Dargestellt und analysiert wird der für die Persönlichkeitslehre von A. Adler zentrale Begriff des >Gemeinschaftsgefühls<. Insbesondere wird versucht, die aus den Anfangszeiten der Tiefenpsychologie stammenden Aussagen Adlers mit neueren psychologischen Erkenntnissen in Einklang zu bringen. Zunächst wird auf verschiedene Aspekte des >Gemeinschaftsgefühls< bei Adler eingegangen: (1) auf den anthropologischen Aspekt (Gemeinschaftsgefühl als ursprüngliche Gegebenheit); (2) auf den ethischen Aspekt (Gemeinschaftsgefühl als anzustrebendes Menschenziel); (3) auf individuumsbezogene Gesichtspunkte (Gemeinschaftsgefühl als angeborene Komponente beziehungsweise als werdende Komponente). Sodann wird auf neuere Theorien und Befunde der Psychologie Bezug genommen. Aus dem Bereich der Entwicklungspsychologie werden die Auffassungen von R. A. Spitz und J. Bowlby dargelegt. Hinsichtlich der Psychotherapie von Psychosen folgen insbesondere Ausführungen zu dem Ansatz von F. FROMM-Reichmann. Ausführlich diskutiert werden die Konzeptionen der neopsychoanalytischen Schule (Horney, FROMM, Sullivan). Abschliessend wird der Versuch unternommen, die verschiedenen angesprochenen Sachverhalte in einer vergleichenden Zusammenschau zu integrieren.
Erich Fromm fue un hombre marcado por las desagradables y terribles circunstancias que vivió en su tiempo, posiblemente el más trágico de la historia. Ante ella nuestro autor, lejos de abatirse, concentró todo su esfuerzo intelectual en esclarecer las verdaderas raíces de la existencia humana en todos los campos y desde todas las esferas de su formación. Conformó un sistema para entender la vida desde el hombre individual hasta la humanidad para, primero, comprender, y después, eliminar todas las vías que reconducen al hombre a su destrucción total. En el fondo, su pensamiento es un grito, una denuncia franca contra la sin razón de las contiendas mundiales y el sistema bipolar que amenazaba con un nuevo Holocausto, el nuclear. El sistema para la humanización del hombre vuelve a poner de manifiesto, a modo de saber arcano, el mensaje universal de un humanismo que, para nuestro autor abarca, desde los antiguos profetas a las ideas del joven Marx y las teorías de Freud, pasando por la teología negativa de Maimónides que finalmente completaría el >Meister Eckhart<. Así configura su camino para el hombre, para todos los hombres que quieran unirse en paz, independientemente de sus cree.
In all health sciences and education mainly in humanistic thought in psychoanalysis to reflect more deeply to know the potential of human beings to overcome the problems themselves and psychological trauma. Psychoanalysis shows the treatment monitoring of practical ability, creativity, decision-making power to be able to tackle certain types of personal and existential problems. Perhaps most psychoanalysts believe this human potential to solve problems and tackle complex situations and very difficult. Many do not have the financial resources, others do not believe in the analysis, however everyone knows the need that humans have to know themselves in their performances unconscious. Today more than ever appear increasingly to overcome challenges, some difficult to solve, as in the case of chronic or destructive. This type of experiences is not merely an illusion at all times accompany tragedies and sufferings of all kinds. But at the same time recognize that many people have succeeded by his willpower and determination to solve their problems or cure of a disease that was being disillusioned by medicine.
The addition, psychoanalysis offers a theory, the treatment of these neuroses and psychosomatic illnesses. Many of these patients adolescents, adults, families, managed to prove their ability to overcome their limits affective and existential. Some managed to prepare and resolve many traumas that were preventing the experiences of his psychic potential. And somehow still in a process of personal evolution, the solution of these traumas, released creative energy able to cast him in many goals higher than the average of people in general. This same trauma could cause this patient developed an ability to utilize its potential to achieve noble goals in their personal and family life. This potential energy is unconscious able to turn a dream into reality. Because of this potential trauma unleashed creativity and determination, it is as if this suffering, this pain, this loss, reversing into a resource available to accomplish their goals.
