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Realist scholars are increasingly turning their attention to Pierre Bourdieu's concept of habitus or dispositions as a way of theorizing thought and behaviour. In this article, the author offers a contribution, based on Erich Fromm's social psychology, to the realist theory of habitus. The author argues that while Bourdieu and Fromm both see the quest for meaning as the source of subjectivity in social life, Fromm goes further than Bourdieu in analysing the psychodynamic consequences of the acquisition of habitus. Fromm provides additional tools to understand the properties of habitus that emerge from its interaction with primary psychological needs. Principally, Fromm's work reveals an undertheorized set of emergent properties of habitus.
Die Entstehungs- und Entwicklungsgeschichte der International Federation of Psychoanalytic Societies (IFPS) ist bisher nicht ausführlich und zusammenhängend beschrieben worden. Es handelt sich um eine internationale psychoanalytische Föderation, in der sich psychoana-lytische Ausbildungsinstitute und psychoanalytische Gesellschaften assoziiert haben, die nicht Mitglied in der großen, traditionsreichen International Psychoanalytical Association (IPA) werden konnten oder wollten. Meist hatte dies mit Ansichten und Haltungen zu tun, die von der >orthodoxen< und von der IPA definierten psychoanalytischen Lehrmeinung abwichen. Das Grundprinzip der IFPS war von Beginn an geprägt von Offenheit und Toleranz neuen psychoanalytischen Konzepten und Methoden gegenüber und von Nichteinmischung in die Ausbildungsfragen der einzelnen Mitgliedsinstitute. Die IFPS wird 1962 von international tätigen, aber allesamt deutschsprachigen Psychoanalytikern gegründet. Die erste Satzung der IFPS wird 1974 noch auf Deutsch formuliert. Inzwischen ist die Verständigungssprache zum Englischen gewechselt und es gehören der IFPS insgesamt 28 psychoanalytische Institute und Gesellschaften an, viele davon aus dem englisch- und spanischsprachigen Raum. In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden die Gründungsgeschichte der IFPS und die ersten 20 Jahre ihres Bestehens anhand von Archivmaterial nachvollzogen, das die Archivkommission der IFPS zusammengetragen hat. Zunächst geht es um die Vorgeschichte der Gründung, in der die Grundsätze der neuen internationalen Gemeinschaft bereits diskutiert und formuliert werden und in der erste Konflikte mit anderen psychoanalytischen Vereinigungen auftauchen. Dann werden die Gründer, ihre theoretischen Standpunkte und ihre Schwierigkeiten miteinander vorgestellt. Alle ein bis vier Jahre werden größere oder kleinere Tagungen durch die IFPS abgehalten. Diese Tagungen werden hinsichtlich ihres inhaltlichen und organisatorischen Rahmens dargestellt. Die Vorträge der ersten Tagungen werden in Auswahl in sechs Bänden veröffentlicht. Erst 1992 entsteht die vierteljährliche Zeitschrift der IFPS, das >International Forum of Psychoanalysis<. Die Entwicklungsgeschichte der IFPS zeigt die Struktur, den Charakter und die theoretischen Eigenheiten dieser Föderation. Im zweiten Teil der Arbeit werden die inhaltlichen Unterschiede zwischen der >orthodoxen< psychoanalytischen Lehre und den Lehren der >Dissidenten< der Psychoanalyse herausgearbeitet. Einige der >Dissidenten< waren Gedankengeber für die IFPS, einige waren und sind deren Mitglieder. Die Unterscheidung zwischen >orthodoxen< und >dissidenten< psychoanalytischen Theorien wird problematisiert und in Frage gestellt.
Donald Trump and his followers who never waiver stand at 41.5% of the US population (Fivethirtyeight.com), the embodiment of a lust for power and fame and the minions who crave fulfillment through his arrogant and belligerent antics. Speaking from the mid-Twentieth century, Fromm offers a starting point for our discussion of the present day, centered on the social-psychological intersection where everyday people recreate the systems upon which they both depend, and which may very well destroy them.
Begruessung
(2018)
Begrüßung und Einführung
(2018)
Die Produktion der Zukunft
(2018)
Modern society is marked with utmost ambivalence. There is the utmost desire to be free, creative, and productive. Yet, our creative and productive desires trap us and now control our own freedom to become. Couple this inconsistency with the rapid sociostructural changes, fragmentation of traditions, and dissolution of communal well-being, what we have is a life of uncertainty. It is a life debased from its very ontological foundation with the transmission of technorationalities of the capitalist industry. In modernity, we could no longer speak of individuality and subjectivity since the very historical thread that serve as its foundation is now wavered towards accumulation and possession of the capital. Moreover, this overleaning towards the capital deadens us unconsciously that we mistake this for reality. The market ideology with all its rationalizations reifies human consciousness to the extent that we consider the technorationalities as the ontological normative structure. As a result, there is a growing dislocation of subjectivity which leads to neurotic social behaviors and inner social contradictions. As a result, we have our own social discontents. It is then the aim of this paper to ponder on the psychosocial effects of the market economy. I argue that there is a need to look at the effects of this economic system that perpetually delineate subjective experiences and plunge humanity into incontrovertible pseudo images. It is at this point that Fromm’s radical psychosocial interpretation of society becomes binding. I argue with Fromm that our social libidinal drives or what he termed as social characterology, which we are all unconscious of, must be thoroughly brought to fore. I claim that this particular characterology result to the obstructions of a normal and healthy society.
