Bridging psychoanalysis and literature, the present paper links literary depiction of traumatic terror with our own learning from psychoanalytic experience. It identifies psychodynamic understanding at two levels: (1) at the descriptive level of traumatic experience; and (2) at the specific level of working-through. Beginning with traumatic descriptions in ancient Western accounts, represented in the Biblical book of Lamentations and by Sophocles, the paper focuses on the dynamic work of affective and cognitive emergence, highlighting a sequence of repetitive traumatic reminiscences drawn from Samuel Beckett's literary productions across a 33-year period from >The end< to >Company.< In so doing, it illustrates both the literary and therapeutic efficacy in emotional conveyance of personal narrative in achieving the necessary cohesion after traumatic experience to more effectively go on.
En este artículo se trabaja con la pulsión de muerte, tan importante en el arte moderno, a través de Las Hurdes, tierra sin pan de Luis Buñuel. Se registran las formas más significativas en que dicha pulsión aparece en el mencionado documental y se tematizan en torno a la dualidad entre biofilia y necrofilia (entendida en sentido general, no sólo sexual) de Erich Fromm. Finalmente paso a una deconstrucción de dicha dualidad, o sea, a mostrar sus limitaciones como polaridad jerárquica.
This is a review article of the following five recent studies on populism: 1) Ruth Wodak’s The Politics of Fear: What Right-Wing Populist Discourses Mean (Sage, 2015); 2) Benjamin Moffitt’s The Global Rise of Populism: Performance, Political Style and Representation (Stanford University Press, 2016); 3) Cas Mudde and Cristóbal Rovira Kaltwasser’s Populism: A Very Short Introduction (Oxford University Press, 2017); 4) Jan-Werner Müller’s What is Populism? (University of Pennsylvania Press, 2016); and 5) John B. Judis’ The Populist Explosion: How the Great Recession Transformed American and European Politics (Columbia Global Reports, 2016). The review argues for a return to early Frankfurt School Critical Theory to address some of the shortcomings of these studies.
A presente pesquisa está vinculada ao Laboratório de Estudos em Religiões e Religiosidades da Universidade Estadual de Maringá (BR), sob título >História e Literatura: as narrativas mitológicas em As Brumas de Avalon<, obra literária escrita por Marion Zimmer Bradley (1982). O trabalho tem como objetivo buscar compreender uma linguagem literária que contém em si uma linguagem simbólica. Assim, tanto são utilizados apontamentos de Roger Chartier (1999), quanto ao uso da literatura como fonte histórica, como também se procurou alinhar o trabalho com a linguagem simbólica de Erich Fromm (1969).
This article offers a reflection on conception, pregnancy, and the first mother–infant relationships of mothers with motoric and sensory disabilities. Based on more than 13 years of experience with women with motoric and sensory disabilities who had a desire for a child, the author analyzes this unusual situation from three different points of view: the medical help to procreate, meeting a partner for the mother, and the link with the initial maternal family, i.e. the mother’s mother. The last part concerns the possibility of the development of a mother–infant relationship when bodily function is lacking.
人口老龄化带来的巨大压力,使得基于社区的养老服务模式成为亟待解决的社会策略问题。而随着老年人心理健康问题的日益凸显,在考虑如何提高养老服务问题时,尤其需要重视心理服务的提升。准确了解老年人心理需求,是提供各种养老服务的基础。但老年人心理需求的研究仍然罕见。本研究采用基于弗洛姆心理需求理论的心理需求问卷(Lowman/Bredehoeft,1996)对我国杭州市某社区214名居家养老的老人进行了心理需求调查,并分析基本的人口统计学变量对心理需求的影响。统计结果证明对于老年人来说,关联需求、超越需求、寻根需求、认同需求和定向需求均处于比较重要的水平,验证了弗洛姆心理需求理论在老年人心理需求问题上的有效性。结果显示老年人的年龄、性别、受教育程度和居住方式等人口统计学因素的不同水平对心理需求的影响差异不显著,说明不需要针对不同人口统计学水平的老人提供差异化的心理服务。另外,模型与认知行为疗法的行为激活分支的理论相匹配,可从人际关系、教育/职业、娱乐/兴趣、身/心/灵、个人职责五个领域提升老年人的自我价值感和心理健康水平。基于心理需求的结果,我们提出的社区养老服务模式,从五个心理需求维度出发,结合行为激活疗法理论及技术,建立适合居家养老老人的朋辈支持模型。
Group narcissism denotes the pathological version of the way in which individuals mirror themselves in a group, often associated with an idealized person. It comes to expression in religious or political extremism and in the celebrity media machine. The notions of a ‘healthy narcissism’ and a ‘natural narcissistic spectrum’ are criticized. The causes of narcissism are discussed.
