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爱德华·阿尔比(1928-2016)是美国戏剧史上颇具影响力的剧作家,同时,作为一位高产的作家,他的戏剧题材十分广泛。阿尔比特别关注人类的生存困境,对人类异化的探索贯穿于他的整个创作生涯。此外,阿尔比尤其关注人与动物的关系,在他的戏剧中有各种各样的动物角色,这些动物角色折射了阿尔比对人类异化这一生存困境的态度及应对方式。本文旨在探讨阿尔比不同时期的戏剧中出现的动物角色与人性异化之间的关系。借助弗洛姆的异化理论,本文将通过对人与他人、人与自我以及人与自然关系的分析,以获得对阿尔比戏剧中反映的人性异化的全面认识。本文由五个章节组成,第一章是本研究的绪论部分,包括研究背景和理论框架。这一章节的重点是通过对阿尔比相关经历、社会背景和他的创作意图以及所受到的哲学思潮的影响,得出阿尔比戏剧中反映的异化现象背后的原因。接下来的三个章节分别对阿尔比不同时期的戏剧所反映的异化问题作了具体分析。第二章是对阿尔比的早期作品《动物园的故事》反映的异化问题的研究。这部作品刻画了一个物质至上、人与人之间只有冷漠和隔阂的社会。生活在这么一个物质社会中的人难以与他人建立真正的联系,只能先尝试跟动物交往作为突破口。第三章论述阿尔比中后期的作品《海景》,这部戏剧揭露了人的自我异化,同时标志着阿尔比对人性异化根源的发现。第四章探讨了阿尔比在21世纪创作的戏剧《山羊,或谁是西尔维亚》,在这个戏剧中阿尔比揭露了人类异化的极端表现,即人与自然的异化。通过对主人公马丁与山羊乱伦而酿成悲剧的分析,可以得知,在这部戏剧中阿尔比表达了他对人与自然的对立以及人类以极端方式重回自然怀抱的隐忧。
基于弗洛姆《爱的艺术》的理论,对弗洛姆的两个观点提出不同看法:一是针对>爱主要是给予不在得取<(Love is primarily giving, not receiving.)的观点反思爱的动机。爱的普遍动机在于得取被爱,这是由人的生存需求和社会本质决定的。被爱是去爱的根本动力,这才有助于人们在爱上积极主动给予。二是针对>博爱是一切爱的基础<(The most fundamental kind of love, which underlies all type of love, is brotherly love.)的观点反思爱的基础。博爱作为所有爱的基础,其非排他性与性爱的排他性存在矛盾。爱的基础不是博爱,而是自爱。一个人必须首先学会自爱,才有能力实现其他形式的爱。以自爱作为爱的起点,不仅有利于培养爱的能力,而且有助于使人走向成熟成就爱,使爱作为人类生存问题的解答具有人道主义和现实实践的双重意义。
Keine Furcht mehr vor der Freiheit. Ein radikaler Humanist: Zum 120. Geburtstag von Erich Fromm
(2020)
Psychotherapists currently find themselves considering the extent to which sociopolitical and economic issues in a globalized world can affect the evolutionary nature of the psychic organizations sustaining the individual. It seems we are mostly witnessing a weakening of the psychic structures that contain and maintain a sufficient and constant level of integration and unity of sense within the individual–world relationship. Patients frequently come into analysis with invalidating states of anxiety, panic attacks, and the explosion of sudden psychotic crises, accompanied by experiences of depersonalization and derealization. What I would like to examine in depth relates to the influence of the trans-subjective in us as psychotherapists, committed to dealing with psychic disorders that involve us as persons emotionally and intellectually present in our times, with a sense of awareness and responsibility. The quality of the treatment depends, among other things, on the effective elaboration of fullness and emptiness that one generates in the resonance emerging from the process of transference and countertransference. The word, the presence, and the absence, physically and mentally, of the psychoanalyst and the patient are recognized as those activators of potential transformation which are an appropriate form of medicine at an analyst’s disposal during the process of changing a pathogenic state.
