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Table of Content:
Plamen Minchev:
Социалният характер. Теоретични и приложни аспекти
Social character. Aspects of theory and application
Sofia (Unipress) 2021, 294 pp.
First chapter: Social character
1. History of the concept of social character
2. Psychological, social and personal prerequisites of Erich Fromm to develop the concept of social character
3. Social character theory
3.1 Social psychological function of religion and the connection between religion and social character
3.2 The family as agent of the society in transmission of the basic features of social character
3.3 Example of analysis of family structure
4. Definition and aspects of the social character
5. Erich Fromm`s characterology
5.1 Sigmund Freud characterology as basis for Erich Fromm characterology
5.2 Erich Fromm characterology
5.3 Connection between social and individual character
5.4 Social character and ‘lagging behind’
5.5 The theory of love of Erich Fromm as basis for analysis of the different types of characters
6. The social character in the Bulgarian psychological literature
Second chapter: Social psychological portrait of the Bulgarians and Turks
1 Social psychological view of Bulgarian population
1.1 History of development of the Bulgarian social character
1.2 Analaysis of the family structure of the Bulgarians in historical context
1.3 Structure of the Bulgarian education
2. Social psychological characteristics of the Turkish population in Bulgaria
2.1 Demographic development and social structure of the Turkish population in Bulgaria
2.2 Religious structure
2.3 Culture and language
2.4 Education
2.5 Social life
2.6 The Turkish family
3. Studies of the relationship between Bulgarian and Turks
3.1 Studies of the stereotypes between Bulgarians and Turks
3.2 Anthropological study of some villages with Turkish or predominantly Turkish population.
4. The common way of life as basis for developing common social character
Third chapter: Studies of social character
1. Nonpsychodynamic studies of the concept of social character
2. Psychodynamic studies of the concept of social character
2.1 Study of the social character through children games in Mexican village
2.2 Study of the social character in the organizations
2.3 Study of the villagers`s social character in Mexican village
2.4 Study of the biophilia and necrophilia in American society
2.5 Mexican study of women social character in two villages
Fourth chapter: Comparative study of social character of Bulgarian and Turkish teachers
Izmantojot Fromma izstrādnes, kļūst iespējams nošķirt arī iedomātās un faktiskās vērtības. Iedomātās vērtības var gūt racionalizēšanas ceļā, kaut gan pastāvošās, faktiskās vērtības liecina par kaut ko citu. Fromms piedāvā šādas principā nedzīvošanas, proti, nebūšanas aprakstu (459): >Tagadējais vidējais cilvēks pats gandrīz vai nedomā. Viņš atceras tikai datus, kas viņam sniegti skolā un masu medijos. Balstoties uz paša novērojumiem un domāšanu, viņš praktiski neko nezina no tā, ko viņš zina. Arī priekšmetu izmantošana gandrīz neprasa paša domāšanu un speciālās zināšanas. Dažas ierīces, piemēram, telefons, neparedz nekādu prasmi un piepūli. Cita priekšmeta, piemēram, automašīnas, izmantošana paredz mācīšanos tikai sākumā. Kolīdz tas kļuvis par rutīnu, vajadzīga tikai ļoti niecīga personiskā piepūle un speciālas zināšanas. Pat izglītoti mūsdienu cilvēki ļoti maz domā par reliģiskām, filosofiskām problēmām un pat nedomā par politiskām problēmām. Lielākoties viņi no politiskām un reliģiskām grāmatām un oratoriem tikai pārņem daudzkārt piedāvātās klišejas, nevis nonāk pie secinājumiem, kas ir darbīgas un dzīlēs ietiecošas pašu domāšanas rezultāts. Viņi labprātāk izvēlas tās klišejas, kas vairāk atbilst viņu pašu raksturam un viņu pašu sociālajai šķirai.<
Zeitschrift für Humanistische Sozialwissenschaft, Tübingen (Selbstverlag), No. 1 and 2, 1997, 96 p.
