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The aim of my paper is to introduce individual theories of aggression, which are divided according to the factors having influence on human aggressive behaviour and acting. Basically, the literature is chosen from the works of Erich Fromm, Sigmund Freud and Konrad Lorenz. This choice enabled to divide the issue into three basic areas, that is: biological, psychological and philosophical ones. All three areas are elaborated further by the issue of the child aggression origin, in subchapters. The impact of aggression on society is also emphasized by Hannah Arendt, who is trying to specify roots of social aggression, and is looking for individual and social responsibility for aggression. The theory, derived from those researches plus from subsequent modern psychological concept, attempts to reveal causes of aggression. Easier understanding of aggression causes would enable to influence or eliminate factors causing/strengthening aggression, either caused by society or by ourselves. Such understanding is the aim of all scientists, who sacrificed their lives to research of aggression, a phenomenon so dangerous for human beings.
Monografia zostaje oddana do rąk czy telnika w szczególnym momencie albowiem na marzec 2012 roku przypadły 90 urodziny wielkiego mentora polskich schweitzerowców prof. Henryka Gaertnera, zaś 2013 rok to czas obchodów setnej rocznicy istnienia szpitala symbolu L’Hôpital du Docteur Albert Schweitzer w gabońskim Lambaréné. Prof. Henryk Gaertner, wieloletni pracownik klinik Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego w Krakowie, członek wielu Towarzystw Naukowych polskich i zagranicznych, działacz społeczny i kulturowy jest jednocześnie jedynym Polakiem, któr y dostąpił zaszczytu zasadania w prezydium Association Internationale Schweitzer Lambaréné (AISL). Niesposób zamknąć w kilku zdaniach obszarów zainteresowań i działalności Profesora Henryka Gaertnera, aktywnego w sferach medycznej, psychosomatycznej, liter ackiej, historyczno medycznej, etyczno filozoficznej, kulturalnej, oświatowej czy społecznej. Z tym większym respektem książkę tę redaktorzy dedykują swemu ukochanemu Profesorowi z prośbą o życzliwe jej przyjęcie jako kolejnego głosu upominającego się o to, ażeby w życiu społecznymi, jak i na gruncie opieki medycznej były obecne wartości głęboko humanistyczne.
Erich Fromm (1900 – 1980)
(2012)
Erich Fromm in his short book >The Art of Loving< presents love as an attitude and feeling that can be learned. Love in Fromm's terms is beyond the scope of interest sexologists, is an attitude combining the ability to learn a second, respect for him and concern for his welfare. Love is not a recipe for a happy sex life but the essence of the attitude in which it is a centre place for the most subtle and for healthy human development kind of relationship. There is no health without mental health and full of expression capabilities inherent in the unit without the feeling of love. It is an expression of the full development of personality.
Przedmowa [Preface]
(2012)
The bachelor´s thesis describes the philosophy of three important philosophers Erich Fromm, Victor Emanuel Frankl and Albert Camus. The work is divided into four chapters, in each of them I always deal with one specific problem from the point of view of all these philosophers. At the end of each chapter there is some conclusion and a summary of these thoughts as well as findings of similar characters of their philosophy. The first chapter is devoted to the problem of authentic way of the human existence. There are presented the basic features of Frankl´s, Fromm´s and Camus´ philosophy. The second chapter deals with the topic of freedom, primarily, whether the absolute freedom possible is or is not. The following chapter talks about the issue of human society and its impact on a human. The last chapter describes the problem of death and suicide. Whether these authors accept death as the end of the human life or whether they accept suicide as the solution of the human life. In conclusion, I tried to summarize the similar points of philosophy of these authors.
Fromm's approach to mental health is based on the neurophysiology principle that the brain has an innate tendency to preserve life. This principle implies a basic condition of psychic health: the concomitant of the process of life itself respect for life, that of others as one's own. According to Fromm, this universal criterion of mental health, inextricably linked to ethical issues, gives a satisfactory solution to the problem of human existence.
The text considers the problem of Albert Schweitzer's fight to stop the development of nuclear weapons, in view of the problem of modern international terrorism. Special services in many countries for some time gains information about the efforts of various terrorist organizations to obtain nuclear weapons (or components and knowledge needed to produce it). To determine the risk there was establish a term: 'nuclear terrorism', and many actions (legal and operational) are taken in order to prevent this phenomenon. Currently no one questions the clear negativity of nuclear terrorism, so it's worth to think about its structure and causes – which arise from human destructiveness. The element of self-destruction, present in human nature manifested itself particularly strongly with the invention of weapon with such great power of destruction, which is a nuclear weapon. Albert Schweitzer noticed an element of self-destruction, calling it 'an inhuman way of thinking' and actively engaged in a worldwide campaign against nuclear armament. The main reason which cause the Doctor of Lambaréné to take this activity, was to draw the attention of world public opinion on the negative effects of nuclear test-explosions. However, during the exploration of issues (in which he was supported by eminent specialists in the field of nuclear physics, with Albert Einstein headed), Schweitzer discovered a much more serious danger threatening all of humanity. This text is an attempt to answer the question about the topicality of peace appeals made by him in the 50's and 60's. The author reminds the risks associated with the development of nuclear weapons and technology in Schweitzer's times and at the present time, trying to outline the basic differences between them. Today, more and more The text considers the problem of Albert Schweitzer's fight to stop the development of nuclear weapons, in view of the problem of modern international terrorism. Special services in many countries for some time gains information about the efforts of various terrorist organizations to obtain nuclear weapons (or components and knowledge needed to produce it). To determine the risk there was establish a term: 'nuclear terrorism', and many actions (legal and operational) are taken in order to prevent this phenomenon. Currently no one questions the clear negativity of nuclear terrorism, so it's worth to think about its structure and causes - which arise from human destructiveness. The element of self-destruction, present in human nature manifested itself particularly strongly with the invention of weapon with such great power of destruction, which is a nuclear weapon. Albert Schweitzer noticed an element of self-destruction, calling it 'an inhuman way of thinking' and actively engaged in a worldwide campaign against nuclear armament. The main reason which cause the Doctor of Lambaréné to take this activity, was to draw the attention of world public opinion on the negative effects of nuclear test-explosions. However, during the exploration of issues (in which he was supported by eminent specialists in the field of nuclear physics, with Albert Einstein at the helm), Schweitzer discovered a much more serious danger threatening all of humanity. This text is an attempt to answer the question about the topicality of peace appeals made by him in the 50's and 60's. The author reminds the risks associated with the development of nuclear weapons and technology in Schweitzer's times and at the present time, trying to outline the basic differences between them. Today, more and more.
Dr. Pankiewicz’s paper focuses on the depiction of Erich Fromm’s character and views. The subject of the author's analysis is the work of Fromm entitled >War in Man< (the author is the initiator of the Polish edition of this book). The paper raises both the issues of the presented book, as well as Fromm's views, which can be found in reading the paper. Dr. Pankiewicz points out that >War in Man< is a very important voice of warning against nuclear threat, while pointing to the paradoxical fact that the main source of danger to humanity is currently man himself - that the element of self-destruction lies within us. The author introduces to the reader the universal issues of life and death, so characteristic for Fromm's thought, citing pessimistic thoughts about the dimensions of human destructiveness. And although (as stated by the author himself) the take on the paper's issues is not optimistic, the guide and popularization of Fromm's reflections on the global nuclear threat is nowadays one of the most current issues. The text help us to better understand what was happening and is still happening before our eyes: It approximates the structure of modern man’s nature and the problems of interdependence of social and psychological factors, explains the essence of human aggressive behaviour, indicating the sources of these behav-iours.