加缪对孤独的思考是随时间而深入的。《流放与王国》,作为加缪生前出版的最后一部小说,更全面地向读者揭示了加缪的孤独思想。为了理解这一思想在《流放与王国》中的展现,我们将从以下三个方面展开研究。我们首先对加缪在文中阐述的不同形式的孤独进行分析,结合弗洛姆的精神分析理论,我们发现对文中人物而言,孤独问题是普遍存在并且不能避免的。这种孤独来源于主动或被动的自我封闭,它不只存在于个人内心,更会体现在外部社会及其成员关系中。随后,我们将运用主题学和存在主义的相关理论,分析小说中人物对于自身孤独状态的觉醒。他们深受孤独之苦,但同时也正是在孤独中,他们回归了自我,踏上了通往王国之路。最后,我们将从安德烈·孔特-斯蓬维尔所阐述的关于爱的两个概念:éros和Philia入手,探讨加缪针对孤独问题提出的解决之道:团结之爱。我们将看到,在《流放与王国》中,孤独具有着双重性。孤独这一情感在困扰着书中人物的同时,也标志着这些处于困惑迷茫状态中的人们的觉醒。这种双重性也同样存在于孤独与团结的关系之间。主人公们在孤独状态中认识自我,又在与他人的团结友爱中进入属于自己的王国。
石黑一雄用人文精神关怀现代社会中普通个体的生存状态。他的小说描写了他们的孤独与痛苦,展现了在时代巨变中被异化的人性。本文借助弗洛姆的异化理论与人道主义思想,分析石黑一雄作品中存在的人性异化主题。论文由四个部分构成,第一章总结国内外研究现状并指出从人性异化角度对作品进行分析的价值;第二章结合人性异化理论,从个体精神层面、人际关系层面与社会层面具体分析作品中的异化表现;第三章从人的心理动因与社会的环境诱因两个方面,分析异化形成的深层原因,揭示出外在环境激发了人物的内在动机并导致人物走向异化的过程;第四章总结石黑一雄小说中异化的解决方式,指出创伤叙述有助于人物反思自身异化的生存状态,而真正的爱则可以用积极的人际关系克服个人的孤绝感与无助感。结语部分点明石黑一雄异化书写所具有独特人文价值。本文认为石黑一雄的异化书写立足于个人,强调个体以内省与救赎达到与自我的和解,具有人本主义的倾向。
在《基督教的本质》一书中,费尔巴哈对基督教展开了深刻批判。将基督教中神秘的上帝复归于人,把上帝的本质回溯至人的自身的本质。在此之后,费尔巴哈将人的本质定义为>心<或>爱<,使得他把上帝的存在问题仅仅解释成是源于>心<的需求。同时,在上帝与人的关系方面,费尔巴哈也只是将基督教宣扬的人对上帝所具有的依附关系颠倒为上帝对人的依赖关系。在这两个方面,费尔巴哈都没有进行更为深入的探讨,而对这两个问题的进一步阐释可以从以下两个方面进行考察:一方面从青年黑格尔派进行的宗教批判运动出发,就费尔巴哈对基督教的批判进行回溯,简要地勾勒出这一图景。另一方面,借助弗洛姆所发展的精神分析,将费尔巴哈在《基督教的本质》一书中对基督教进行批判时所涉及的上帝的存在及上帝与人的关系的人本学实质问题,置于心理学视域下进行另一维度的阐释,使其实质得以更加明晰的显现。
贝娄作为现代人文主义的发言人,不断在创作中提倡回归浪漫主义时期对人性及心灵的重视。作为一个兼具犹太背景和美国生活经验的作家,贝娄的作品跳脱出了现代文学的主流圈,致力于拯救现代人于困惑和无助之笼。本文认为贝娄与同时代作家不同点为:他在讽刺现代社会的败落之余,将现代人内心的追寻与挣扎刻画得淋漓尽致,且在字里行间暗示美好生活的可能性,引导心灵流浪者回归社会。本文选取其处女作《晃来晃去的人》,并借此作品展示第一代贝娄式英雄约瑟夫的寻找自由之旅:从封锁自己,疏离他人到在追寻自我中多次与他人发生争执,并时而陷入死亡的危机中;因>精神群体<想法的破裂,陷入自我怀疑的困境。本文一方面分析了约瑟夫矛盾曲折的心路历程,揭示其心理转化;另一方面,通过弗洛姆的逃避自由机制阐释约瑟夫无法忍受自由之苦,因此放弃自决并投身军队的逃避行为。结合约瑟夫的经历与弗洛姆的自由理论,从社会学和心理学角度,论述现代人得到自由后不知如何利用,无法忍受自由带来的孤独感,最后只能放弃自由投靠于更强大的存在来消除自主性获得平静。本文通过约瑟夫的>失败的自由追寻之旅<和弗洛姆对自由的心理分析发现,自由问题伴随人类的生存,只有经由充满自主努力和爱的社会互动才能获得>纯粹自由<,达成与社会的和解。否则约瑟夫的故事,也会是大多数现代人的故事。
埃里希·弗洛姆是法兰克福学派的代表人物之一,是著名的社会心理学家、精神分析学家。弗洛姆致力于研究现代人的性格结构及有关心理因素和社会因素相作用的关系,他对二十世纪人类的自由困境进行了深刻的剖析,从个体的不自由状况出发,分析了现代人追求自由又逃离自由的原因,指出人们通过“权威主义”“破坏欲”“机械趋同”三种方式来逃避消极自由,摆脱孤独与无助。他认为需要通过爱和自发性的活动使人们获得力量和安全,实现积极自由,与异化了的“单向度的人”和缺乏自发性的机器人区分开来。从马克思主义的视角来看,弗洛姆的自由是一种理想中的状态和境界,但他过分强调心理因素对人的自由的作用,没有充分肯定物质生产的基本作用,也并未看到私有制是限制人自由的根本原因,忽略了阶级对抗,这使得他在对西方资本主义的态度上和马克思背道而驰。弗洛姆的异化思想具有人本主义抽象性,他期望通过自发活动实现自由的想法具有空想性,他对资本主义的批判具有不彻底性,依靠人类的自发活动和社会变革都不能从根本上解决自由问题。弗洛姆的逃避自由思想对于二十世纪人类文化精神的演进和丰富做出了积极贡献,拓宽了对自由问题的理解,丰富了社会变革的思想,创新了问题研究。
