The article discusses some moral aspects of the conceptions of A. Maslow, C. Rogers, S. Jourard, R. May, and other representatives of humanistic psychology. The relations between human nature and >good< and >evil<, autonomy of mature morality, personal freedom and responsibility, conscience and guilt, moral determinants of interpersonal relations are the major problems under analysis. The author also presents some basic objections made against the moral formulations stated in humanistic psychology.
Auf der Basis von eigenen Erfahrungen werden Schwerpunkte der Beratungslehrertätigkeit erörtert. Dabei wird insbesondere auf Einzel-, Gruppen- und Schullaufbahnberatung sowie auf diagnostische Aufgaben eingegangen. Die für die Beratungspraxis notwendigen theoretischen Basismodelle werden kritisch dargestellt, so etwa Kommunikationstheorie, kooperative Verhaltensmodifikation und humanistische Psychologie. Anschliessend wird unter Rückgriff auf das Werk von Erich FROMM und vor allem auf seine Bedürfnistheorie und seine Charaktertheorie deutlich gemacht, dass die therapeutische Kommunikation in der Beratungssituation auf produktivem Verbalisieren und therapeutischer Liebe basiert. Ausserdem wird FROMMs Modell des Gesellschaftscharakters auf die Analyse von Übertragungs-Gegenübertragungsprozessen in Beratungssituationen angewendet.
弗洛姆是著名的精神分析学家、>新弗洛依德主义<的创始人、法兰克福学派的主要代表人物。他面对西方资本主义社会的深刻危机和非人道化过程的加剧,以异化作为揭露批判其罪恶和病态的核心范畴。因为异化>触及了现代人最本质的东西。<同时,他接受了法兰克福学派理论家马尔库塞的<人的总体异化论>观点,提出了他的总体异化论。本文试对他的这一理论作一点探讨。一在弗洛姆看来,无论是>青年<马克思,还是>老年<马克思,异化范畴在其思想中一直占据着>中心地位<。他对马克思在《1844年经济学--哲学手稿》中用劳动异化的四种表现来揭示资本主义社会的不合理现实是肯定的。他认为,>马克思不仅注意到了同自己的劳动产品的异化,还注
Zeitpräferenz und Delegation
(1995)
The Psychoanalytic Foundations of a Dialectical Approach to the Victim/Victimizer Relationship
(1995)
La travesía de la peste
(1995)
Psychoanalysis and Empirical Research: The Example of Patients Who Lack Psychological Mindedness
(1995)
Einleitung
(1995)
>Femininity and Biophilia: The Role of the Feminine in Frommian Socialpsychology<: In view of the crisis-proneness that is such a feature of today’s relations between the sexes and, also, the break-up of traditional family structures, the >gender question< is a particularly urgent one. Fromm’s various contributions to this topic are gathered together in Liebe, Sexualität und Matriarchat [= Love, Sexuality and Matriarchy], which was published early in 1994. Fromm attributed to the productive dissolution of primary bonds – the maternal and paternal bonds – a leading role in productive characterological development. The nature and mode of male-female relations in later life is heavily dependent on this occurring. Male-female transactions, as Fromm sees them, are specified by the matriarchal and patriarchal social structures as well as the dominant social-characterological orientations. Ever since the origins of patriarchy, ostensively biology-rooted gender differences – which Fromm saw as being essentially social in nature – have been misused in the interests of shoring up male rule. The current crisis our system finds itself in at all levels is an expression of the crisis of patriarchy, which has always kept down female identity and strength – nor have the great religions been spared its influence either. For in Christianity too, especially in the Protestant variant, specifically feminine values were always denied an outlet. By taking a hard look at Bachofen and his analysis of matriarchal cultures, at Freud and his deep roots in the patriarchal order, at the Old Testament and the Babylonian myths of creation – with their images of gods and goddesses – Fromm brings out the social constraints at work in forming male and female identity. Only when contemporary society succeeds in divesting itself of its lack of female identity models, of matriarchal values, can a conciliatory integration of male and female principles take place – only then can biophilia and the productive character be helped into life.
This article locates self psychology within the context of the evolving paradigm for psychoanalysis that the author calls intersubjectivity theory. It is argued that Kohut contributed significantly to the new paradigm but stopped short of fully embracing it. Self psychology and intersubjectivity theory are compared and contrasted, and an intersubjective view is offered of the patient's transference, the analyst's transference, and the system created by their reciprocal interaction.