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본 논문의 목적은 프롬이 제시한 사랑의 의미와 실천 방법을 검토하는 것이다. 이에 본 논문에서는 프롬의 사상적 배경과 함께 그가 제시한 사랑론의 이론적 근거, 사랑론을 구성하는 주요 내용 및 프롬이 규정한 사랑의 대상, 그리고 사랑의 실천 방법을 중심으로 살펴보고자 한다. 현행 고등학교 선택 과목인 『생활과 윤리』 교과에서는 ‘성과 사랑의 윤리’를 학습 주제로 제시하고 있으며, 이에 따라 현행 교육과정을 따르는 교과서들에서는 해당 영역에서 프롬의 사랑에 관한 입장을 학습 요소로 제시하고 있다. 따라서 본 논문에서 다루는 프롬의 사랑론에 대한 원전 중심의 종합적인 검토는 교과 내용 및 교수학습 과정에 기여할 것으로 기대한다.
본 논문에서는 토니 모리슨의 첫 번째 소설 『가장 푸른 눈』과 최근 소설 『신이여 그 아이를 도우소서』에 등장하는 기독교인들을 에리히 프롬의 『소유냐 존재냐』에서 설명하는 두 가지 실존양식을 바탕으로 분석하여 작가의 신앙관을 추적하였다. 1970년에 발표된 『가장 푸른 눈』에는 세 명의 >소유양식<의 신앙인들인 폴린과 제럴딘 위트콤이 등장한다. 이들은 자신들의 입지를 위해 종교를 이용하고 피콜라의 정신분열 발생에 심각한 부정적 영향을 미친다. 2015년에 발표된 『신이여 그 아이를 도우소서』에서 부커의 고모 퀸은 >존재양식의 신앙인<으로 브라이드가 진정한 정체성을 형성하고 부커와의 사랑을 회복하는데 결정적인 역할을 한다. 기독교 신앙의 주요 속성을 >베푸는 사랑<으로 규정해온 토니 모리슨은 평생 >소유양식의 신앙인<들을 질타하고 >존재양식의 신앙인<이 되도록 촉구하며 독자들의 정신적인 성숙을 이끌어온 >존재양식의 신앙인<이다. 작가는 말년의 작품에서 기독교인들을 긍정적으로 평가하고 태아를 향한 축복 기도를 작품의 제목으로 삼을 만큼 신앙을 향한 긍정적인 태도를 보여주고 있다.
본 논문의 목적은 에리히 프롬이 분석한 근대화의 역설을 모델로 삼아, 박근혜 탄핵 반대집회에서 모습을 드러낸 ‘태극기 군중’의 유래와 정체성을 밝히는데 있으며, 이를 위해 세 가지 작업을 수행할 것이다. 첫째, 본 논문은 근대화의 역설에 대한 에리히 프롬의 분석을 통해 정치지도자에 대한 맹신이 등장하는 이유를 근대인의 심리적 구조를 통해 설명할 것이다. 둘째, 본 논문은 에리히 프롬의 분석을 모델로 삼아 태극기 군중의 역사적 기원을 1970년대에 ‘조국근대화’를 추진한 박정희의 지지층으로 보면서, 이들의 탄생이 근대화의 역설적 결과임을 보여줄 것이다. 셋째, 본 논문은 박정희 지지층 일부가 박근혜 등장 이후 태극기 군중으로 부활하게 된 것을 프로이트의 ‘가족로망스’와 ‘멜랑콜리’ 개념을 통해 설명할 것이다. 그리고 끝으로 태극기 군중의 등장을 사회 병리학적 관점에서 ‘사회적 질병’으로 규정하면서 이를 극복하기 위해 어떤 사회적 노력이 필요한지를 지적할 것이다.