The author proposes viewing mania as a form of defense against the state of depression resulting from >narcissistic overidentification with the depressive object< (i.e., the object in relation to which the depressive state developed), rather than as a periodic rebellion against such an internalized object. An account of the analytic psychotherapy of a clinical case of bipolar depression serves to illustrate this point of view, linked to the author’s specific conception of the dynamics of depression.
In this study we collocate adolescence within a broader and more present-day scenario than has been the case in psychological and psychoanalytic literature in recent years. Our analysis of this evolutionary passage and its malaise includes contextual and other aspects that condition its real development. We consider the features of contemporary Western society and naturally place them within an increasingly planetary vision of the subject, given that the culture pervading the Western world, although complex, appears to be sufficiently uniform with some specific aspects. We propose a contemporary interpretation of the developmental process of the second decade of life and the forms of malaise it can produce. In this respect, two adolescent conditions are emblematic: self-closure and anorexiform eating disorders. These conditions express paradigmatically some characteristics of subjective adolescent malaise.
In the present historical context, migratory flows have acquired a particular political and social relevance by showing a deep imbalance in the globalized world. Those who migrate to wealthy countries due to wars or extreme poverty do not have an identity that can be homogenized; they are aliens, strangers carrying destabilizing life experiences. The meeting between the new idea-content represented by the Stranger and the receiving group-container can therefore have catastrophic consequences. The author’s reflection aims to focus on the significance of the figure of the Stranger and on the condition that might support an integration process, starting from an analogy between the collective dynamics of the social environment and the individual psychical ones as experienced in the psychoanalytic setting.
Grenzgänger haben es oft schwer, da sie sich zwischen den Stühlen einen Platz suchen müssen. Das galt auch für Erich Fromm, heute bekannt als einer der bedeutendsten Humanisten des 20. Jahrhunderts. Seine intellektuelle Biografie bewegt sich zunächst zwischen der Frankfurter Schule und der Psychoanalyse ...
