 455 EP - 467 ER -