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To introduce an archival protocol of a >Debate about methods in the social sciences, especially the conception of social science method represented by the Institute<, held on 17 January 1941 at the Institute of Social Research in New York, the article focuses on certain conflicts in substance and terms of discourse among members of the Institute, with special emphasis on Franz Neumann’s distinctive approaches, notwithstanding his professed loyalty to Max Horkheimer’s theory. These are seen to arise not only from Neumann’s assignment as bargaining agent for the Institute and his distinctive relations with American colleagues, but also from their different orientations to the conflicted legacies of Weimar.
The nature of the psychopathology of individuals with eating disorders always requires special understanding. In the case presented in this article, the psychodynamics of the patient's bulimia needed to be thought in relation to her mother's anorexia and the transgenerational transmission of her unmourned trauma. The article will focus on the pathological vampiric tie between mother and daughter, whose bulimia served to saturate the maternal void left by the traumatic losses, actualizing the illusion of their union through a common erotogenic zone, the belly. Special emphasis will be given to the powerful phenomena of bodily countertransference experienced by the analyst, who had to contain the patient's massive projections into her own body and to work through the raw inner tensions and sensations in order to create an intermediate space of thinking between them.
본 논문은 인간의 성숙에 관한 기독교상담학적 연구로서, 정신분석 및 인본주의 심리학적 관점을 중심으로 살펴보았다. 연구자는 긍정심리학의 태동 이전부터 자기실현적 입장을 지닌 상담심리학 분야의 연구자들은 성숙한 인간의 특성을 밝히기 위해 노력해왔음을 밝혔다. 연구자는 프로이트가 성숙한 인간상으로서의 욕망의 절제를 설명하고 있는 성격의 삼원구조이론(tripartite theory of personality), 프롬의 성숙한 인간상으로서의 >생산적 인간(productive person)< 에릭슨의 인간의 근원적 힘으로서의 >덕(virtue)<을 살펴보았다. 그 후에 인본주의 심리학적 관점에서 올포트(G. Allport)의 건강한 성격으로서의 >성숙한 인격(mature person)<, 매슬로우(A. Maslow)의 성숙한 인간으로서의 >자기실현적 인간(self-actualizing person)<에 관해 살펴보았다. 그 후에 기독교상담적 측면에서 성숙에 대한 성서적 관점, 긍정적인 자기변화의 성숙을 위한 >희망(hope)<에 대해 살펴보았다. 특히 우리는 성숙에 관한 심리학을 기독교 전통에서 고찰하면서 성숙의 의미가 성서적 전통에 깊이 뿌리내리고 있음을 확인하였으며, 개인의 성숙을 위해 지속적으로 신앙 안에서 돌보는 자와의 관계 안에서 희망함이 절대적으로 필요하다는 점을 지적하였다. 연구자는 본 논문을 마무리 하면서, 인간의 성숙에 관한 일반상담심리학적 연구의 필요성을 제기하고 동시에 기독교상담학적 관점에서 평가하였다. 특히 기독교상담자들은 지속적이고 긍정적인 변화는 성령의 능력과 인도를 통하여 온다는 것을 인식하기에 기독교상담학적 관점에서 앞으로 다루어야 과제의 필요성을 제시하였다.
The Commission to Inquire into Child Abuse found that members of Catholic congregations in Ireland abused children in institutions which they ran on behalf of the State for much of the 20th century. Drawing from Erich Fromm’s moral psychology, it is argued that members took out the suppression of their individual freedom in hostility towards the children and themselves through forms of submissive and authoritarian behaviour. This is seen as one probable explanation which affected some members. The reason members suppressed their freedom was to find psychological security through embracing a Catholic theology which emphasised self-abnegation. Poor economic and social conditions are also seen as factors which contributed to members not developing a healthy relation to their own freedom. The article concludes that those who work in caring professions need to have security in their own freedom.
Ach, wenn's uns doch gruselte. Angstverleugnung in Zeiten der Krise. Ein Beitrag zur Diskussion.
(2012)
In his paper, the author considers >the humans’ love of themselves, of their perfection and self-preservation.< He shares Al-Ghazali’s postulate >humans love the eternity of their being< and highlights the presence of this idea in the doctrine of Christianity, in the conceptions of Ludwig Feuerbach (1804–1872) and Erich Fromm (1900–1980).
Through a historical survey of the psychoanalytical reflection on depression the author shows how, after the first works by Freud and Abraham on the topic, it has developed (at least at an implicit level) according to two basic explanatory orientations. By separative orientation, the therapeutic evolution of depression aims at the substantial abandonment of the investment (already impaired by affective ambivalence) in certain objects, or their internal representatives/derivatives, having high narcissistic value. According to restorative orientation, the overcoming of depression is connected, instead, to the possibility of maintaining or re-establishing that investment, at least at a level of internal derivatives. By referring to one of his clinical treatments, the author underlines the greater significance of the separative orientation, together with the necessity of considering the restorative dimension only as a partial and secondary function of the therapeutic dynamic of depression.
Health is a subject of reflection of many sciences: medical, social, and economic. It is a very difficult category to define, because it is multifaceted, multi-dimensional. Undoubtedly it is a value, which on the one hand, it may become aim of human activity (in this sense, health is the value of autotelic, that is valued for its own sake), on the other hand, health can be regarded as a value by which a person can function well into old age, deriving satisfaction from life and pursue differ-ent priorities in life (instrumental value).
Health is a fundamental right of every man, and also a kind of social capital, because only healthy people can produce a variety of good material and cultural progress. Therefore extremely urgent task for modern education is for health education. Health and disease issues are often undertaken by living in the twentieth century American psychologist and philosopher of German origin – Erich Fromm, who was looking for recipes for >healthy society<. The aim of this paper is to present the biomedical and holistic model of health and illness, and then on this back-ground scratching E. Fromm views on human nature and determinants of health condition. The article will take a reflection on the meaning of love in the process of caring for terminally ill people, which Erich Fromm considered the fundamental question of human existence.
Apreciação sobre o desenvolvimento histórico dos conceitos psicanalíticos da clínica humanista
(2012)
Apresentação
(2012)