(1997)
In einer analytisch-sozialpsychologischen Pilotstudie werden psychische Tiefenstrukturen als moegliche Erklaerung fuer die Schwierigkeiten des Zusammenwachsens der Deutschen nach der Wiedervereinigung untersucht. Unter Rueckgriff auf die Charaktertypologie und die sozialpsychologische Methodik Erich FROMMs werden die charakterologischen Auswirkungen der je verschiedenen wirtschaftlichen und gesellschaftlich-politischen Lebenspraxis in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland und der Deutschen Demokratischen Republik analysiert. Dabei wird davon ausgegangen, dass der Gesellschafts-Charakter unter veraenderten gesellschaftlichen Verhaeltnissen zunaechst noch erhalten bleibt. Anhand eines eigens erarbeiteten interpretativen Fragebogens wurden mit jeweils 15 LehrerInnen von ost- und westdeutschen Grundschulen Tiefeninterviews durchgefuehrt, in denen gezielt nach den das Verhalten motivierenden Charakterstrukturen gefragt wurde. Die Auswertung erfolgte in Gruppen, wobei auch die Uebertragungs- und Gegenuebertragungswahrnehmungen als analytisches Erkenntnisinstrument eine wesentliche Rolle spielten. Der Vergleich der psychischen Tiefenstruktur von ost- und westdeutschen GrundschullehrerInnen ergab deutliche Unterschiede in den dominanten Orientierungen des Gesellschaftscharakters. Es zeigte sich, dass im Osten weiterhin autoritaere Orientierungen vorherrschen, waehrend westdeutsche LehrerInnen eher marketing- oder narzisstisch orientiert sind und insgesamt ein breiteres Spektrum an Orientierungen aufweisen. Die Ergebnisse werden hinsichtlich ihrer Relevanz fuer die innere Einheit Deutschlands diskutiert, und es wird auf moegliche Anstoesse zur Weiterentwicklung der Theorie vom Gesellschaftscharakter und der qualitativen Methoden einer psychoanalytischen Sozialforschung hingewiesen.
Der vorliegende Aufsatz ist als Einführung in die analytische Sozialpsychologie für all diejenigen konzipiert, die über das wohl meistverbreitetste Werk Erich Fromms – nämlich >Die Kunst des Liebens< – mit psychoanalytischen und gesellschaftstheoretischen Fragen in Berührung gekommen sind. Dass Fromms Reflexionen zur >Kunst des Liebens< auch nach einem halben Jahrhundert immer noch auf reges Interesse stoßen, verdankt sich allerdings möglicherweise einem produktiven Missverständnis: Vielleicht greifen nicht wenige Leser zu diesem Buch, um praktikable, konkret umsetzbare Anleitungen für ihre eigene Lebensgestaltung zu finden. In Fromms Perspektive aber geht es um mehr: Es geht vor allem um die Frage, welche gesellschaftlichen Strukturen uns daran hindern, eine biophile, dem Leben zugewandte Charakterorientierung auszubilden. Daher stehen im vorliegenden Aufsatz das Konzept des Gesellschafts-Charakters, seine spezifischen Orientierungen im modernen Industriekapitalismus sowie seine Relevanz für neuere psychoanalytische und pädagogische Problemstellungen im Mittelpunkt des Interesses. Erst vor diesem Hintergrund macht es Sinn, sich mit aktuellen, unserer gesellschaftlichen Situation angemessenen Formen einer >Kunst des Liebens< kritisch auseinanderzusetzen.
Filozofia jest bogatym źródłem alternatywnych narracji opisujących, w jaki sposób powinniśmy chronić prawa człowieka; narracji, które rozwinęły się w czasach istnienia XX-wiecznych rządów totalitarnych. Niniejsza książka skupia się na myśli dwóch filozofów tego okresu – Ericha Fromma i Isaiaha Berlina. Analiza ich przemyśleń pozwala na ukazanie nowej filozoficznej koncepcji państwa i prawa opartej na wartościach godności ludzkiej i solidarności, uzasadnianych za pomocą argumentów odmiennych od >tradycyjnie uniwersalistycznych<. W koncepcji tej, zakorzenionej w ludzkim doświadczeniu, prawo musi uwzględniać zmieniające się okoliczności, być nakierowane na utrzymanie chwiejnej równowagi między różnymi i czasami przeciwstawnymi wartościami. Rozważania filozofów są zaskakująco aktualne i ukazują, że zagrożenia, które wystąpiły w XX wieku, czyhają na nas także dziś.