이 글은 출생 이전 인간생명의 증강목적 유전자 편집에 관한 현재의 담론이 도덕적 현기증에 빠져있다는 샌델의 지적에 공감하며, 이 문제에 관한 정신분석학적 고찰을 시도하여 도덕적 현기증을 극복한 법규범의 확립을 위한 토대를 놓는 것에 기여를 하고자 한다. 출생이전 인간생명의 증강 목적 유전자 편집 문제와 관련하여 크게 두 가지 입장이 있는데, 하나는 증강목적 유전자 편집을 찬성하는 트랜스휴머니즘이고 다른 하나는 반대하는 생명보수주의이다. 이 글은 정신분석학의 관점에서 트랜스휴머니스트들의 주장의 중요한 오류들을 비판하고, 생명보수주의자들의 논증은 보완하고 강화한다. 각 장의 중심 주제를 간략히 밝히자면, 제II장에서는 부모의 자녀를 위한 >합리적 선택<이 무의식을 고려한다면 허무한 신화일 수 있기에, 불가역적 변화인 출생 이전 인간생명의 증강목적 유전자 편집을 부모의 선택에 맡기는 것이 크게 위험할 수 있음을 밝히는데 주안점을 둘 것이고, 제III장은 >완벽<을 향한 트랜스휴머니스트들의 욕망의 파괴적 위험성을, 제IV장은 출생 이전 인간생명에 대한 유전자 편집의 욕망이 생명을 존중하는 바이오필리아적인 것이 아니라 통제를 갈구하는 네크로필리아적인 것임을 다룰 것이다. 제II장은 프로이트와 현대의 역동심리치료 이론들이, 제III장은 융의 분석심리학이, 제IV장은 프롬의 정신분석학이 중심적인 이론적 틀이 되며, 생명보수주의자로는 샌델과 하버마스가, 트랜스휴머니스트로는 보스트롬과 사블레스쿠가 주로 고찰될 것이다. 이 과정을 통해 인간 존재에 대한 균형 있는 관점을 가진 바이오필리아적 법의 확립을 위한 기초적 토대 마련에 기여할 수 있기를 바란다.
Entering the 21st century, new cultural trends have been formed after changes in social perception and the environment. Social psychologist Erich Seligmann Fromm proposed that ‘the ability to predict the future and express subjects and acts in diverse ideas’ is an attribute that makes humans different from animals. There are very diverse ways and views to predict trends and experts from individual fields can predict trends by studying related laws. These trends can be viewed as a phenomenon that expresses the emotions and personality that exist in people’s consciousness. In modern society, people want to create trendy and unique styles, using diverse elements and design factors by escaping from a conventional concept of beauty. Humans design and develop new tools that are both esthetic and functional through harmony between art and science. In fashion, art and cosmetology, trendy collections are suggested annually by predicting trends in advance. New and diverse trends that differ from past trends are always pursued. With the development of mass media, furthermore, trends have become a large issue around the globe. Hairstyling is closely related to trend so that there should be continued studies on new trends. Therefore, this study investigated hairstyle trends in the Wella Collection from 2014 to 2018. It analyzed these hairstyles by shape, texture and color, and the results are available as basic data for analyzing hair collections. It is hoped that they would be useful in predicting future trends.
>으르렁<은 젊은 세대 대중음악을 대표하는 노래 가운데 하나다. 이 노래는 젊 은 세대에게 크게 인기를 끌었다. 이 노래는 철학적으로 >매우 위험한< 노래다. 으르렁대는 야만적인 무한경쟁의 심리가 드러나 있다. 이 논문은 그 노랫말을 니체와 프롬의 철학으로 되짚어 보고 그 철학적 까닭과 해법을 찾아보았다. 니체의 철학으로 보면, 그 철학적 까닭은 시기, 곧 타자 부정이며, 그 해법은 긍 정, 곧 자기 긍정이다. 자기가 사랑하는 이성을 사랑하는 다른 동성들에게 으르렁대는 까닭은 자기보다 뛰어난 이에 대한 불안이나 두려움 때문이며, 그 바탕에는 열등감과 시기심이 깔려 있다. 무엇보다 먼저 자기를 가치 있는 사람으로 긍정하면, 열등감과 시기심에 빠지지 않고, 자기보다 뛰어난 이에 대해 불안이나 두려움을 가질 필요가 없으므로 다른 이들에게 으르렁대지 않을 거다. 프롬의 철학으로 보면, 그 철학적 까닭은 소유를 지향하는 삶의 마음가짐이며, 그 해법은 존재를 지향하는 삶의 마음가짐이다. 다른 동성들에게 으르렁대는 까닭은 이성을 독차지하려는 소유를 지향하는 삶의 마음가짐 때문이다. 무엇보다 먼저 존재를 지향하는 삶의 마음가짐을 가지면, 사랑의 존재, 곧 사랑의 과정 및 경험 그 자체를 중요하게 여기므로 이성을 독차지하지 못하거나 잃어버릴까봐 불안해할 필요가 없기에 다른 이들에게 으르렁대지 않을 거다. >으르렁<으로 미루어 짐작하건대 우리 젊은 세대는 자긍심보다 열등감이나 시기 심이 강하고, 존재를 지향하는 삶의 마음가짐보다 소유를 지향하는 삶의 마음가짐이 강한 경향이 있다. 우리 나이든 세대의 유산일 게다. 걱정되는 것은 그러한 경향이 더 노골적이고 거칠어졌다는 점이다. 철학자만의 잘못은 아니다. 무한경쟁을 낳는 사회 구조적 원인이 가장 큰 탓이다. 하지만 철학자의 탓이기도 한 만큼 우리 철학자들이 젊은 세대의 자긍심이나 존재를 지향하는 삶의 마음가짐을 북돋우는 데 힘써야 한다.
