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Reply to Commentaries
(2000)
This paper begins with an analysis of race as a social construction and then follows the argument that, at a deep structural level, race and racism are organized by the same rational–irrational polarity of Enlightenment philosophy that informs psychoanalytic structural theory. The heart of the paper is formed by two case examples, one from my own practice and one from Leary (1997). I argue that unconscious racism is to be expected in our clinical work at this point in history and that truly reparative efforts depend on an acknowledgement of racism in the transference–countertransference matrix.
Preface
(2000)
The use of space as an image for engagement is the framework of the dialogue between architect, Richard Meier, and psychoanalyst, Valerie Tate Angel. The interrelated nature of architecture and psychoanalysis heightens the awareness of experience in the self's relation to intimate spaces.The homogeneity between architecture and psychoanalysis is the bringing together of a sense of openness and a freedom of possibilities in the place where one lives.
Reflections on White Racism
(2000)
An essential principle of psychoanalytic practice is the maintenance of strict confidentiality, and yet the presentation and publication of psychoanalytic case histories necessitate considerable public disclosure of the lives of our patients. Inasmuch as psychoanalysis is a particularly frequent, intensive, and lengthy process, a report of the unfolding of an analysis necessarily entails considerable revelation concerning patients, their inner worlds, and their life circumstances. This use of confidential material raises innumerable ethical concerns, and psychoanalysis, with its unique emphasis on unconscious mental processes, also adds to the complexity of ethical considerations by demanding that we take unconscious factors into account. When we speak, for example, of >informed consent< as an ethical principle, we as psychoanalytic clinicians must grapple with the problem of whether to take a patient's manifest acquiescence at face value. This article explores such ethical considerations along with other ethical and clinical complications in the presentation of analytic material for professional purposes.
Reply to Dimen
(2000)
This essay, a commentary on Sorenson's >Psychoanalytic Institutes as Religious Denominations,< explores a number of questions concerning the fate of psychoanalysis and the institutions that support it. How can psychoanalysis best survive its current travails, transcend the internecine conflicts that have always plagued it, and ride its contemporary reformation into a vital, relevant and creative second century? Approaches to training and to institutional structure at several contemporary relational psychoanalytic training programs are discussed and contrasted with more traditional models as a way of suggesting some promising directions for the future growth of psychoanalysis as a discipline.
Reply to Benjamin
(2000)
Reply to Chodorow
(2000)
It is not difficult to suppose that under the domination of a civilized sexual morality the health and efficiency of single individuals may be liable to impairment and that ultimately this injury to them, caused by the sacrifices imposed on them, may reach such a pitch that, by this indirect path, the cultural aim in view will be endangered as well [Freud, 1908, p. 181].
A clinical case is presented at length with a view to understanding how the healthy fear of incest, which favours the process of individuation, may come into conflict with the fear of leaving childhood and becoming adult. Among the consequences of this conflict is a sort of paralysis or impediment to living which may be converted into hate. The inquiry mainly regards anxiety, fear, hate and aggression as factors which conspire in holding an individual back from his path in life. The affects are taken into consideration in accordance with Fromm's theory of aggression and his >'syndrome of decay'< diagnostic scheme, which results from the confluence and interaction of incestuous symbiosis, narcissism and destructiveness. Emphasis is placed on mechanisms of repression and splitting of hate not employed in aggression. Repressed and split hate may sustain parahallucinatory symptoms and produce terror. This view offers an explanation of the perturbing symptomatology that afflicted the patient presented here and also shows the power.
The Institute intends to contribute to the formation of a Frommian research tradition and to its development in Italy. During his lifetime Fromm carried out a daily clinical work on which he based all his theories. The Institute is interested in collecting this wealth of clinical experience through study and research. On the subject of technique, written and recorded documents consist of valuable notes, which are found in various books, and of posthumous works and recorded seminars and interviews. After a brief historical note on the Institute, the Frommian perspective is presented at length with a view to understanding how psychoanalysis reacts to the radical humanism. Emphasis is placed on the idea that Fromm's thought orientation is not an organised school of psychoanalysis but an open and critical contribution. This view offers an explanation of Fromm's abstention to codify a psychoanalytic technique to be applied in a standardised way. Although this report regards above all the clinical psychoanalysis, we must remember great thinkers such as Meister Eckhart and Spinoza, who inspired Fromm's perspective and gave strength to it.
On the subject of countertransference we attempt to establish a line of continuity between Freud's own expression >blind spot< and Fromm's idea of >counterattitude<. It is pointed out that both expressed the idea of the analyst's unconscious as an >instrument< for understanding the patient's unconscious. It follows that the decision to openly use or not to use countertransference in analysis also depends on the concept we have of it and on its extent. The psy-choanalyst's real and illusory values and his convictions with regard to human nature influence the countertransference and the analytic relationship. Analytic listening itself may be distorted by it. We must be highly aware of this to avoid enclosing what the patient says in a theoretic scheme. What is needed, there-fore, is an open theoretic scheme, more oriented towards understanding than in-terpretation. Aspects of analytic communication and of the relationship between language, thought and insight are examined. A humanistic point of view is as-sumed in distinguishing between the transferral and the real plane, and the rea-sons behind the legitimacy of such a distinction are expounded.
Reply to Bergman and Foster
(2000)
With permission of the Finnish artist Juhana Blomstedt, a selection of his thoughts on art collected in the book >Muodon Arvo< (The Value of Form) and from an interview with the psychoanalyst Veikko Talvitie, have been translated and reproduced in this issue. Aphoristic sentences, reflecting his views on the value of form, on time and memory, art as communication, abstract painting, or on the artist and his role in society, build up some of the chapters of his book, but the same sentences can also be found time and again in longer and more coherent texts. They seem to contain the essence of the artist's reflections on art and on >the enigma of being in the world<.
The way we plan and live our built environments reflect unconscious forms of thinking realised through architecture. Cities become holding environments that offer inhabitants differing forms of psychic engagement with the object world. The way they are planned and the types of objects they offer add up to degrees of >imageability<, an attribute of any city that could become part of a psychoanalysis of the built world, or what Bachelard termed a >topoanalysis<. Cities also play with life and death as those who inhabit built structures will be outlived by the places they inhabit, yet they enliven the inorganic spaces they construct. All buildings may, then, be forms of death brought into lived experience, and architects negotiate complex issues involving the matriculation of forms of death into human life. The >spirit< of human endeavour needs representation in the built environment and we may consider the ways in which a psychoanalysis of the built world could lead to a psycho-spiritual representation of human life.
Reply to Commentaries
(2000)
Review Donnel B. Stern: Unformulated Experience: From Dissociation to Imagination in Psychoanalysis
(2000)
Reality
(2000)
Reply to Commentaries
(2000)
Reply to commentary
(2000)
This. Reply clarifies the ideas originally presented in >Beyond Milk and the Good Breast: Reconfiguring Psychoanalytic Dyads< (PD 9/5, 1999) in response to Steven Reisner's commentary. It faults Dr. Reisner's reading of Lacan and Kristeva, as well as his use of male-gendered metaphors to transform my clinical material into a different analytic treatment. I conclude that, by arriving at such differing conclusions regarding theory and clinical treatment, he inadvertently proves, and enacts, the basis of my argument: that the gender of the analyst is an important variable that affects psychoanalytic formulations, treatment, and outcome.