Veinticinco Aniversario. Marzo 8, 1988, México (Instituto Méxicano de Psicoanálisis) 1988, 32 p.
(1988)
Grundlagen der therapeutischen Traumbearbeitung in analytischen Selbsterfahrungsgruppen werden erörtert. Die Geschichte der psychoanalytischen Traumdeutung sowie anthropologische, kulturgeschichtliche und philosophische Aspekte hierzu werden dargestellt. Für die Traumarbeit in Gruppen wird eine methodische Variante entwickelt. – Aus dem Inhaltsverzeichnis: (1) Einleitung: Traumanalyse in der Selbsterfahrungsgruppe. Traum und Farbe. (2) Soziologie des Traums in primitiven Stammeskulturen. (3) Aspekte des Traumes in der antiken Mittelmeerkultur: Hellenistische und Talmudische Traumdeutung. (4) Freudsche Traumdeutung. (5) Freudsche Epigonen: Adler, Silberer, Jung, Reich, Rank, Stekel, Perls, Schultz-Hencke, Szondi, Meier, Assagioli, French, Garma, Ammon, FROMM. (6) Die Philosophie des deutschen Idealismus in Anwendung auf psychoanalytische Terminologien der therapeutischen Traumdeutung. (7) Physiologie des Traumes. (8) Der Traum in der Gruppenpsychotherapie. (9) Setting einer neuen Methodenvariante.
Verbindungen zwischen dem Marxismus und der Tiefenpsychologie Freudianischer und Adlerianischer Herkunft werden historisch rekonstruiert. Theoretische Aspekte der gegenseitigen Beziehung werden diskutiert. – Aus dem Inhaltsverzeichnis: (1) Der Marxismus in der erziehungswissenschaftlichen Diskussion. (2) Die frühe Kontroverse zwischen Psychoanalyse und Marxismus. (3) Die >radikalen< marxistischen Psychoanalytiker [Bernfeld; Reich; Marcuse; FROMM. (4) Materialistische Sozialisationstheorie (A. Lorenzer). (5) Kritische Erziehungswissenschaft. (6) >Radikaler< (marxistischer) Humanismus (E. FROMM). (7) Ist der Marxismus ein Humanismus? (8) Freuds Stellung zu Marxismus und Bolschewismus. (9) Die marxistischen Adlerianer. (10) Das >politische< Engagement der Individualpsychologie. (11) Alfred Adler und der Marxismus. (12) >Der Weg zum Wir< (Alice Rühle-Gerstel). (13) Die Individualpsychologie vor den Aufgaben der Zeit. (14) Die Sinnfrage und das anthropologische Defizit des Marxismus.