The article raises the subject of female motive in Stanisław Grochowiak’s poetry. Female element in the work of the representative of 56 generation is marked positively – in contrast to masculine one. The poet’s high evaluating of woman is closely connected with the war escalation in 20th century. According to Grochowiak, it proclaims that civilization based on patriarchal system suffered its defeat. The only hope for humanity resurgence is just related to a woman. The author says that she is the host of such values as love and wisdom – and her fertility and protectiveness are opposite to the death. The crisis of European civilization caused by two world wars has its overtone in philosophic idea of Erich Fromm. He abstracted two tendencies in human’s behavior: biophilic – directed at life and necrophilic – aimed at death. Fromm similarly to Grochowiak found the reason for the twentieth-century hecatomb in human nature, in this what is typical of man and patriarchal society. Both Grochowiak’s and Fromm’s diagnoses are parallel but at the same time independent, that is why we can say that they are complementary to each other in seeking the explanation for traumatic war events and the hope for human’s future.
Alan Watts’ seminal text >Psychotherapy East and West<was authored near Humanistic Psychology’s beginnings, also a transformational time for psychotherapy theory and practice. Watts fostered appreciation for Eastern philosophical traditions, particularly in relation to self, identity, and counterculture. In this article, contributions of innovative thinkers cited by Watts, including Gregory Bateson, Erich Fromm, Jay Haley, George Herbert Mead, Rollo May, and Carl Rogers, are highlighted and historically situated toward tracking threads of contemporary influence vis-à-vis social construction, brief therapy, and therapeutic simplicity. The article begins with a brief note on Watts’ countercultural positioning.
This paper contributes to the current debate about decolonisation by rethinking the theoretical base of psychotherapy. It offers, first, a reformulation of the problem of human suffering that draws on the concept of alienation as detailed in the works of Karl Marx, Frantz Fanon, and Erich Fromm. Second, it presents an alternative reading of Wulf Sachs’ psychoanalytic text, Black Hamlet, as viewed through the prism of alienation theory. And third, while affirming the significance of that classic work for psychotherapists today as well as the salience of alienation theory, the paper raises complex questions about the integration of Marxism and psychoanalysis.
The analysis project >Motherly Love in Edgar Allan Poe's 'To My Mother'< examines the intrinsic elements and the concept of motherly love in the poem >To My Mother< by Edgar Allan Poe. The author uses literature study as a method of collecting data and information about research objects through books and the internet. The author uses a literary psychology approach with Erich Fromm's theory of love to find out the love that a mother gives to her child. From the results of the analysis, the author found the concept of love given by a mother to her child, in this poem not all children get the love of a mother from their biological mother, but there are other people who are able to replace the mother's role and give love to a child even though the child is not is his biological child. The concept of love that the writer finds is in accordance with the concept of motherly love, Erich Fromm's theory of love. [Google translator, 1/2023]
According to Anders Behring Breivik himself, his massacre of 77 innocent people on July 22, 2011 in Norway was motivated by ideology: Breivik sees himself as being morally justified to save Europe from multiculturalism and feminism. What makes a person join such an ideology? This paper argues that the demonization of Muslims and Eurabia fits into a psychologically threatened universe and a murderous lust for revenge. Against the background of different sources (the ideological >manifesto,< forensic reports, psychiatric assessment of the mother–son relationship in Breivik’s childhood, and interview material), the mass-murderer’s attitudes are understood as expressing inner dynamic forces. Hypotheses about Breivik’s personality and unconscious motivation are discussed using the concepts of splitting and personal myth and Oedipal catastrophe. The paper argues that the relationship between unconscious motives and ideology must be regarded as dialectical: the terrorist’s actions are founded in a subjective war scenario, expressing personally motivated hatred and vindictiveness, being displaced and projected, and justified with reference to a war >out there.< Thus, the terrorist seeks an ideology that fits unconscious intentions. The ideology, however, is indispensable to legitimate actions.
