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Cites cases of children believing in male maternity, and describes myths and legends, classical and modern, involving the same type of event. These beliefs are discussed in terms of the concepts of Freud and E. FROMM. It is concluded that the fantasy of male maternity is linked with frustrated creative aspirations.
The author discusses Ferenczi's theory of femininity in terms both of its orientation to Freud's constructivist view on the same subject and its intimate connections with his own phylogenetic speculations. She underlines the significance of Ferenczi's assumptions about the universality of the ?trend of maternal regression? and its determining role in genital sexual union. Due to the absence of a ?real? penis in women, Ferenczi postulates that female development is marked by a whole series of regressive moves and renunciations, from urethrality to anality (i.e. from activity to passivity), the ?abandonmentγ of the clitoris in favour of the vagina, and a regressive secondarynarcisstic cathexis of the entire body. The author criticizes Ferenczi's reduction of woman to the ?mother? function and relates this view to recent femininity theories emanating from the French school of psychoanalysis, which follow him in this respect. There is a brief discussion of the author's own approach to establishing a theory of femininity. She situates her theses in the framework of the tensions obtaining between Ferenczi's unsatisfactory theory of femininity as a ?defective? condition and his bold and laudable attempt to provide Freudian metapsychology with a biological foundation.
Comments on >Psychoanalysis and Cognitive-Evolutionary Psychology. An Attempt at Integration<.
(1998)
On Love
(1998)
Auf der Suche nach dem ethischen Konsum. Nachhaltigkeit, Lebensstile und Konsumentenverhalten
(1998)
How to Become a Forgotten Intellectual: Intellectual Movements and the Rise and Fall of Erich Fromm
(1998)
Most reputation studies focus on canonized intellectuals, scholars, and artists. With few exceptions, there has been little detailed examination of the sociological dynamics involved in exclusion. Examined here are the ideas and reputation history of the German psychoanalyst and sociologist Erich FROMM, expanding the repu-tation model outlined by Michele Lamont in >How to Become a Dominant French Intellectual: The Case of Jacques Derrida.< The example of Erich FROMM provides support for a modified version of Lamont's model as well as a level analysis framework. FROMM was a prestigious intellectual in sociology, psychoanalysis, and US intellectual life in the 1940s and 1950s, but since has gone out fashion. Similar macro-, organizational, and microfactors explain both FROMM's decline and Derrida's rise to status after 1965. Emphasis is on the importance of symbolic boundaries within and between psychoanalysis, Marxism, and sociology as factors that both create and damage intellectual reputations.
Frieda Fromm-Reichmann became famous with her intensive psychotherapy of psychotic patients which she developed in Chestnut Lodge where she worked, after having left Nazi Germany, from 1935 until her death in 1957. The paper outlines her life and work in Germany. Studying medicine in Königsberg (East Prussia), she wrote her dissertation about pupillary changes in schizophrenia and worked during World War 1 under the famous neurologist Kurt Goldstein with brain injured soldiers. They both differentiated between somatic and psychic factors in neurologic patients and published articles about neurotraumatology including aphasia. Between 1920 and 1923, she worked in the psychotherapeutic sanatorium Weisser Hirsch in Dresden under J.H. Schultz where she treated neurotic and psychotic patients. In these years, she started her training analysis and her psychoanalytic teaching and publishing. From 1924 to 1933 she led a kosher psychoanalytic sanatorium in Heidelberg, co-founded the Frankfurt Psychoanalytic Society and gave university lectures in psychoanalysis in Frankfurt and Heidelberg. She became a close friend of Georg Groddeck who treated also somatically ill patients with psychoanalysis. — Her great promoters furthered different important attitudes which got very important for Fromm-Reichmann later: Goldstein the natural scientific discipline, Fromm the political view, Groddeck the therapeutic optimism.
