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Erich Fromm
(1986)
Paradoxical Transference
(1986)
Schoolchildren’s performance as function of nutritional risks in early life. Typescript, 3 pp.
(1986)
La psichiatria d’urgenza.
(1986)
Traces emerging conceptions of authoritarianism, their transformation, and their fate through the recent history of social psychology. The issue was first formulated by W. Reich (1933 (1946)) in an attempt to combine Freudian and Marxist ideas into an explanation of political developments in Germany. E. FROMM pursued the idea further in the analysis of a questionnaire study of German workers and in his 1941 book Escape from Freedom. Subsequent work by the Frankfurt Institute merged with research at Berkeley and produced The Authoritarian Personality by T. W. Adorno et al. (1950). Initially received enthusiastically, the theory gradually succumbed under the impact of attempts to redirect its political impact and to drain its political meaning. This series of transformations in changing historical contexts points to the need for a better historical understanding of social psychology.
Hypotheses derived from both Erich FROMM and the feminist literature linking sex-role orientation to type of love experienced were tested in a sample of 123 heterosexual dating couples. Factor analysis of questionnaire data identified 5 components of love: romantic dependency, communicative intimacy, physical arousal, respect, and romantic compatibility. Type of love was related to sex-role orientation, with traditional characterized by romantic dependency and romantic compatibility, while nontraditionals emphasized communicative intimacy. Sex differences showed females being more emotionally expressive in their love than males and scoring higher on communicative intimacy.
The great moral problem of today, according to Erich FROMM, is the submission to power. The replacement of dictatorship by democracy and the relieving of internal psychological repression do not make authority disappear, only anonymous. FROMM's distinction between authoritarian and humanist conscience is contrasted with Sigmund Freud's theory of the genesis of the superego: authoritarian conscience emphasizes obedience to external force, the sacrifice of integrity for security, and the feeling of weakness and dependency; humanist conscience is rational and free, making obedience a matter of responsibility to one's self. The evasion mechanisms of authoritarianism, destructiveness, and conformism are described.
Interview with Erich Fromm
(1986)
Hypotheses derived from both Erich FROMM and the feminist literature linking sex-role orientation to type of love experienced were tested in a sample of 123 heterosexual dating couples. Factor analysis of questionnaire data identified 5 components of love: romantic dependency, communicative intimacy, physical arousal, respect, and romantic compatibility. Type of love was related to sex-role orientation, with traditional characterized by romantic dependency and romantic compatibility, while nontraditionals emphasized communicative intimacy. Sex differences showed females being more emotionally expressive in their love than males and scoring higher on communicative intimacy.