珍妮特·温特森(1959-)是当代英国著名作家,她的作品主题多样,既反应社会现实,又体现其理想追求。>爱<是温特森热衷于在作品中展现的主题,在《橘子不是唯一的水果》(1985),《写在身体上》(1992),以及《守望灯塔》(2004)这三部代表作品中,温特森用其细腻的笔触,哲学性的语言描绘了主人公之间的爱与关怀。但在>爱<的核心叙写之外,温特森也刻画了冷漠,疏离,虚伪的人物个性,同时展现了现代社会发展中的弊病。因此,本文旨在剖析上述三部作品对扭曲的人物,病态的社会的揭露,以及>爱<的艺术呈现,并探求温特森对现代社会中个体精神与生存畸变的洞悉,以及她通过>爱<这一永恒主题对走向救赎的人文主义思考.本论文以上述三部小说为研究对象,以埃里希·弗洛姆的人学思想为理论框架分为五章展开论述。第一章简要介绍温特森其人其文,在梳理文献的基础上提出本文的研究方向并阐释本文的理论框架。第二章重点剖析三部小说中人物的性格特征,指出其>非创发性<定向及其成因,进而揭示出社会中个体的精神畸变。第三章,论述现代社会的弊病使小说人物陷入生存的畸变,并分析其对同时代社会现实的影射意义,进而挖掘温特森对个体生存境况的质问与思考。第四章从>爱<的形式,表现及意义对三部作品中爱的>创发性<特征进行阐释,并探求此种>创发性<的爱与关怀如何能够在困境中走向救赎的彼岸。最后一章对该论文进行简要总结,指出温特以内在精神及外在生存为视角审视了个体在现代社会中的畸变与困境,并从>爱<的角度,以>创发性<的爱为解决之道,给出了自己的哲学思考,进而展现了温特森对生活在现代社会的个体的人文关怀。
The author presents the concept of man in the philosophy of Erich Fromm. The article consists of two parts. In the first part, the author presents how Fromm characterised the existential situation of man; in the second part he describes love as the main factor in the action and development of a human being. Man is part of nature, subjected to the rules of its laws, but he also transcends nature by the ability to use mind. A human subject is aware of his/her limitations and weaknesses with regard to nature. He/she feels lost and lonely in relation to other people and the natural world. Therefore, s/he looks for the frame of orientation and references. This search is the most important existential problem. Love is the solution to all problems of human existence. According to Fromm, man is the subject of love.
Erich Fromm was an internationally renowned social psychologist and philosopher of the twentieth century. In order to analyze the social phenomenon of capitalism, he spent his life trying to combine Marxism with Freudian Psychoanalysis. Fromm hopes to find the master key to realize the spiritual freedom and perfect life of human beings by repeatedly questioning the various realistic dilemmas, conflicts and cultural crises of human existence in the western society. Starting from the realistic dilemma faced by the capitalist society, he introduced Freud’s psychoanalysis theory to the micro level of alienation, formed the theory of alienation with its own characteristics, and enriched the connotation of Marx’s alienation thought. Marx has pointed out clearly that the alienation of real life and the alienation of consciousness constitute two representative areas of alienation in human life. Starting from the most basic practical activity-labor, Marx develops his theory of alienation and discusses the alienation of the external world or real life. Fromm, on the other hand, made a supplementary study on alienation from the perspective of internal concept or subjective consciousness. And through the comprehensive analysis and criticism of the capitalist society, put forward the psychological revolution theory and social reform plan to save the human being and establish a sound society. In modern society, with the continuous development of economy, science and technology, people’s ultimate goal of social development is to better meet their own needs for development, and people’s awareness of increasingly prominent social subject status has been constantly enhanced. But at the same time, human existence also faces many new problems. How to effectively solve the dilemma of human development has become the primary task of contemporary society. Fromm’s theory of alienation actively focuses on the living conditions of human beings, attaches importance to the self-realization and creative development of human beings, and tries to find a way for the sound development of human beings.– Therefore, the study of Fromm’s theory of alienation is undoubtedly of reference significance to solve the survival crisis of modern people. Based on the comprehensive analysis and interpretation of Fromm’s dissimilation theory, this paper, on the basis of clarifying its theoretical connotation, captures its theoretical characteristics and makes a scientific analysis of its achievements and shortcomings. Finally, combining with the background of globalization and the reality of the whole social development, it points out the contemporary value of its theory, especially the practical significance to the development of socialism with Chinese characteristics. [Translation: www.cnki.net, 4/2023]