The big question of humanist psychoanalysis is: Where does this power that turns into a force capable of solving personal and social problems? I realize that this "potential" is a process of overcoming lying in novels, in movies, in the Bible, in short all focus this power to turn dreams into reality. Overcoming the trauma is not only a dream, a myth, a fantasy, an utopia, but a capability that has the power to motivate, and to modify our interpretation of certain traumas and problems we face in our lives. If we admit the existence of this "potential" processing in humans, then we should know the ways to use this energy efficiently, to respond to the challenges that life puts in our everyday life. Many hypotheses can be proposed to solve the problems of the "human" in man. But no one can deny the importance of this study in psychoanalysis to make the analysis more practical and efficient. The traumas are accompanied by fears, for it is a study of fundamental emotions, I believe that all these demands of the existence within its limitations and possibilities, may help put into practice the ethics of life, consistency comes in the form of being, acting and think.
We are facing a new understanding of the unconscious mind, the new scientific discoveries that are happening in anthropology, philosophy and neuroscience are influencing epistemological demarcation of psychoanalytic theory, while medicine supported by neuroscience says that there is a neurobiological basis for human attitudes and for mental illnesses. We are very skeptical about this avalanche of marketing neuroscience and other theories that seek its basis in physiological organicism, even psychopharmacology and psychiatrists are in hand to substantiate this genetic condition and biological human mind. I believe these theories help us understand the biological functioning of the brain and neurological, but are far from understanding your unconscious functioning. We are still far from knowing what we are witnessing in the context of scientific discoveries, neuroscientists are trying to explain the neurological functioning through a unification that can enable scientific truths, but we realize that there are many contradictions in relation to psychoanalysis, philosophy, anthropology, this is a novelty of positivist and experimental scientists seeking to explain how the brain works.
Writing about the human mind is a difficult and complex task, because the concepts are confused about the brain, first because there are different types of memories. Memories are files containing cultural information that can help a person find their answers, as well as psychoanalysis has long been a doctrine for the uninitiated a closed sect, who held where the truth about the unconscious was a select group that had the power and truth of psychoanalytic theory. Through this reflection on the "unconscious mind" I want to offer people lay in the subject an opportunity to understand the complex workings of the unconscious mind. I hope this awakening interest in the player, because the brain is unconscious energy with a capacity to leave us perplexed and fascinated with a capacity far beyond computers or the cosmos.
All scientific discoveries in many areas of science are changing our way of being and living, and it seems that this transformation is inevitable, we are no longer the same, we go out of the condition of primates and become "cyber man," and yet we must be prepared for other changes and their impact on quality of life, all of this is unpredictable, we can not cower and flee what awaits us in the future, and without thinking or wanting to decrease anxiety, the future is happening right now. The theoretical and conceptual changes should monitor developments and scientific discoveries as we study the human brain met with organismic paradigms that are still with the defects of the neurons concerned to know which groups of neurons that are blamed for the malfunction Brain Machine. While in this mechanistic paradigm and physiological demand for all forms neurological location with their pathological functions, we are far from understanding human and existential. The unconscious part of the neurological functions and needs and understanding of the functioning of neurotransmitters, but can not be explained on this materialist and positivist paradigm. Psychoanalysis feels comfortable and quite safe to say that this paradigm "humanistic existential" may give many explanations about the complex web of human experience. The aim of this book is to discuss the theoretical paradigms and question the concepts and theories of neuroscience, as we understand these concepts in a conventional science that closed the issue on the demarcation of evidence and measurements, prevent psychoanalysts to dialogue with narcissism and prejudices of a science that prefers to take forward at any cost their personal truths.