Begrüßung
(2017)
Benign Aggression (Fromm)
(2017)
In this paper, the author presents case material related to a patient who asked for psychotherapy as she was having difficulty managing her problems within the family. This clinical vignette reveals how some mothers have difficulties being, as Winnicott said, >ordinary devoted mothers.< These mothers are >psychologically blind,< in that they not able to psychologically >see< or feel the pain of their babies or children. The author discusses the case material using Winnicott and Bion’s essential concepts of how the patient is deprived of maternal functioning.
En la Unión Soviética, Fromm fue conocido más que nada por ser un pensador social. Fue sumamente apreciado por apegarse a los principios socialistas, por su interpretación, conforme al espíritu de Marx, de la ideología como >falsa conciencia<, así como por su reformulación creativa del concepto del hombre de Marx. Asimismo, el concepto de Fromm del carácter social le ganó mucha atención en la URSS. Mediante el desarrollo de la idea del inconsciente social, Fromm alertó a sus lectores contra la democracia moderna, el consumismo y el poder de los tecnócratas. Por desgracia, sus advertencias fueron ignoradas por los líderes soviéticos y rusos. Aun así, las ideas de Fromm siguen siendo válidas hoy en día.
Principal objective of this work is to illustrate the clinical usefulness of confrontations in the initial interview. Balint, Kernberg, Sullivan, Fromm-Reichmann are the authors, among many of them, who pointed out importance of the initial interview and the consequences of the interview for the future psychotherapeutic work. Initial interview represents two persons; therapist and person who needs help who meet for the first time and do not know anything about each other. Interaction between therapist and the patient through communication is a major source of information about potential patient in the initial interview. The nature of disorder, capacity of motivation for psychotherapy can be evaluated in the current interaction with the person who needs help. Confrontation is a routine technique in psychoanalysis and psychotherapy, unilateral and potentially dangerous, especially when working alliance is not established and that is the case in the initial interview. Purpose of confrontation in the initial interview is to collect information about patient, his psychopathology, his structural personality features, presence of defensive operations, capacity and motivations to work and what kind of psychotherapy is best suited for him. Confrontation can be very harmful so it requires tact, patience and timing. Incorrect use of confrontations which are poorly conceptualized, premature could stop the flow of the material, make sense of chaos in the interview, increasing anxiety and risk the possibility of leaving interview.
Commento alla relazione di Jorge Silva-Garcia. L'infausta, ignorata minaccia della sovrappopolazione
(2017)
Un grupo de psicoanalistas celebró el Seminario de Sociopsicoanálisis para ampliar el punto de vista clínico que había adquirido por medio de su trabajo con pacientes en el marco de una práctica privada. En esta ponencia describimos la investigación de una acción participativa emprendida por una comunidad. Empezamos entrevistando a niños pobres y desposeídos, primero en un pueblo de mineros y después en un centro para niños en situación de calle. Se incluyen un estudio sobre Apego y carácter social de las madres y los niños, así como la evaluación sistemática de las motivaciones inconscientes de las respuestas de los individuos al cuestionario interpretativo social. Nos esforzamos por devolver a las propias comunidades los hallazgos de los estudios del carácter social. Nuestro propósito es apoyar o fomentar las posibilidades de iniciar proyectos de acción participativa basados en las comunidades, encaminados a transformar la calidad de vida y a enfrentar las dificultades y superar los obstáculos que surgen en el camino hacia el cambio; asimismo, esperamos que nuestra investigación ayude a impulsar el desarrollo de políticas para el cuidado de la salud de los niños.