Therapeutic Revolutions examines the evolving relationship between American medicine, psychiatry, and culture from World War II to the dawn of the 1970s. In this richly layered intellectual history, Martin Halliwell ranges from national politics, public reports, and healthcare debates to the ways in which film, literature, and the mass media provided cultural channels for shaping and challenging preconceptions about health and illness. Beginning with a discussion of the profound impact of World War II and the Cold War on mental health, Halliwell moves from the influence of work, family, and growing up in the Eisenhower years to the critique of institutional practice and the search for alternative therapeutic communities during the 1960s. Blending a discussion of such influential postwar thinkers as Erich Fromm, William Menninger, Erving Goffman, Erik Erikson, and Herbert Marcuse with perceptive readings of a range of cultural text that illuminate mental health issues--among them Spellbound, Shock Corridor, Revolutionary Road, and I Never Promised You a Rose Garden--this compelling study argues that the postwar therapeutic revolutions closely interlink contrasting discourses of authority and liberation. [Taken from Publisher’s Website: http://rutgerspress.rutgers.edu]
Our approach to the study of personality is to provide a thorough coverage of each of the major theories and to compare and integrate the various approaches. In deciding which theories to discuss, we have chosen those that have had the most significant impact on the field and that are of greatest current importance to our understanding of personality. We have attempted to write about each theory in such a way that the coverage is at once basic and advanced. An understanding of the theories presented requires no prior knowledge of personality theory, but at the same time, we provide sufficient comprehensive coverage of most theories to support advanced study of the theory and its ramifications. / Thus each theory chapter also discusses the historical origins of the theory and the biographical background of the major theorists, covers research associated with the theory, provides a critical evaluation of the approach, deals with applications of the theory, where relevant, and compares the theory with others. Index: Preface – I. Introduction – Theory and research in personality – II. Psychodynamic theories – Psychoanalytic theory: Sigmund Freud – Ego psychology: Erik H. Erikson and Heinz Hartmann – Analytical psychology: Carl Jung – Social analytic theory: Alfred Adler, Karen Horney, Erich FROMM, and Harry Stack Sullivan – III. Phenomenological-humanistic theory – Phenomenological-humanistic theory: Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow – IV. Behavioral and cognitive approaches – Stimulus-response learning theory: John Dollard and Neal Miller – A behavioral approach: B. F. Skinner – Cognition, personality, and behavior: George Kelly – Social learning and cognition: Information processing theory: Albert Bandura, Walter Mischel, and Julian Rotter – V. Factor and typological theories – Structure-based systems theory: Raymond Cattell – A typological theory: Hans Jurgen Eysenck – VI. Field theory – Field theory: Kurt Lewin – VII. Integration and conclusion – An overview of personality theory – Glossary – Author index – Subject index.
This critical study attempts to determine the role of sexual and political identity in Klaus Mann’s works. By examining such recurrent thematic patterns as the work of art as progeny, supernatural births, the image of the writer as soldier and monk, or obsession with death, among others, the study finds in Klaus Mann a characteristic sense of >social self-identity.< This is the first book-length treatment of Mann’s fiction and non-fiction prose, drama, and diaries to show the interrelationship between his political development as an anti-fascist and his sexual identity as a gay writer. The theoretical approach to Mann’s works contrasts earlier twentieth-century conceptions of personal identity, articulated by such writers as Erik Erikson, Karen Horney, and Erich Fromm, with more recent thinking on identity questions. [Taken from Publisher’s Website: http://www.peterlang.com/]
The Psychology of Collective Narcissism is a ground-breaking text that presents a new theory of collective narcissism, a belief that exaggerated greatness of one’s own group should be but is not sufficiently appreciated by others. The book presents this concept against the background of social identity theory and research. It explores antecedent as well as social and political consequences of collective narcissism. The author discusses how this burgeoning theory and research can help to elucidate a wide range of psychological dynamics involved in pressing societal issues, such as the declining appeal of democracy, increasing populism, decreasing social solidarity, increasing societal polarization and prejudice, intergroup hostility and political violence, social inequality, and fake news and belief in conspiracy theories. Also referring to societal problems exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic, this highly topical work explores socially shared beliefs as risk factors when predicting responses to crises and highlights conditions in which collective narcissism can be expected. The author also reviews research on interventions reducing the link between collective narcissism, prejudice, and retaliatory intergroup hostility focusing on her recent research on mindfulness. This is a valuable read for academics and students in psychology and the social sciences, those interested in societal processes as well as professionals dealing with the impact of collective narcissism.
The Legacy of Erich Fromm, Cambridge (Mass.) and London (Harvard University Press) 1991, 260 p.
(1991)
This paper addresses the integration of community psychology and psychoanalytic theory through an exploration of transference-countertransference interactions and enactments that occurred in the context of a community intervention. The author, a team member during a four-year community revitalization intervention in South Central Los Angeles, calls this approach community analysis and offers a way to conceptualize the transference-countertransference themes that developed there in the interactive patterns between community residents and the intervention staff. Examples are given to illustrate how the interactive patterns represented deeply entrenched transference dilemmas that residents enacted with external power sources, including the intervention team, and how this understanding provided necessary leverage for growth and change in the community.
