The term psychotic crisis should be understood not only as an acute psychopathological syndrome occurring in the whole spectrum of psychoses, but also as a crisis that may occur in a healed patient facing difficulties in everyday life, or as a sudden change in a long and monotonous psychotherapy. The therapeutical duty often consists in >teaching<the patient to forget the urgency of the situation, as a condition for a serious work on himself. >Urgent intervention<by the therapist should be differentiated from >direct intervention<. The former requires abandoning of the classical setting of verbal encounter, whereas >direct interventions< even if urgent and different from the usual psychoanalytic interventions, do not imply a change in the setting. I use this method only with psychotic patients in a situation of crisis. It implies >progressive overturnings< i.e. changing the situation of the patient in a positive direction by images arising from our therapeutic unconscious as a >projection< of the therapeutical imago. Usually they are verbal, but here I will show graphic and what I call >transforming< images. The >overturnings< are here summarized as 1. The overturning of autism into a one-to-one relationship 2. the overturning of repression into integration 3. the overturning of the destructive splitting into individuation.
Woman as Other
(1993)
Semiological Prospects
(1993)
Presents a case study of a 30-yr-old man treated for narcissistic personality disorder and attempts to show how further contributions to an alternative approach to psychoanalysis can come from E. FROMM. FROMMian themes are all present in the case in varying degrees. It is suggested that the 2 main features of this case (narcissism and homosexuality) were the outcome of a pathological symbiosis with both parents. Eight themes, drawn both from FROMM's published works and from his unpublished writings, are stressed, including benign vs malignant aggression, having vs being, homosexual and incestuous symbiosis, and secret family narcissism.
Attachment theory, as developed by Bowlby, and empirical research derived from it, beginning with Ainsworth's >Strange Situation< and the correlated home observations, are described. The studies of the transgenerational transmission of patterns and of the internal working models of the relationship, as well as longitudinal studies, are reported. The main focus of the paper is on cross-cultural studies, carried out in Germany, Israel and Japan. In North Germany, as compared to the U. S., there was a higher frequency of avoidant behavior in babies. This finding has been linked with the cultural demand for premature self-reliance. It is suggested that in the avoidant North German children we see the early ontogeny of the authoritarian character.
Attachment theory, as developed by Bowlby, and empirical research derived from it, beginning with Ainsworth's >Strange Situation< and the correlated home observations, are described. The studies of the transgenerational transmission of patterns and of the internal working models of the relationship, as well as longitudinal studies, are reported. The main focus of the paper is on cross-cultural studies, carried out in Germany, Israel and Japan. In North Germany, as compared to the U. S., there was a higher frequency of avoidant behavior in babies. This finding has been linked with the cultural demand for premature self-reliance. It is suggested that in the avoidant North German children we see the early ontogeny of the authoritarian character.
>Dati empirici sull'ontogenesi del carattere sociale tedesco e confronti transculturali<: Vengono descritte la teoria dell'attaccamento, così come è stata sviluppata da Bowlby, e la ricerca empirica che ne è derivata, a cominciare dalla Strange Situation della Ainsworth e dalle osservazioni in casa ad essa correlate. Vengono pure riferiti gli studi sulla trasmissione transgenerazionale, sui modelli di lavoro interni e gli studi longitudinali. L'argomento principale del lavoro è costituito dagli studi transculturali condotti in Germania, Israele e Giappone. Nella Germania settentrionale, in confronto agli Stati Uniti, venne trovata una frequenza maggiore di comportamenti evitanti nei bambini. Questo dato è stato correlato con la richiesta culturale di una prematura fiducia in sé. Si suggerisce che nei bambini evitanti della Germania settentrionale noi vediamo l'ontogenesi precoce del carattere autoritario.
Although Theodor W. Adorno, Else Frenkel-Brunswick, Daniel J. Levinson, and R. Nevitt Stanford promised to later review the theoretical contributions that guided their work when they published The Authoritarian Personality in 1950, this was never done. Nor have any of the 1,200+ subsequent studies on authoritarianism focused explicitly on the theoretical ideas that resulted in the nine subsyndromes introduced in the original study: conventionalism, authoritarian submission, authoritarian aggression, antiintraception, superstition and stereotype, power and toughness, destructiveness and cynicism, projectivity, and concern with sex. Assessed here, therefore, are the theoretical and methodological contributions that were eventually incorporated into the classical conception of authoritarianism, particularly those of Erich FROMM, who had been working on a similar concept since the late 1920s.
The Afrocentric Idea
(1993)
The process of healing in psychoanalysis is considered from a holistic point of view instead of the usual scientific and medical models. The revolution in thinking represented by the sciences of complexity is discussed as a basis for a holistic concept of healing. An example is given of clinical change achieved by non-psychoanalytic means in order to suggest new ways of thinking about how healing occurs in psychotherapy.
The New Mestiza
(1993)
Why Theory?
(1993)
L’arte di vivere
(1993)
De l’art de vivre
(1993)
Von der Kunst des Lebens
(1993)
On the Art of Living
(1993)
On the Art of Living
(1993)