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The Wishy-Washy Personality
(1986)
The Wings of Icarus
(1986)
The interpretation of Erich FROMM's work by Herbert Marcuse as essentially conformist in nature is challenged; it is claimed that this view distorts the general tenor and specific content of FROMM's writings. FROMM's rejection of Sigmund Freud's libido theory does not indicate a transition from radical to conformist theories. Instead, it is argued that he developed a consistently critical social psychology, even after rejecting libido theory. FROMM's Marxist social psychology is analyzed, as is Marcuse's critique. Because of Marcuse's criticism, FROMM came to be regarded as a conformist thinker; and Russell Jacoby adopted essentially the same position. In conclusion, it is acknowledged there is some validity to the Marcuse-Jacoby criticism of FROMM's work, but rejecting FROMM as a socially critical thinker is not justified.
Hypotheses derived from both Erich FROMM and the feminist literature linking sex-role orientation to type of love experienced were tested in a sample of 123 heterosexual dating couples. Factor analysis of questionnaire data identified 5 components of love: romantic dependency, communicative intimacy, physical arousal, respect, and romantic compatibility. Type of love was related to sex-role orientation, with traditional characterized by romantic dependency and romantic compatibility, while nontraditionals emphasized communicative intimacy. Sex differences showed females being more emotionally expressive in their love than males and scoring higher on communicative intimacy.
Hypotheses derived from both Erich FROMM and the feminist literature linking sex-role orientation to type of love experienced were tested in a sample of 123 heterosexual dating couples. Factor analysis of questionnaire data identified 5 components of love: romantic dependency, communicative intimacy, physical arousal, respect, and romantic compatibility. Type of love was related to sex-role orientation, with traditional characterized by romantic dependency and romantic compatibility, while nontraditionals emphasized communicative intimacy. Sex differences showed females being more emotionally expressive in their love than males and scoring higher on communicative intimacy.
Hypotheses derived from both Erich FROMM and the feminist literature linking sex-role orientation to type of love experienced were tested in a sample of 123 heterosexual dating couples. Factor analysis of questionnaire data identified 5 components of love: romantic dependency, communicative intimacy, physical arousal, respect, and romantic compatibility. Type of love was related to sex-role orientation, with traditional characterized by romantic dependency and romantic compatibility, while nontraditionals emphasized communicative intimacy. Sex differences showed females being more emotionally expressive in their love than males and scoring higher on communicative intimacy.
The >Other< Breast
(1986)
Symptom and signification
(1986)
Schoolchildren’s performance as function of nutritional risks in early life. Typescript, 3 pp.
(1986)
Paradoxical Transference
(1986)
On First Impressions
(1986)
The trends, convictions, and intellectual influences shared by a variety of psychoanalytic dissidents are elucidated through their individual and collective responses to Sigmund Freud's psychology of religion. This psychology as epitomized in Totem and Taboo (1913) constitutes an Oedipal monism, in which the stages between totemism and Christianity represent increasingly complex derivates of unconscious parricidal fantasies. In The Future of an Illusion (1922), Freud argued that animism represents a defensive measure to minimize anxiety in the face of overpowering and incomprehensible natural forces. Carl Jung, O. Rank, Erich FROMM, and I. Suttie all rejected this reductive strategy of interpretation, arguing that religious beliefs and aspirations may have profound developmental significance. Significantly, they were all influenced, directly or indirectly, by J. J. Bachofen, the Swiss jurist and mythographer, and author of Das Mutterrecht (The Mother Right, 1861). Jung, Rank, FROMM, and Suttie emphasized the role of cultural and historical factors in shaping the individual psyche. Apart from Bachofen's pervasive influence, one way of accounting for their differences with Freud is to see Freudian theory as a psychology that emphasizes biology and treats the contents of consciousness as the surface of a sexual or aggressive character. In contrast, Jung, Rank, FROMM, and Suttie were skeptical about the contents of consciousness, and acknowledged the role of unconscious motivation and conflict in clinical psychopathology and social behavior. At the same time, however, they attempted to rejoin the older, pre-Darwinian philosophical anthropology, in which social, religious, and ethical needs are integral dimensions to a deeper understanding of the human animal.
Introduction
(1986)
Erich Fromm
(1986)