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Czlowiek pozbawiony
(2002)
The aim of this article was presentation the Fromm’s concept of person, person, who is involved to dichotomy of human subsistence. Person live, sometime it lived according to nature, there was part, however, in course of evolution, mental authorities have spread out at it. Person gaining consciousness, it has broken attachment of junction it with nature same. Fear has appeared and sense of alienation. Person has become free, but same very solitary. In purpose of killing existential solitude, person resorts to rate interpersonal. Correct, according to Fromm’s conception, rate is love, however the most often chosen rate is authoritarism, destruction and mechanical conformism. Dichotomies of person incline for choice among life or death, existence or property. Correct orientation, inherent restless being, is existence and life, other postures are secondary in accordance with they and if they are in balance, it lives according to nature person.
The conception of love in the Erich Fromm´s research tries to explain love from the point of view of his personality and through his work called The Art of Loving. The subject of this bachelor thesis is the Fromm´ s conception of the love compared to psychological and sociobiological explanations. Erich Fromm (1900-1980) received PhD in psychology from the University of Heidelberg in 1922. He worked with the Marx´s social concepts which he linked up with the psychological findings taken from Freud. The acquired knowledge was then applied to Fromm´s research of love. According to Fromm, love has many different images from the mother love, brother love, erotic love, self-love to the love to God. In the following chapters, the same analogical explanations of love are explained but from the sociobiological and psychological point of views. The sociobiology is science that supposes that the man was born to the world because his selfish genes wanted to. The only task the man has in his being is to pass on his genes to the next generation. Thus the categories of love are presented from this point of view. It is totally understandable that many people refuse the idea of just passing on the genes to the next generation as the only goal of their beings. The conception of love from the sociobiological point of view differs a lot from the Fromm´s understanding of love. However, the psychological views are shades into the Fromm´s views as it is influenced by his psychological education. Psychological conception of love describes the love according to the today´s psychologist views. There are three main views of love described in the bachelor thesis. It is not possible to decide if one is better than the other one. Psychology describes love as an emotional relationship which is characterized by the wide emotionality. On the contrary the sociobiology is science that lacks the emotions and its views is influenced by the evolution and biology. Although the impact of psychology is significant in Fromm´s works the sociology can also be identified. Each of the conceptions of love – Fromm´s, sociobiological or psychological prefers its own approach.
Artykuł ma na celu analizę wybranych spektakli Angéliki Liddell, współczesnej hiszpańskiej dramaturżki, reżyserki i aktorki teatralnej poprzez teorię psychoanalityczną Ericha Fromma. Głównym konceptem, który wydaje się być kluczowy dla dogłębnego zrozumienia wymowy Liddellowskich sztuk, jest koncept nekrofilii, czyli umiłowania zniszczenia, śmierci i rozkładu, w przeciwieństwie do biofilii, orientacji życiowej nakierowanej na wzrost i syntezę. Sztuką, która jest rozpatrywana szczególnie dogłębnie pod kątem charakteru nekrofilijnego jest >Rok Ryszarda<, wystawiona w 2005 roku wariacja na temat >Króla Ryszarda III< Szekspira. Motywy, jakie pojawiają się w tym przedstawieniu, będą powracały w kolejnych tekstach wychodzących spod pióra Liddell, takich jak >Co zrobię z tym mieczem? Wokół problemu Prawa i Piękna< czy „Liebestod – zapach krwi stoi mi wciąż przed oczami – Juan Belmonte<. We wszystkich tych sztukach znajdziemy centralną figurę, która na skutek fizycznej deformacji wykluczona jest ze świata miłości, a więc skazana na samotność. Samotność ta wywołuje ogromny lęk i agresję, która popycha bohatera do wejścia ze światem w więź sadystyczną, bazującą na kontroli. Jednak jak zauważyła Simone Weil, najdoskonalszym przejawem siły, najpełniejszą formą kontroli jest zabicie obiektu, toteż ostatecznie bohaterowie Liddell pławią się w krwi, zaś ona sama próbuje przedstawić widzowi akty najbardziej odrażającej przemocy jako rytuały, które mogą nam pomóc w odnalezieniu trascendencji. Jej pesymistyczna i z punktu widzenia psychologicznego wypaczona koncepcja miłości, wedle której zawsze ostatecznie zabija się to, co się kocha, stoi w jaskrawej sprzeczności z biofilijną etyką Fromma, dla którego, jak przytaczamy w artykule, miłość do troska, odpowiedzialność poszanowanie i poznanie. Ostatecznie w artykule podkreśla się psychopatologiczny charakter Liddellowskiej ideologii, zwracając uwagę na konieczność oceny dzieła sztuki nie tylko przez pryzmat estetyki, ale także etyki, społecznego wpływu dzieła.