Carl Goldberg asks how malevolent transformation of personality takes place. In-spired by Fromm's work on the origin of destructiveness, Goldberg builds on Fromm's observation that an evil character tends to develop gradually by a succes-sion of innumerable acts of inhumanity that are often rationalized and dismissed. Goldberg has found that the road that leads to sadism and cruelty is often paved by a history of shame and humiliation. Goldberg proposes stages of the sequential transformations of shame, humiliation, and rage that eventually lead to malevo-lence. He illustrates the theory with a very interesting case study. Goldberg's stages provide the basis for rich clinical exploration that could lead to a research agenda into the various possible pathways for the development of the malevolent personal-ity.
In >The Frankfurt School on Religion<, Eduardo Mendieta has brought together a collection of readings and essays revealing both the deep connections that the Frankfurt School has always maintained with religion as well as the significant contribution that its work has to offer. Rather than being unanimously antagonistic towards religion as has been the received wisdom, this collection shows the great diversity of responses that individual thinkers of the school developed and the seriousness and sophistication with which they engaged the core religious issues and major religious traditions.– Through a careful selection of writings from eleven prominent theorists, including several new and previously untranslated pieces from Leo Löwenthal, Max Horkheimer, Herbert Marcuse, and Jürgen Habermas, this volume provides much needed sources for religious leaders, philosophers, and social theorists as they grapple with the nature and functions of religion in the contemporary social, political, and economic landscape.– >The Frankfurt School on Religion< recovers the religious dimensions of the Frankfurt School, for too long sidelined or ignored, and offers new perspectives and insights necessary to the development of a fuller and more nuanced critical theory of society. Selections and essays from: Ernst Bloch, Erich Fromm, Leo Lowenthal, Herbert Marcuse, Theodor W. Adorno, Max Horkheimer, Walter Benjamin, Johann Baptist Metz, Jürgen Habermas, Helmut Peukert, Edmund Arens. [Routledge Website: https://www.routledge.com/products/9780415966979]
In an era of environmental crises, geopolitical stresses, corporate misbehavior, and inequalities of wealth and power, a new moral vision for our world is vital. Klaus M. Leisinger, one of the world’s leading ethicists and experts in ethical business management offers an essential text for our times. This is a volume akin to Machiavelli’s The Prince, as it is a guidebook for leadership, but unlike Machiavelli, Leisinger teaches the leader how to find true purpose and value through leadership. Drawing upon his vast knowledge of philosophy and experience in global business, Leisinger offers an invaluable, persuasive, inspiring, and utterly practical guide for business with purpose in the 21st century. The timing is perfect. Leading CEOs in the U.S. Business Roundtable have finally acknowledged the social responsibility of the corporation. They will find no better roadmap to fulfilling that responsibility than Klaus Leisinger’s powerful text.
On the occasion of the 100th anniversary of the foundation of the Institute for Social Research in Frankfurt am Main, in 1923, this book aims at shedding light on the archives of some of the key thinkers of Critical Theory of Society, also well known as >Frankfurt School<. To pay homage to this current of thought, this contributed volume aims to make the archives speak for themselves, to show the public the quantity of unpublished material still existing by the authors of the Critical Theory which are now in funds in different parts of the world (in Germany, in Italy, or in the United States), and to show that Critical Theory remains alive 100 years after its inception.– The volume starts by presenting the archives of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, the thinkers who inspired Critical Theory, and the archives of the Institute for Social Research itself. Then it dedicates separate sections to the archives of Walter Benjamin, Max Horkheimer, Theodor W. Adorno, Friedrich Pollock, Herbert Marcuse, Leo Löwenthal and Jürgen Habermas. The book is composed of chapters written by researchers and editors who worked in the different fonds, as well as chapters written by or interviews with researchers who were or are in charge of some of the archives, or who are especially familiar with the material.– The Archives of Critical Theory will be an invaluable tool for researchers in many disciplines working with Critical Theory of Society, such as Sociology, Anthropology, Political Science, Philosophy, History, Education, Law and Cultural Studies, among others. Readers will find information about the content of each archive and the history of its constitution. The various contributions present many ways in which the materials may be explored and explain how such explorations affected or may yet affect the state of the research.
