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- 1998 (340) (remove)
In a Glass Darkly
(1998)
Cites cases of children believing in male maternity, and describes myths and legends, classical and modern, involving the same type of event. These beliefs are discussed in terms of the concepts of Freud and E. FROMM. It is concluded that the fantasy of male maternity is linked with frustrated creative aspirations.
Prison Life and Alienation
(1998)
Heidegger on Freud
(1998)
The author discusses Ferenczi's theory of femininity in terms both of its orientation to Freud's constructivist view on the same subject and its intimate connections with his own phylogenetic speculations. She underlines the significance of Ferenczi's assumptions about the universality of the ?trend of maternal regression? and its determining role in genital sexual union. Due to the absence of a ?real? penis in women, Ferenczi postulates that female development is marked by a whole series of regressive moves and renunciations, from urethrality to anality (i.e. from activity to passivity), the ?abandonmentγ of the clitoris in favour of the vagina, and a regressive secondarynarcisstic cathexis of the entire body. The author criticizes Ferenczi's reduction of woman to the ?mother? function and relates this view to recent femininity theories emanating from the French school of psychoanalysis, which follow him in this respect. There is a brief discussion of the author's own approach to establishing a theory of femininity. She situates her theses in the framework of the tensions obtaining between Ferenczi's unsatisfactory theory of femininity as a ?defective? condition and his bold and laudable attempt to provide Freudian metapsychology with a biological foundation.
Die Credé Prophylaxe
(1998)
Comments on >Psychoanalysis and Cognitive-Evolutionary Psychology. An Attempt at Integration<.
(1998)
On Love
(1998)
Auf der Suche nach dem ethischen Konsum. Nachhaltigkeit, Lebensstile und Konsumentenverhalten
(1998)
法兰克福学派的重要代表人物之一,以马克思主义和弗洛伊德主 义的综合者自居的弗洛姆(ErichFromm,1900~1980),从批判资本主义>人性异化<出发,创立了>规范人本主义<学说,从而提出了解决 >人性异化<的>规范人本主义伦理学<。旨在通过其>规范人本主义<的价值原则,价值规范和价值标准,揭露和批判当代西方资本主义社会存在的种种现实矛 盾,使人们能够透过当代资本主义社会经济繁荣、生活富裕的表象,认清当代资本主义社会的实质,从而发现属于人的根本价值所在,过一种对人自身生存有意义的 生活。今天,我们搞社会主义市场经济,是否需要一种适应并超越这种体制的文化精神和人生境界,这是当前颇具争议而又现实的一
How to Become a Forgotten Intellectual: Intellectual Movements and the Rise and Fall of Erich Fromm
(1998)
Most reputation studies focus on canonized intellectuals, scholars, and artists. With few exceptions, there has been little detailed examination of the sociological dynamics involved in exclusion. Examined here are the ideas and reputation history of the German psychoanalyst and sociologist Erich FROMM, expanding the repu-tation model outlined by Michele Lamont in >How to Become a Dominant French Intellectual: The Case of Jacques Derrida.< The example of Erich FROMM provides support for a modified version of Lamont's model as well as a level analysis framework. FROMM was a prestigious intellectual in sociology, psychoanalysis, and US intellectual life in the 1940s and 1950s, but since has gone out fashion. Similar macro-, organizational, and microfactors explain both FROMM's decline and Derrida's rise to status after 1965. Emphasis is on the importance of symbolic boundaries within and between psychoanalysis, Marxism, and sociology as factors that both create and damage intellectual reputations.
Teoriyata na Erih From za >byagstvo ot svobodata< (Erich Fromm's theory about >Escape from Freedom<)
(1998)
Midwifery of the Soul: A Holistic Perspective on Psychoanalysis – Collected Papers of Margaret Arden
(1998)
Models of learning and psychoanalytic traditions can reform be sustained in psychoanalytic training?
(1998)
Marginal comments on the evolution of self psychology response to editors’ follow'up questions
(1998)
The author describes the psychoanalysis of a female patient who was diagnosed psychiatrically as a paranoid psychotic. The patient reported a history of chronic sexual abuse. The psychopathology and the phases of treatment are considered, with particular reference to the dynamics and content of psychotic ideation and their transference and countertransference implications. In particular, the author points to the qualitative distinctiveness of psychotic thought, which, if mistaken for nonpsychotic thought, can generate confusion leading to impasse. Differentiation of the two levels of mentation and interpretation of their symbolic meaning in the nonpsychotic transference is necessary for the psychotherapy of psychosis to proceed.