Einleitung
(1977)
The aim of my paper is to introduce individual theories of aggression, which are divided according to the factors having influence on human aggressive behaviour and acting. Basically, the literature is chosen from the works of Erich Fromm, Sigmund Freud and Konrad Lorenz. This choice enabled to divide the issue into three basic areas, that is: biological, psychological and philosophical ones. All three areas are elaborated further by the issue of the child aggression origin, in subchapters. The impact of aggression on society is also emphasized by Hannah Arendt, who is trying to specify roots of social aggression, and is looking for individual and social responsibility for aggression. The theory, derived from those researches plus from subsequent modern psychological concept, attempts to reveal causes of aggression. Easier understanding of aggression causes would enable to influence or eliminate factors causing/strengthening aggression, either caused by society or by ourselves. Such understanding is the aim of all scientists, who sacrificed their lives to research of aggression, a phenomenon so dangerous for human beings.
The author presents the concept of man in the philosophy of Erich Fromm. The article consists of two parts. In the first part, the author presents how Fromm characterised the existential situation of man; in the second part he describes love as the main factor in the action and development of a human being. Man is part of nature, subjected to the rules of its laws, but he also transcends nature by the ability to use mind. A human subject is aware of his/her limitations and weaknesses with regard to nature. He/she feels lost and lonely in relation to other people and the natural world. Therefore, s/he looks for the frame of orientation and references. This search is the most important existential problem. Love is the solution to all problems of human existence. According to Fromm, man is the subject of love.
The article focuses on the analysis of chosen fragments of Erich Fromm concerning his utopia of a healthy society based on a specific cathegory of >be<. The presented problematics is built on widely understood socio-cultural conditions which had a great impact on philosopher’s works towards creation of the Utopian vision of the Better World, free from all sorts of totalitarian ideological extremism and paradoxes used in practice.
Kompensacyjna funkcja snu
(2002)
Czlowiek wsród ludzi
(1992)
Przedmowa [Preface]
(2012)
Erich Fromm (1900 – 1980)
(2012)
Erich Fromm in his short book >The Art of Loving< presents love as an attitude and feeling that can be learned. Love in Fromm's terms is beyond the scope of interest sexologists, is an attitude combining the ability to learn a second, respect for him and concern for his welfare. Love is not a recipe for a happy sex life but the essence of the attitude in which it is a centre place for the most subtle and for healthy human development kind of relationship. There is no health without mental health and full of expression capabilities inherent in the unit without the feeling of love. It is an expression of the full development of personality.
Praca ma na celu porównanie koncepcji filozoficznych Ericha Fromma i Michela Foucaulta. W szczególności, rozważana jest w niej refleksja obu myślicieli nad XX-wiecznymi totalitaryzmami, ich stosunek do teo¬rii Marksa i Freuda oraz problem ujęcia historii w ich pracach. Z analizy tej wyłaniają się dwie odmienne hermeneutyki w ramach teorii krytycz¬nej. Jedna nakierowana na emancypację w imię materialistycznej na¬tury ludzkiej (Fromm), druga natomiast na emancypację od >człowieka< (Foucault). Pomimo iż obie koncepcje są odmienne, nie są przeciwstaw¬ne. Filozofia Fromma pozwala dostrzec ograniczenia filozofii Foucaulta i odwrotnie.
Fromm's approach to mental health is based on the neurophysiology principle that the brain has an innate tendency to preserve life. This principle implies a basic condition of psychic health: the concomitant of the process of life itself respect for life, that of others as one's own. According to Fromm, this universal criterion of mental health, inextricably linked to ethical issues, gives a satisfactory solution to the problem of human existence.