论文选取在思想政治教育视域下的慎独教育作为研究对象。是对当代教育的一个>纠偏<。慎独教育作为一种优秀的教育传统,在当代受到弱化是一种资源损失。当代思想政治教育面临这样一种困境:在应试教育大环境下,思想政治教育亦成为流于卷面分数、课堂考核为主要评价方式的课程。这样既不利于思想政治教育真正内化于心,亦不利于其教学内容外化于行,思想政治教育需要一场由>教<到>学<的转变。慎独教育的提出,旨在将>学习<还给学生,将>成人<这一教育目标转化为学生的人生目标。论文研究采用文献法,比较法,问题分析法等研究方法。就慎独教育而言,其理论基础贯通中西,这就需要我们对现存资料做大量的基础性工作。论文研究前提是做好文献搜集和整理,努力保证文献的真实性和准确性,在此基础上,尽量采用权威版本,以求更为忠实作者原意,进而能够实现对慎独教育的科学认识。而要准确地把握慎独教育思想及其价值,须在研究慎独教育之过程中,准确把握关于>自我<>自我教育<等概念在中西方思想史、文化史的传承,考察慎独教育内涵需要展开国内外比较研究,找到西方关于自我问题和自我教育问题中与慎独教育相似之处,或是能够为我国慎独教育提供借鉴方法和借鉴内容之处。在本论文的写作过程中,突出问题线索,以点带线,以线带面,从慎独教育的发生前提出发,研究其内涵,逻辑结构,发生机制,以期研究出一套适合我国国情的慎独教育方法论。论文的主要结构包括:慎独教育的理论基础,慎独教育的内涵,慎独教育的结构及在思想政治教育的视域下开展慎独教育的路径研究。慎独教育有着丰富的理论基础,马克思关于人的自由而全面发展理论充分论述了个体应该对其为>人<应做出的奋斗,以及如何处理个体与社会发展的关系;慎独教育有着深厚的传统文化积淀,作为儒家德化传统,>慎独<化育了一代代中华儿女,更加系统化、社会化的>慎独教育<在传承的基础之上致力于使之受众更广、更大众化。同时,西方哲学传统中对>自我<的认识亦对慎独教育理论之构建有十分重要的借鉴意义。弗洛姆作为西方马克思主义的重要代表人物,其构建的人道主义伦理学中将良心定义为内在权威,为慎独教育的重要方法:内省,提供合法性理论基础。思想政治教育本身就有深厚的自我教育内涵,而慎独教育正是一种特殊的自我教育,在思想政治教育视域域下开展慎独教育,有了合法性依据。慎独教育有着丰富的内涵。个体不能孤立于社会而须依赖于社会生存和发展,社会实践使个体获得社会身份和社会认同。但是这使个体容易陷入另一个危机:为获得社会认同而依赖外在权威,反而不利于自我成长。慎独教育之>知己<是对生活环境和个体价值观的全面了解;慎独教育之>内省<是个体以社会主流价值观为参照省察自我的价值观和实践行为,并在复杂多变的社会环境中客观、理性地认识自我、评价自我,并对自我价值观和实践进行修正,进而自我成长;>慎独<是一种自由的自律,是对个体社会性和自我性的平衡,体现在个体于教化中获得自我认识的评判标准,于社会实践中获得成长目标和成长规划,于社会交往中获得社会归属感,于社会评价中获得社会角色和社会定位。从而实现自主成长,自觉成人。论文结论是为解决在思想政治教育视域下开展慎独教育之路径。从个体角度出发,要求个体在社会中认识自我,在社会活动中积极调控自我,坚持独一无二的道德自我并在社会实践中成就独一无二的自我。同时,社会也应为个体之自由自觉发展提供尊重个性,注重社会主流价值观教育,以及民族精神之普及
V. S. Naipaul is widely recognized as one of the most outstanding novelists in the history of English literature. With the multicultural background and unique writing angles, he was awarded Nobel Prize in Literature in 2001. As a representative work in his early time, >A House for Mr. Biswas< provides us with firsthand materials to understand the living dilemmas of the immigrants. In the novel, the cultural estrangement and identity displacement faced by the exiled people are vividly presented through a comical description of the protagonist, Mohun Biswas’s persistent striving for his own >house< under the duel impact of the intrusion of the suzerain culture and the bondage of the tradition. This thesis intends to explore the alienated image of Mr. Biswas and probe into the intrinsic reasons in light of Erich Fromm’s psychological alienation theory. Besides, Naipaul’s affirmative attitude to the question that whether people from the third world can establish their home and realize their identity in suzerains is discussed and revealed in the thesis. The thesis holds that Naipaul, through a detailed depiction of Mohun Biswas’s pursuit of the >house< in his life, endows his rather modest achievement with a heroic dimension, transforming himself into a self-made hero who conquers difficulties and achieves success >through failures<. Compared with escape, an excitement hidden in the engulfing and repulsive world is eventually grasped by Mr. Biswas. He confirms such possibility through his perseverance and struggles. The ending also reflects Naipaul’s own dream of a utopian society that can accommodate self-realization pursued by the immigrants. [English: www.cnki.net, 6/2022]
道德建设是人类精神文明的基础,是一个国家繁荣和兴旺的必由之路。著名的精神分析学家弗洛姆从精神分析方面,展开道德的论述。就人性善恶的问题,弗洛姆更加肯定人理性的能力,认为人们可以通过自己的良善来抑制内心的罪恶,最重要的是要给良善的发展空间,反之,如果人们的良善被遏制,那么他的破坏力就会被激发出来。他指出现代的人之所以困惑、社会之所以会出现各种各样的问题,是因为人类不能真正的认清自我,逃不出>二律背反<的困境,从而不能做一个真正有道德的人。弗洛姆把精神分析层面的东西应用到伦理学当中,对人的本性进行更深层次地剖析,让我们进一步理解和认识自己和人类的道德问题。让我们不要逃避,要努力做一个有道德的人,共同构建一个有道德的社会。
