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Recent discussions of the dominant Western character-type have focused on the decline of patriarchal conscience. The author compares Erich FROMM and Paul Tillich on these themes: characteristics of the bourgeois Protestant patriarchal conscience; the significance of its decline; and prescribed paths beyond it. Both regard the bourgeois Protestant type as unstable, needing either a regressive or a progressive solution to isolation. FROMM's progressive solution is humanistic conscience, returning to matriarchy on a higher level. Tillich sees FROMM's >human nature< as abstract; he seeks instead a connection between tradition and criticism, showing that patriarchy becomes self-critical in patriarchal religion. Like FROMM he restores matriarchy in his religion of grace.