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Discusses the relationship between individual psychopathology and sociocultural conditions. 4 basic problems are analyzed: (a) the nature of the changing sociocultural factors that influence personality, (b) how these factors directly affect the individual, (c) how interactive and internal factors produce psychopathology, and (d) how the expression of illness can be inhibited, facilitated, or modified by social mores. The theoretical contributions of Horney, Sullivan, FROMM, Kardiner, and other psychoanalysts to these issues are reviewed. Changing forms of neuroses and psychoses are related to corresponding shifts in attitudes and social norms, the influence of specific cultural factors on individual development are described, and the implications of these factors for social intervention and treatment are considered.