In The Life and Work of Sigmund Freud, Volume III, Ernest Jones explained the third wave of dissension as an effect of the progressive mental deterioration of two members of the Committee, who had governed the psychoanalytic movement: Rank and Ferenczi. While in relation to Rank, Jones made a partial recant, in relation to Ferenczi, he did not modify his assertions. Erich Fromm collected various testimonies by witnesses of Ferenczi's last years, all contrasting Jones's assertions, and challenged Jones's manner of writing his-tory. However, since Fromm was himself a dissident, and his witnesses were pupils, relatives or friends of Ferenczi's, they were discarded as >partisans<. The present study aims at reconsidering the question on the basis of many docu-ments, among which the 1958 report of Lajos Levy (Ferenczi's physician) to Anna Freud. The consulted documents do not support Jones's allegation of Ferenczi's insanity. At the same time, they show that Jones's allegation was not a one-man fabrication, but reflected a shared belief. Finally, the author attempts a reading of the possible function of this belief within the psychoanalytic commu-nity. It is pointed out that Ferenczi's emphasis on the analyst as a real person was incompatible with the strict conception of psychoanalysis, based on the theoretical rejection of the affective factors which was becoming dominant around 1957, and it is argued that the narrative of Ferenczi's >falling into insanity< represented an expression of the fear of remaining embroiled in the patient's affective net.
This paper considers the fundamental change introduced by Ferenczi in1919 by proposing the use of countertransference as an instrument. Basically it reconsiders the concept of analytic neutrality; mastery of countertransference is reached through tolerating it, overcoming resistances against it, demanding a very intense involvement of the analyst, as opposed to the image of the surgeon or the mirror. The paper analyzes the implications of this position for psychoanalysis. It places these concepts in the scientific and personal context in which it was written, then follows the later developments of these ideas in Ferenczi’s own work, as well as in that of some other authors, and comments on the effects of these ideas on the psychoanalytic movement. Finally it poses some questions regarding our present use of countertransference in clinical work, with two brief vignettes highlighting these points.
The Ego Structure and the Self-Identity of the Schizophrenic Human and the Task of Psychoanalysis
(1998)
Therapeutic transformation of the otherwise splitting symbiosis, transformation of the self-object into the transitional subject and progressive psychopathology as a preliminary stage to dualisation, communication and rehabilitation are described against the background of the author's 50 years of experience of working with schizophrenic patients. In addition to good social and existential healing, the author stresses the value of the individual sessions for both therapist and patient. The author clarifies the difference between >projective identification< and >partial identification with the suffering of the patient<, the latter demonstrating the strong side of the therapist, who exerts a positive influence, converting schizophrenic symbiosis into therapeutic symbiosis.
Organisation und Charakter. Sozialpsychologische Aspekte zur Analyse von Sekten und Psychogruppen
(1998)
On the basis of a historical survey of Ferenczi's contributions to the concept of countertransference, the author highlights the most important theoretical shifts present in each of his contributions, from Freud's initial formulation in 1910 to the ?Clinical Diary?. Besides pointing to some key concepts and characteristics in Ferenczi's thinking, such as ?the control of the countertransference?, ?The transference-countertransference interaction?, ?the analyst's narcissism?, and in particular the view of countertransference as a useful therapeutic tool in itself rather than as an obstacle for the cure. The author discusses Ferenczi's significant influence on some later analysts, especially on Heimann, Winnicott, Racker and Searles who stood out precisely for, among other reasons, their contributions to the question of countertransference.
Concerning Respect
(1998)
In Freud's perspective the severe clinical phenomena related to repetitioncompulsion depend on death instinct, while according to Ferenczi they depend on severe early traumas provoked by human actions. Concepts and ideas stemming from Ferenczi's posthumous notes seem to be especially relevant for understanding how trauma may result in devastating effects. If a traumatic assault occurs at an early developmental period, which might be described as a ?mimetic period?, causing a displeasure that exceeds the capacity of tolerance of the ego, the ego tries to manage it by a mimetic reproduction of the aggressor's desires. This mimetic reaction leaves an imprint in the subject, which Ferenczi calls >alien transplant<. In line with the idea of an intrusive potential of the environment, Ferenczi also suggests, following Descartes, that the >passions< of the soul are created as a reaction to the suffering inflicted from outside. If we compare Freud's ideas with those of Ferenczi, we find that Ferenczi's concept of >alient transplant< is equivalent to Freud's concept of >death instinct<. In order to make this correspondence apparent, it is suggested to call it >death passion<. This point is illustrated with a clinical vignette.
Attention is called to an. early work co-authored by Bowlby and containing a systematic discussion of aggressiveness which is lacking in his later work. The book also ad-dresses wider issues which were later no longer pursued by Bowlby. A, summary of the book is provided. The relations of various aspects of the book with later work, both of Bowlby and others, are discussed.