Esta ponencia presenta una breve reflexión sobre una inves-tigación cualitativa anterior realizada por el autor sobre un estudio exploratorio acerca de la negociación de las necesidades emocionales de un varón con un varón homosexual dentro de un enfoque clínico frommiano. En especial, se analizan las nociones de >relación central< y de >amor maduro< de Erich Fromm, en un intento por vincular el rol de esas nociones como parte de un trabajo analítico clínico en vías de desarrollo con varones homosexuales. Parte de los resultados mostraron que mientras que para los varones homosexuales los aspectos centrales de la relación y del amor son fundamentales, en la práctica su enfoque más común para negociar sus necesidades emocionales es a través de >amigos< y >amistades<, como un paradigma clave relacional con otros varones. También se hace hincapié en las implicaciones que tiene la importancia de vincular las aportaciones de Fromm al trabajo analítico clínico para proseguir el desarrollo de este último con varones homosexuales y con la diversidad sexual en general.
Corporate Responsibility in Zeiten der Globalisierung: Herausforderungen an die Unternehmensethik
(2017)
Esta ponencia presenta algunos aspectos de la psicología social analítica de Fromm que pueden relacionarse con el capitalismo de consumo. En vista de los límites a su crecimiento, las consecuencias destructivas del estilo de vida consumista son cada vez más evidentes. Un consumo sano es algo que debemos practicar. Este nuevo consumo fomentaría un desarrollo sostenible como contrapeso a la tendencia que mercantiliza al consumista y el mundo. El planteamiento del carácter social describe la adaptación social de los poderes psíquicos del hombre a las necesidades económicas. En la actualidad, ese proceso adaptativo ha transformado la educación y el aprendizaje, creando estudiantes que pueden ser usados fácilmente por el sistema económico y que habrán de ser consumistas perfectos. Para acortar una vida potencialmente sin sentido, la producción y el consumo deben limitarse y recortarse a un nivel razonable. Más personas deben cambiar su forma de vida. La propuesta de Erich Fromm presenta razones por las cuales el consumismo es un callejón sin salida para el desarrollo humano y plantea soluciones salvadoras que implican cambiar nuestros sistemas educativos.
In dem Artikel beschäftigen wir uns mit dem Potenzial psychodynamischer und humanistischer Ansätze für Prozesse des Verstehens in der Beratung. Dafür setzen wir uns mit der Bedeutung von Verstehen für die Beratung auseinander und reflektieren unsere Erfahrungen in der Beratung von Studierenden im Kontext von sozial- und wirtschaftspsychologisch orientierten Studiengängen. Mit dem Artikel zeigen wir erstens auf, wie wichtig psychodynamisch-humanistische Ansätze sind, um Verstehensprozesse in Gruppen zu begreifen, ohne dass ein psychodynamisches Grundverständnis beim Gegenüber (Klientlnnen/Kundlnnen) vorausgesetzt werden kann. Zweitens verdeutlichen wir, dass psychodynamisch fundierte Konzepte keineswegs ein Auslaufmodell in der Psychologie, sondern von fundamentaler Bedeutung für Lehre und Praxis in der Wirtschaftspsychologie sind, wenn diese am Bild eines aktiven und schöpferischen Menschen ausgerichtet wird.
Discussion of papers by Siri Gullestad, Klaus Hoffmann, and Manya Steinkoler, on the lone terrorist
(2017)
Individual, unique motivations played a major role in the acts committed by the three terrorists under discussion. The circumstances leading to the terrorist’s attack can, in each case, be understood with respect to a pattern of reciprocal violations of expectations of living in a safe, predictable world. Seeking help for severe depression, suicidality, coupled with an inability to contain the rage engendered by these experiences, led to an increasing propensity in these men for eruptive aggression. In one case, experiences of feeling dominated by an unpredictable mother who was rejecting and seductive were not accorded central significance. In another case, having profound feelings of his being on the cusp of violence go unrecognized preceded the terrorist act. In a third case, having faint feelings of wanting to live unrecognized, whereas only suicidal impulses were considered to be of significance, failed to stem the violence. To what extent the failure of mental health professionals to assess the precarious psychological organization of these three men, as well as to recognize what resources were still intact, is only open to speculation. Although recognizing the potential for violence more directly may not have prevented their violent act, it also did nothing to diminish the likelihood.