The idea that people plan their behavior is considered common sense for most human activities. This commonsense view, however, is not extended to the behavior of the patients in therapy. Patients’ behavior is thought to be governed to some extent by unplanned unconscious forces. In this paper, I challenge that view. I assume that the primary motive of patients in psychotherapy, including psychoanalysis, is to solve their problems by disproving the pathogenic beliefs that underlie them, and it assumes, too, that patients make and carry out plans for solving their problems. Patients’ plans are for testing their pathogenic beliefs with the therapist in the hope that the therapist will not react to their tests as their beliefs predict. In research studies carried out by the San Francisco Psychotherapy Research Group, we demonstrated that we can reliably infer patients’ plans from their behavior at the beginning of therapy and that patients work consistently in accordance with these plans throughout the therapy. Support for this thesis appears in infant research, evolutionary psychology, academic cognitive research, and linguistics. The view of the therapeutic process proposed here bears on the current discussion of the therapist's use of authority and integrates several current trends in the theory of therapy.
Loyal opposition and the clarity of dissent. Commentary on Donald P. Spence's >the hermeneutic turn<
(1998)
Selected aspects of case material in the treatment of a bisexual woman are used to illustrate the theme of penetrability versus impenetrability in the feminine and masculine psyches. I examine the dimensions not of activity and passivity, but of a fixed versus a permeable bodily and psychic boundary – the ability to penetrate as well as the ability to be penetrated. The patient showed shifting gender identifications, depending on the relational context – the geography of the lover's body and mind – that she described as >expanding her gender repertoire.< Bisexuality is discussed as a creative use of potential space that does not necessitate the collapse of core gender identity. An integration is offered of a clinical and theoretical focus on sexuality with an emphasis on earliest object relations. To the metaphors of the primal scene and the combined parent, I add the metaphor of the nursing couple as the site of bisexual identifications and as the earliest relation of the penetrating to the penetrated. I critique the gender split regarding the ability to penetrate – an ability not inherently male but that comes to be seen as such.
The interface of empirical work with child psychoanalysis at the Anna Freud Centre is part of the tradition of systematic study and research pioneered over many years by Anna Freud and her colleagues (A. Freud, 1962; Sandier, 1962; A. Freud 1965). George Moran initiated a program of work at the Anna Freud Centre, which, starting with the work on juvenile onset diabetes (Fonagy et al., 1991b), led us to ask fundamental questions about the nature of the child psychoanalysis, with important implications for technique. We acknowledged our debt by dedicating the lecture on which this paper is based to George Moran, whom we see as a worthy successor to Marianne Kris, both of them working within the tradition of Anna Freud. This article starts with observations that imply the need for a change in some aspects of our psychoanalytic model. Throughout child psychoanalysis is used to illustrate both the need for change and the character of the revision that is required. The authors, however, assert that, as is so often the case for explorations in child analysis, these ideas may be extrapolated to psychoanalytic approaches to adults, specifically individuals with borderline personality disorder.
Listening three frost poems
(1998)
Minds and Dialogues in Analytic Spaces – Negotiating Certainty and Uncertainty. Reply to Commentary
(1998)
From Disintegration to Unintegration: The Creation of Potential Space Through Work with Dreams
(1998)
Keeping it moving. Commentary on Judith Butler's >melancholy gender – refused identification<
(1998)
Kohut's contribution
(1998)
Analytic child therapy techniques developed as modifications of techniques from adult psychoanalysis. Child therapy continues to be regarded as an adaptation of adult analysis and to give a central place to the methods and conditions of adult analysis, such as interpretation, in its understanding of how therapy heals. I propose that child therapy is not a modified form of therapy and that the essential processes of therapy are fully present in child therapy. In fact, they often may be seen more clearly there than in adult therapy. I suggest two interrelated processes as the essential ones in all analytic therapy. The first is play. I examine several interrelated aspects of play, specifically as they occur in child therapy. These include the emergence and integration of dissociated self-states, symbolization, and recognition. The second process I propose as essential in analytic therapy is the renegotiation of self – other relationships through action. This renegotiation is what can help patients become able to play in therapy when they have difficulty doing so. Since I suggest that action is at the heart of analytic therapy, I go on to consider the role of talking in an action therapy. Finally, I explore the dimensions of mutuality in the relationship between child and therapist, including mutual influence and regulation, mutual recognition, and mutual regression. The intersubjective nature of psychotherapy, which is increasingly appreciated in adult analytic therapy but not in child therapy, provides a fertile context for the evolution of play and for the productive renegotiation of self – other relationships.
