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Psychoanalysis as a vocation
(1999)
In this centenary of Freud's The Interpretation of Dreams it is important to revisit this classic, to discuss why it is a classic, to consider what has been learned since its publication, and to discuss what changes in our understanding of dreams and dreaming are called for. To this end, we briefly discuss some of the main themes of the book. Then we review both changes in psychoanalytic thinking and theory and the results of many studies made possible by the discovery of the electro-encephalographic changes that occur during sleep and their relevance for understanding dreams and their function. We suspect that Freud would have been delighted to know about this explosion of information about the physiology of dreaming. With this in mind, we consider the need for modification of some of Freud's theories while noting that his basic contribution, that dreams are meaningful and understandable, has been amply confirmed. We then discuss these observations in relation to how we approach working with dreams.
Stoller proposes two fundamentally contradictory conceptions of core gender identity. This paper urges that we accept the first, a relational conception: Core gender identity develops in the context of unambiguous sex ascription at birth and the virtually infinite number of daily infant-parent interactions permeated by all the conscious and unconscious meanings the child's gender has for its parents. The implications of this conception are explored in four contexts. The first shows that a recent case of sex reassignment, purporting to demonstrate a neurological base for gender experience, does not do so. The second argues that children's core gender identities as >girls< or >boys< are as diverse as the meanings that their genders have had for their interaction partners (usually the parents). The third emphasizes the priority of infant-parent interactions in core gender identity development and in the gendered meanings that children's genitals have for them. The fourth argues for the rejection of the >disidentification< hypothesis rooted in Stoller's second and unsupported conception of core gender identity and in Mahler's conception of separation?individuation, which might usefully be replaced by Lyons-Ruth's conception of attachment-individuation.
The analyst's >Bad-analyst feelings<: A counterpart to the process of resolving implosive defenses.
(1999)
Recent contributions to the psychoanalytic literature suggest that the classical focus on psychosexuaiity has been lost. This charge is both wrong and right. After briefly surveying the evolution of psychoanalytic thinking on sexuality and reviewing the concept of libido, this essay retrieves the word Lust from the footnotes to which Freud consigned it and remodels it into a new idea. The proposition is put forth that a postclassical theory of sex compatible with contemporary clinical and theoretical practice can emerge once sexuality is rethought in the ambiguous, potential space between Lust and libido.
The analyst's identification with his or her profession and its ethos may profoundly influence the patient's treatment in subtle and less subtle ways. A particularly noteworthy instance of this is the impact of the patient's knowing that he or she is the subject of the analyst's writings. I present illustrative material from a patient in intensive psychotherapy who had pronounced reactions, especially evident in her dream imagery, to my having written about her. This material and the issues it highlights are discussed from the vantage point of the analyst's professional self and psychoanalytic discourse, which together constitute a >third< dimension vis-à-vis the therapeutic relationship. I consider what a Lacan-inspired perspective (Muller, 1996) might contribute to a relational understanding of the impact of the analyst's professional aspect.
Post-Jungian Dialogues
(1999)
Passionate Love
(1999)
This paper addresses the gender of the analyst as an important factor in the shaping of the analytic experience. Specifically, it focuses on the notion that female analysts bring something different from what male analysts bring to the analytic dyad and that this influences and shapes the analysts’ translation of the patients’ experience – determining treatment course and therapeutic enactments. It begins with the idea that, for some men, working with a female analyst may ease the processing and metabolization of their aggression – allowing for a (re) integration of it with their sexuality and desire. The clinical material of a male analysand who sought treatment from a woman analyst is used to explore this idea within a post-Lacanian framework incorporating Kristeva's work on the maternal chora, the imaginary father or third, and the journey that the infant must make from the real to the symbolic, from biology to desire.
Is There a Future in Disillusion? Constructionist and Deconstructionist Approaches in Psychoanalysis
(1999)
Playing with boundaries.
(1999)
On intimacy between men
(1999)
In this essay, I argue that it is in the very process of establishing a personal relationship to psychoanalytic theory and to the profession that one becomes a psychoanalyst. If our identities as psychoanalysts are established through our relationships to the psychoanalytic community, and to the values and ideals established by this society and embodied in its theories and practices, then psychoanalysis itself functions as the Third to analysts’ dyadic relationships with their patients. Although contemporary psychoanalysis emphasizes the subjective, the intersubjective, and the unique relational matrix, the view presented here of the psychoanalytic relationship as always existing within the context of the psychoanalytic community and its history provides a context that allows us to place some (relatively objective) constraints on what we mean by psychoanalysis, and these restrictions are imposed not only by the individuals directly involved (subjectively) but by a wider set of forces, including not only contemporary influences, but the voices of history and tradition as well. Idiosyncratic, personal, and subjective factors (the romantic vision of psychoanalysis) must be continually counterbalanced by more general, objective, and impersonal considerations (a classicist vision), and, among the analyst's many professional responsibilities, one is to manage the polar tension between these forces. The analyst's only hope in managing this tension comes from the very fact that he or she can rely on the sustaining background of professional allegiances to theory and community, psychoanalytic values and beliefs. The exploration of a clinical vignette from the perspective of three different supervisors illustrates how the theoretical and the technical form a complex system of mutual influence with the personal, the subjective, and the intersubjective and how, in the teaching and practice of psychoanalysis, these factors need to be considered together as functioning in complex and often elusive ways.
Intelligenza emotiva e cervello emotivo: punti di convergenza e implicazioni per la psicoanalisi
(1999)
WPA Series (Evidence and Experience in Psychiatry. Vol 2. Schizophrenia. Chichester (Wiley) 1999.
(1999)
Mother Nature. Natural Selection and the Female of the Species. London (Chatto and Windus) 1999.
(1999)
Handbook of Attachment. Theory, Research and Clinical Applications. New York (Guilford) 1999.
(1999)