Abstract: In this paper, I discuss Fromm’s theories of individual and social change within the therapeutic context. I don’t know of any psychoanalyst who was able to integrate so-ciological thinking with clinical practice and conceptualization the way Fromm did in the early part of the century. On the surface, these two approaches seem incompatible – at least in their methodologies – yet they complemented each other, as Erich Fromm (1929a; 1944a) and Rainer Funk (2018) have demonstrated so clearly. My presentation today is an exercise in microanalysis rather than a broad theoretical discussion about psychic and social change. I want to show how Fromm’s theoretical framework and clinical experience have shaped my own work. First, I explore Fromm’s originality and discuss ways in which he has been personally marginalized and intellectually isolated as a pseudo-psychoanalyst. Then, I examine the overlap of psychoanalytic approaches as they related to the concept of social Third. Finally, I present fragments of a case to show how Fromm’s theoretical and clinical ideas have influenced my own work.
The authors describe a simple recurrent writing task called the >Two Page Paper Exercise,< designed to enhance candidates’ learning of analytic theory and technique. They set this task in the context of other analytic institutes’ writing programs and show that this exercise is unique. Their educational philosophy is that, as candidates confront multiple perspectives in contemporary psychoanalysis, this writing task develops their ability to conceptualize, reflect on their learning, integrate affect and cognition, and express their ideas to others in written form and in discussion with peers. The candidate group develops cohesion that reduces writing anxiety. As individuals they develop a writing habit that supports the eventual duty to develop the field of psychoanalysis through publishing. The authors present raw data from candidates’ writing for readers to make their own assessment of the usefulness of the task as a measure of candidates’ integration of learning, development of analytic sensibility and synthetic capacity, and communication of experience and ideas to others.
The authors present their design for a clinical teaching exercise to study transformation in psychoanalysis. They chose a completed analysis from which to select the sessions retrospectively so that the clinical review exercise would not influence ongoing analytic process. The co-authors selected three tranches of clinical material, a few years apart, to be presented by the analyst. They studied the material with colleagues in the impressionistic manner of traditional clinical review, and then subjected it to more systematic examination, using a modified application of the Three-Level Model (3-LM) for assessing change. Their prediction was that the use of the 3-LM model could amplify the clinical impressions of the individual analyst and provide a way of being more specific about the changes, if any, that had occurred, and arrive at which theories best explained those changes.
In the light of Philipp Sarasin's work in Darwin und Foucault: Genealogie und Geschichte im Zeitalter der Biologie, the article delineates a genealogically articulated naturally produced culture and a cultured nature and discusses the genealogical implications of a carnal, becoming self in a world that could rightly be justified >as an aesthetical phenomenon.< The article demonstrates the historicity and processual materiality as a conceptual platform for a combination of the notions of experienced carnality and a socially constructed body, demonstrating such a historically embedded carnal body as a binding agent for the >social constructivist< and >biologist< approaches in sciences. Thus, the article builds a framework for the articulation of senseful, processual materiality on the backdrop of a nature-culture continuum via genealogy, suggesting the necessity for change of tone in the communication of human and life sciences via the understanding of a culturally endowed biology.
