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马丁•瓦尔泽的小说常以社会批判为主题,长篇小说《菲利普斯堡的婚事》中的人与自身以及他人之间的异化关系则是体现之一。本文结合埃里希•弗洛姆的异化理论对该小说中的异化现象、异化后果以及原因进行分析。在长篇小说《菲利普斯堡的婚事》中,瓦尔泽向我们主要展现了第二次世界大战后的经济奇迹时期,菲利普斯堡这个城市里上流社会的生活。这样的生活表面上看起来光鲜亮丽,实则虚伪龌蹉。几乎人人都为了个人利益而不放过任何获利的机会。人的交换价值被高度重视。参加晚会、一般的社交,乃至婚姻,其功能在很大程度上也在于交换。人们渴望同价值更高的人打交道,以便通过接触找到获利的机会。人与自身及他人的关系皆由利己主义原则为主导。由此建立起来的人与人之间的交往关系便已异化,自然也会产生一个冷漠、异化的病态社会。
The Art oft Leading. The Significance of Personality and Character in the Choice of Business Leaders
(2018)
Here, I attempt to formulate some thoughts about the past, present, and future of psychoanalysis and its institutions in Germany. To do this, I have employed my varied experience as a supervisor and consultant to many such psychoanalytic institutes over the past several years. Themes discussed include the history of psychoanalysis in postwar Germany, the organizational structure of German psychoanalytic institutes, and their cultures in regard to group and organizational dynamics, and political and economic aspects. Finally, I add brief thoughts about the future, taking into account recent developments relating to planned changes in laws governing psychotherapy in Germany. Further, I attempt to analyze and comment on: coming to terms with the past; how to begin after the >Zero Hour<; the form of organization of psychoanalytic institutes in Germany; missing patients and missing candidates; constructive debate and hurting people’s feelings; the lack of >detoxification< and >recycling< of the poisonous remains of psychoanalytic processes; and the future of psychoanalytic institutions in Germany. I end with an example of a typical primary task used in conducting large groups in the institutes in which I worked, and include an anonymized table listing individual interventions, their duration, and frequency. These should provide an idea of my way of working, and an overview of the dimensions of the task.
This paper studies the interaction of the clinical theories of two major British theorists, Melanie Klein and Donald Winnicott. Through three clinical examples, we see how the >Klein-Winnicott dialectic< operates in a significantly developmental fashion to advance and fulfill clinical work. Winnicott’s >object survival< is looked at in developmental conjunction with Klein’s >mourning< as a primary clinical and developmental process. This interaction also captures the essence of working with the aggression of a self that has been traumatically disrupted within its early development. This paper demonstrates how such work leads to the assimilation and grieving of primal object loss, evolving into a >developmental mourning process.< This developmental mourning includes the working-through of an >abandonment depression< in the character-disordered patient. A clinical example in a 1989 essay on >psychic pain< by Betty Joseph is used to set up the clinical challenge of going beyond the symptomatic clinging behavior of developmental arrest, into full psychic birth as a separate other, an Other who can relate to an Other. Conclusively, the subjective visceral affect noted and monitored in its clinical dimensions here is that of human >heartache,< which can also include regret.