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Erich Fromm
(1980)
Work and Human Development
(1980)
Erich FROMM's strategy of social change was based on reform, with the institutions of alienated society changing in response to increased public commitment to humanistic values. While Herbert Marcuse did not reject reformist strategies outright, and even insisted that every opportunity on that level should be taken advantage of, he distrusted >controlled democracies< and their tendency to manipulate consciousness. The two thinkers did not differ in their advocacy of humanistic values and reformist strategies but in their respective estimates of their efficacy; Marcuse tended to believe that extralegal and politically revolutionary steps would ultimately be required to bring about meaningful social change.
Über Kultur und Äquivalenz
(1971)
On Culture and Equivalence I
(1966)
Leadership in Context
(2021)
My studies of leadership build on the work of Sigmund Freud, Erich Fromm, and Erik Erikson. Those psychoanalysts described leaders of large groups, their personalities and relations with their followers. In my studies of leaders and experience with them, I have found that leadership is a relationship in a particular context. There are different kinds of leaders, and someone can be a leader in one context, but not in another. Furthermore, different leadership roles and different cultures call for different personality types and leadership behavior. People follow leaders for different reasons, and leaders can influence why and how they are followed. While Freud, Fromm, and Erikson only described male leaders, women are increasingly filling leadership roles, sometimes more effectively than men.