This article explores the >lack of meaning< in contemporary society as a consequence of Western dualist thought paradigms and ontologies, via Gilles Deleuze’s concept of >reactivenihilism< following the colloquial murder of God. The article then explores processual and new materialist approaches in the understanding of the lived and carnal self, arguing for immanent and senseful materiality as an ethical platform for religious, environmental, and societal solidarity for tomorrow. For the theoretical justification of the processual approach in understanding the enfleshed self, the article employs John Dupré’s processual approach in the philosophy of biology, as well as Astrida Neimani’s critical posthumanism, and contextualizes these considerations with Erich Fromm’s ethical distinction of being and having.
The article explains the importance of forming identity for the psychological and spiritual development of an individual. The author notes that the role of folk culture in the formation of national identity in modern society has diminished, and it analyzes the socio-psychological conditions in which the specific role of folk culture can be restored: modern economic and socio-cultural activities of new cultural functions; acquisition by assimilation by species; creation of favorable environment, including information environment; unifying the community around the main objectives of the educational process; to look for new educational practices and to consider cultural and historical psychology. Indeed, >one of the worst forms of psychological suffering is boredom, not knowing what to do with yourself and your life<, concluded Fromm. The consequences of the state not formed by individuals or the loss of identity become a crisis of national identity, which is a prerequisite for the loss of national sovereignty (national self-consciousness). Problem researchers tell us that the >living< of our native culture, the deep emotional connection with it, and the understanding of the meanings of it, are made by the individual, the customs, values, special forms of cultural, historical, social and spiritual life of the motherland. Book publishing centers, Russian culture of all nations, etc. Their self-awareness in difficult financial conditions made people think not only about survival, but also to adopt a language and culture that was alien to them.
A Frommian perspective on the socio-psychological structure of post-fascism in liberal democracies
(2020)
My research explores Erich Fromm’s social theories of narcissism, alienation and authoritarianism for the purpose of linking those theories together, thereby analysing current populist phenomena as an extension of a fascist development in terms of Enzo Traverso’s conception of post-fascism. In my view, Fromm’s critical social theory of narcissism, which pertains to his two other theories, has great potential to unravel current political issues in liberal democracies that are generally tackled in terms of populism. Through a demonstration of the theoretical scope of Fromm’s social theory, which sheds light on pathological social and political phenomena in historical continuity, I argue that the primary tasks of Critical Theory in Frommian terms are to divulge the sources of fascist orientations in seemingly democratic practice and to offer appropriate remedies for these difficulties. In this light, I conclude that in terms of a Frommian social theory of narcissism, fascist types of politics thrive even in advanced liberal-democratic countries, taking the form of authoritarian populism, particularly where society rests on a narcissistic character structure intertwined with an authoritarian orientation.
In this paper, we will analyze the dynamic and relational drivers behind the choice to embark on a therapy via Skype. The fear of relationships could be the origin of this choice. Can Skype be a means by which the patient’s difficulties manifest themselves? We suggest that this is possible, and we will use the case of Matilde to show it. Matilde uses relationships to see herself, as she is unable to do this alone. She tries to find herself through others and the virtual world. She prefers to skip a session because the therapist’s webcam is not working rather than having the session without them seeing each other. Can we speculate that Matilde feels lost when she is in contact with herself without an other’s mediation? What are her fears? In this case, has Skype helped or slowed down the process? How would her borderline emptiness manifest itself in a traditional session? And what does it mean to live in the virtual world for a patient who tries to find herself through others? We will try to answer all of these questions, thinking about the functionality that technology has for some patients, for the therapist, and for the therapeutic process.
Relacionado con la historia de la arquitectura mexicana del siglo XX, este artículo expone y entrelaza la trayectoria del psicoanalista Erich Fromm y el cineasta Luis Buñuel con los arquitectos Arturo Sáenz de la Calzada y Oscar Coll Alas, quienes fueron los encargados de crear los hogares de estas figuras en México. Se explora el proceso de diáspora de los personajes y su exilio en tierras mexicanas, así como el momento y circunstancias de encuentro, sus preconcepciones en el ámbito arquitectónico, las características de las construcciones que diseñaron, construyeron y habitaron para finalmente entrelazar su propuesta teórica o estética con los hogares elegidos. Palabras clave: exilio español en México, arquitectos del exilio, casas del exilio, arquitectura mexicana del siglo XX.