In all health sciences and education mainly in humanistic thought in psychoanalysis to reflect more deeply to know the potential of human beings to overcome the problems themselves and psychological trauma. Psychoanalysis shows the treatment monitoring of practical ability, creativity, decision-making power to be able to tackle certain types of personal and existential problems. Perhaps most psychoanalysts believe this human potential to solve problems and tackle complex situations and very difficult. Many do not have the financial resources, others do not believe in the analysis, however everyone knows the need that humans have to know themselves in their performances unconscious. Today more than ever appear increasingly to overcome challenges, some difficult to solve, as in the case of chronic or destructive. This type of experiences is not merely an illusion at all times accompany tragedies and sufferings of all kinds. But at the same time recognize that many people have succeeded by his willpower and determination to solve their problems or cure of a disease that was being disillusioned by medicine.
The addition, psychoanalysis offers a theory, the treatment of these neuroses and psychosomatic illnesses. Many of these patients adolescents, adults, families, managed to prove their ability to overcome their limits affective and existential. Some managed to prepare and resolve many traumas that were preventing the experiences of his psychic potential. And somehow still in a process of personal evolution, the solution of these traumas, released creative energy able to cast him in many goals higher than the average of people in general. This same trauma could cause this patient developed an ability to utilize its potential to achieve noble goals in their personal and family life. This potential energy is unconscious able to turn a dream into reality. Because of this potential trauma unleashed creativity and determination, it is as if this suffering, this pain, this loss, reversing into a resource available to accomplish their goals.
The big question of humanist psychoanalysis is: Where does this power that turns into a force capable of solving personal and social problems? I realize that this "potential" is a process of overcoming lying in novels, in movies, in the Bible, in short all focus this power to turn dreams into reality. Overcoming the trauma is not only a dream, a myth, a fantasy, an utopia, but a capability that has the power to motivate, and to modify our interpretation of certain traumas and problems we face in our lives. If we admit the existence of this "potential" processing in humans, then we should know the ways to use this energy efficiently, to respond to the challenges that life puts in our everyday life. Many hypotheses can be proposed to solve the problems of the "human" in man. But no one can deny the importance of this study in psychoanalysis to make the analysis more practical and efficient. The traumas are accompanied by fears, for it is a study of fundamental emotions, I believe that all these demands of the existence within its limitations and possibilities, may help put into practice the ethics of life, consistency comes in the form of being, acting and think.
Ser Viejo, (2. Febr. 1976).
(1976)
Este trabajo tiene una pretensión principal, revisar el valor y vigencia de la obra de Erich Fromm para reflexionar sobre un humanismo de nuestro tiempo. Para ello se revisan las nociones de naturaleza humana, felicidad, libertad y carácter social, tal y como son desarrolladas en la obra de Fromm, la lectura que el autor hace de sus fundamentos y una revisión crítica a la luz de la visión del mundo contemporáneo. Nociones como las de naturaleza humana y carácter constituyen ejes conceptúales que sirven de fundamento para el desarrollo de una propuesta, la base de una ciencia aplicada al arte del bien vivir, una ética humanista. El punto del que se parte no es otro que el análisis de la vida económica y social del hombre contemporáneo y de la influencia de ese modo de vida sobre sus pensamientos y sentimientos. Esta perspectiva ayuda a ver el mundo actual así como en describir ciertos fenómenos productores del mismo. Se pretende discutir y esclarecer hasta donde resultan rescatables las ideas de Fromm y partir de ahí para señalar horizontes y llamar la atención sobre la necesidad de pensar, de reflexionar y, en particular, sobre su vigencia ética en los tiempos contemporáneos.