In this paper we explore a few points emphasized by both Fairbairn and American Relational Theory related to conceptualizations of the new and old object and the implications for working in the analytic situation. Underlying much of our discussion is the belief that there are useful tensions between, on the one hand, Fairbairn's emphasis on our attachment to bad and old objects and refractory clinging to these bad objects in the face of receiving something new, and, on the other, a construal of a push or willingness toward integrating externality and newness of objects (e.g., Winnicott, 1969 Benjamin, 1988). American Relational models which explore complexities of interaction augment an understanding of Fairbairn's formulations of why we hold on to old objects. Fairbairn's theory also offers ways of understanding aspects of repetition, even, and sometimes especially, in trying to provide new experience.
Love, Dissociation, and Discipline in the Analytic Process: Commentary on Paper by Stuart A. Pizer
(1998)
In this essay, I examine links among gender, sexual attraction, and sexual orientation rooted in the role of loss and mourning in the process of gender identity development. Building on the work of Fast (1984) and Butler (1995), I describe some of the psychological losses inherent in gender identity development and trace their effects on the structure of adult gender identity and sexual relationships. I propose that many important phenomena in the arena of gender and sexuality can be illuminated from this perspective, including a hidden perverse element in the structure of many adult heterosexual relationships. These speculations are offered in the context of current efforts to understand the psychodynamics of heterosexuality – a topic that has been neglected as a result of the long-standing tendency in the psychoanalytic literature to problematize (and pathologize) only >deviant< sexualities (Chodorow, 1992).
The papers of Hans Loewald are among the most frequently cited and least understood within the psychoanalytic literature. Part of the problem is that his prescient ideas, extraordinarily creative and often visionary, are presented in traditional terminology. This paper is intended as a contribution to the explication of Loewald's important contribution, focusing on his novel understanding of language (both the development of language in the child and the language of psychoanalysis), and his richly dialectical view of the relationship between fantasy and actuality.
Every analysis involves oscillations in the ability to generate new meaning, depending on the nature of the anxieties present and containable by the patient, the analyst, or both. Breakdown in this creative process can result in treatment impasses when primitive anxieties are uncontained and projective identifications abound. In this article, I situate clinical impasses within the dialectic of presence and absence. That dialectic requires that the tension be sustained between both terms in such a way that neither is fully negated and a space can exist between the terms, a space in which meaning can flourish and the recognition of freedom can be embraced. I view impasses as psychic and philosophical breakdowns in which presence and absence are polarized and the ability to constitute presence out of absence is lost. I examine this collapsed space as one in which goodness has become perverted in the mind of the patient. I then offer clinical examples in which the analyst discovers how attention to her own subjective experiences helps to decipher the meaning of unconscious communications. These subjective experiences include the emergence of an internal supervisor, subliminal thought and images, and dreams about the patient. These communications can then serve as tools to release the analytic couple from the bonds of presymbolic treatment impasses.
In classical psychoanalytic models, treatment can be understood as enabling patients to repossess their own agency – to take responsibility for themselves as agents in relation to their own motives and impulses (>Where id was, there shall ego be<). How the question of agency is understood developmentally and as part of the treatment process in relational psychoanalytic perspectives has been less clearly articulated. In this article, we suggest that the attainment of the ability to experience oneself as an agent emerges from complex interpersonal and intrapsychic processes in infancy and early childhood and represents a kind of >glue< that provides the foundation for a feeling of personal coherence. We also suggest that the development of a sense of agency is predicated on the negotiation of recognition and mutual impact with parents early in life. When those negotiations go awry, the child's capacity for agency can be disrupted. We suggest that many of the difficulties patients experience in their lives can be understood in this developmental context.