Dialektische Psychologie. Adornos Rezeption der Psychoanalyse, Wiesbaden (Springer) 2018, 764 pp.
(2018)
This paper studies the interaction of the clinical theories of two major British theorists, Melanie Klein and Donald Winnicott. Through three clinical examples, we see how the >Klein-Winnicott dialectic< operates in a significantly developmental fashion to advance and fulfill clinical work. Winnicott’s >object survival< is looked at in developmental conjunction with Klein’s >mourning< as a primary clinical and developmental process. This interaction also captures the essence of working with the aggression of a self that has been traumatically disrupted within its early development. This paper demonstrates how such work leads to the assimilation and grieving of primal object loss, evolving into a >developmental mourning process.< This developmental mourning includes the working-through of an >abandonment depression< in the character-disordered patient. A clinical example in a 1989 essay on >psychic pain< by Betty Joseph is used to set up the clinical challenge of going beyond the symptomatic clinging behavior of developmental arrest, into full psychic birth as a separate other, an Other who can relate to an Other. Conclusively, the subjective visceral affect noted and monitored in its clinical dimensions here is that of human >heartache,< which can also include regret.
This paper presents Fromm’s (1900–1980) ap-proach to religion and religiosity, in light of Hermann Cohen (1842–1918) thought. Despite differences in their thought, Cohen and Fromm share some things in common. Their critique of culture is based on a unique definition of das Individuum, the human condition. They demon-strate a cautious approach to modernity and progress.
This paper examines how clinicians can arrive at effective therapeutic action by means other than spoken language. The paper presents a view that resonating affective states promote intimacy in the therapeutic encounter and is in fact a vital part of the curative process of psychotherapy. This emotional interchange supplements traditional notions of insight by adding an aspect of an >embodied self< who knows. A clinical case that demonstrates this view is presented and discussed.
Posing the question of the possibility of transference at the moment of a decompensation, the author proposes rethinking the psychiatric concept of >unmotivated laughter< in light of psychoanalytic experience, taking a case study as a point of departure. In the present research, the intention is to understand the rule of laughter outside the conception of the joke (Witz), by tracing the trajectory of the conceptualization of laughter from Freudian to Lacanian psychoanalysis. This review is needed in order to understand an experience of interpretation of laughter at the time of a decompensation in the schizophrenia of an adolescent, in which (un)motivated laughter formed a symptom. >Jouissance-laughter< necessitates changing the psychiatric understanding of laughter in schizophrenia, where its motivation is not what is comical in the here-and-now. In this laughter, the humorous or comic response of the clinician becomes an interpretation. Published online: 18 Apr 2018.
If psychoanalysis is to avoid total marginalization, something has to be changed in the way future generations are prepared for working with patients and doing research. Reformation of psychoanalytic education may easily be the crucial issue when it comes to the survival of psychoanalysis. Its current organizational scheme has been criticized for various reasons, and various models of its structure have been proposed. I advocate a model that would combine the best features of the university education (training in clinical skills together with philosophy of science and research methodology) with personal analysis as part of psychoanalytic institutes. Although universities can remedy some of the problems of psychoanalytic institutions, they cannot contain the subjective experience of being analyzed.
Here, I attempt to formulate some thoughts about the past, present, and future of psychoanalysis and its institutions in Germany. To do this, I have employed my varied experience as a supervisor and consultant to many such psychoanalytic institutes over the past several years. Themes discussed include the history of psychoanalysis in postwar Germany, the organizational structure of German psychoanalytic institutes, and their cultures in regard to group and organizational dynamics, and political and economic aspects. Finally, I add brief thoughts about the future, taking into account recent developments relating to planned changes in laws governing psychotherapy in Germany. Further, I attempt to analyze and comment on: coming to terms with the past; how to begin after the >Zero Hour<; the form of organization of psychoanalytic institutes in Germany; missing patients and missing candidates; constructive debate and hurting people’s feelings; the lack of >detoxification< and >recycling< of the poisonous remains of psychoanalytic processes; and the future of psychoanalytic institutions in Germany. I end with an example of a typical primary task used in conducting large groups in the institutes in which I worked, and include an anonymized table listing individual interventions, their duration, and frequency. These should provide an idea of my way of working, and an overview of the dimensions of the task.
In 1929, Wilhelm Reich lectured on >Psychoanalysis as a natural science< before the Communist Academy in Moscow; he was the only Freudian-trained Central European psychoanalyst to do so. That same year, his article >Dialectical materialism and psychoanalysis< was published in the Academy's journal, Under the Banner of Marxism, in both Moscow and Berlin. By this time, Reich's involvement with political activism aligned with the Austrian Communist Party was increasing, while simultaneously psychoanalysis in the Soviet Union was in decline. Our paper places these events in their proper historical context and includes a discussion of the various attempts to determine the compatibility of psychoanalysis and Marxism. We offer analyses of both the article, >Dialectical materialism and psychoanalysis,< and the lecture, >Psychoanalysis as a natural science,< and the reactions to both by Reich's Russian critics. We show the ways in which responses to his lecture foreshadow what becomes the standard Soviet assessment of psychoanalysis. As an appendix to this paper, we provide the first English translation of the Russian account of his lecture, as published in the Herald of the Communist Academy.