This paper analyses economic power, state power and ideological power in the age of Donald Trump with the help of critical theory. It applies the critical theory approaches of thinkers such as Franz Neumann, Theodor W. Adorno and Erich Fromm. It analyses changes of US capitalism that have together with political anxiety and demagoguery brought about the rise of Donald Trump. This article draws attention to the importance of state theory for understanding Trump and the changes of politics that his rule may bring about. It is in this context important to see the complexity of the state, including the dynamic relationship between the state and the economy, the state and citizens, intra-state relations, inter-state relations, semiotic representations of and by the state, and ideology. Trumpism and its potential impacts are theorised along these dimensions. The ideology of Trump (Trumpology) has played an important role not just in his business and brand strategies, but also in his political rise. The (pseudo-)critical mainstream media have helped making Trump and Trumpology by providing platforms for populist spectacles that sell as news and attract audiences. By Trump making news in the media, the media make Trump. An empirical analysis of Trump’s rhetoric and the elimination discourses in his NBC show >The Apprentice< underpins the analysis of Trumpology. The combination of Trump’s actual power and Trump as spectacle, showman and brand makes his government’s concrete policies fairly unpredictable. An important question that arises is what social scientists’ role should be in the conjuncture that the world is experiencing.
The goal of this paper is to emphasize the early consequences of pre-Oedipal maternal deprivation, addressing the theories and techniques of the pioneers of child psychoanalysis. Even when these theories differ in their understanding and conceptualization of child psychopathology, their common denominator is that they believe in the importance of the infant’s early experiences of life and the necessary physical and emotional constancy of the mother–infant dyad. This paper approaches the different theories using three clinical vignettes. Through the synthesis of the psychoanalytic therapeutic process of a four-year-old boy, we can see how the conflicts and symptoms evolved and resolved in the course of five years of treatment, during which the boy’s behavior and productivity changed, allowing the treatment to come to an end. This boy was able to work through his traumatic separation experience in analysis, and to develop more mature defense mechanisms that led him toward a better adjustment to his environment. We can conclude that the early interruption of maternal care led to serious symptoms in this child’s behavior and mental organization. If these difficulties had not been addressed in time, the symptoms would have gone on to become severe.
Editorial
(2017)
En los escritos de Fromm, la filosofía y el psicoanálisis están fuertemente entrelazados. Esto mismo es cierto para el autoanálisis de Sigmund Freud que dio nacimiento al marco psicoanalítico en la década de 1890. Hoy en día, las percepciones psicoanalíticas son indispensables cada vez que los filósofos examinan el conocimiento de uno mismo o el arte de vivir. El debate es desafiante para ambos bandos. La teoría de Ehrenberg de el self agotado plantea preguntas fundamentales: ¿la autonomía aún promete liberación y conocimiento interno o ha resultado ser un agente patológico que promueve extensos síntomas de depresión, agotamiento y trastorno de inestabilidad emocional? Las aportaciones de Erich Fromm nos ayudan a comprender la dinámica del falso self (Winnicott) y su relación con los antecedentes socioeconómicos de las personas. La filosofía de Fromm se enfoca en un arte de vivir crítico y no en la creación de una
imagen propia posmoderna.
En esta ponencia, su autor afirma que algunas ideas de Fromm tienen el potencial de responder cuestiones filosóficas más importantes. En particular, la idea de Fromm del principio fundamental de relación individual con el mundo nos permite comprender mucho mejor la naturaleza humana. La forma de Fromm de ver al >hombre como lleno de contradicciones< recibe otro apoyo. Al compartir la interpretación de Fromm de la libertad humana, el autor analiza con mayor detalle el problema de la fuente original del libre albedrío y afirma que el planteamiento frommiano del amor es productivo para integrar la teoría contemporánea del conocimiento y la filosofía de los seres humanos. El autor finalmente considera que el valor de la teoría de Fromm consiste, ante todo, en la coherencia de su visión humanista.
El legado de Erich Fromm
(2017)