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Reviews the effort to reconcile psychoanalysis and Marxism and suggests that the birthright of this attempt is held by Wilhelm Reich, Siegfried Bernfeld, and Otto Fenichel. These left-Freudians or Marxist-psychoanalysts are viewed to have a dialectic-materialistic basis in common. Criticisms raised by the orthodox psychoanalysts of the Vienna Circle on the one hand and the orthodox communist-Marxists (e.g., Sapir) on the other hand are discussed. Reasons for the Marxist-psychoanalysts' abortive attempt and a review of the way in which their thinking (especially that of Reich) were received by representatives of the Frankfort School (Horkheimer, Adorno, Marcuse, and FROMM) are presented.