이 글은 1960∼1970년대 한국의 지식(문화)장에서 실현된 소외의 담론정치를 냉전의 지식문화사라는 계보 속에서 읽어내고자 한다. 프랑크푸르트학파의 담론이 파편적이고도, 편의적으로 재단되어 수용되었던 한국 지식장의 사회문화적 맥락을 검토하고, 그 가운데에서 특히 프롬과 마르쿠제의 소외론이 냉전체제 아래에서 비판적 지식인들에게 어떻게 전유되는지를 살펴본다. 또한 크리스찬아카데미의 『대화』를 통해 진보적 기독교 지식인들이 >인간화<라는 주제 아래 소외개념을 변용·확산시키는 과정과, 그들이 소외의 현장과 긴밀하게 접속됨으로써 반체제 인권운동으로 달려가는 상황도 분석한다. 또한 문학 영역의 소외론이 예술의 자율성을 둘러싼 오래된 논쟁으로 진영화하는 양상을 검토한다. 이러한 과정을 통해 냉전질서 속에서 산업화를 진행하였던 1960∼1970년대 한국 담론 장에서, 과연 소외론이 >저항담론<으로서 지식사회의 의식적 각성에 기여하였는지, 혹은 궁극적으로 대중사회·산업사회를 절대화하는 >위장된 저항담론<으로 기능하였는지를 가늠해 본다.
김수영은 1945년 등단한 뒤 현실과 자신과의 투쟁 속에서 고립과 무력감을 드러내며 자신의 정체성을 확인하고자 통찰로 가득한 절규들을 산문의 형식을 빌려 노래하 였다. 특히 김수영은 4.19를 기점으로 고립과 소외에서 벗어나기 위해 적극적으로 자유를 노래하며 현실의 처지를 설움이라고 상정하고 개인과 사회와의 통일을 좁히려는 노력을 계속해 왔다. 소외는 근대의 비인간화와 함께 인간의 문제를 상정하는 중요한 부면을 지니며 인간이 자신의 본질을 유지해야 한다는 의미를 지닌다. 본고에서는 김수영 시에 나타난 소외를 >문단과 자신의 시로부터의 소외<, >생활로부 터의 소외<, >자기 자신으로부터의 소외<로 나누어 살펴보고 이를 극복하기 위해 김수영이 >조화와 통일<을 가치로 삼았음을 밝히고자 하였다. 소외는 헤겔과 마르크스를 거쳐 하이데거 그리고 프롬에 이르기까지 근대의 중요한 쟁점으로 부각되었다. 하이데거는 기술 문명의 상황이 존재자를 인정하지 않는 상황에서는 허무와 불안에 빠질 수밖에 없다고 진단하며 개인이 관계하고 있는 것이 허망하다는 생각에 빠져 소외에 직면 한다고 말한다. 김수영이 등단 초기 박인환과의 불화와 자신의 시에 대한 무력감을 표현한 것은 고립감을 드러내는 것이었다. 또한 생활에 있어서 번역 일을 하면서 이를 청부 번역이라고 한 것이나 마포구 구수동으로 이사한 뒤 닭을 키우며 자신은 변두리 인생이라는 자조에 빠진 것도 소외 때문이었다. 이와는 달리 자기 소외는 자신을 부정적으로 인식 하고 있다는 점에서 신경증적 증후를 드러낸다. 해방과 4.19 그리고 5.16과 같은 시대적 상황은 김수영에게 있어 설움과 비애와 같은 감정적 인식뿐만 아니라 자유, 정의, 양심과 같은 형이상학적 관념들을 요구했다. 그러나 김수영이 소외에 빠진 것은 결국 현실과 사유라는 비동일적 간극 때문이었다. 소외는 소외되기 전의 상황과 소외된 이후의 상황은 다르다. 김수영은 누구보다도 자신에 대해 깊이 있게 성찰한 시인이었다. 그는 한시도 자신을 방임하지 않았다. 현실과의 싸움만큼 자신과의 싸움을 멈추지 않았다. 현실과 시에 대해 상대적 완성과 절대적 완성을 탐색하고자 끊임없이 자신을 나아가게 했다. 그 도정을 통해 그는 조화와 통일을 현실과 시의 원리로 삼으며 소외를 극복하고자 하였다. 김수영이 리얼리즘과 모더니즘의 두 이즘 사이에서 균형을 이룬 것도 조화와 통일을 현실과 시의 궁극 원리로 삼았기 때문에 가능한 것이었다.
づき」の概念が位置しており、この意味で永遠の哲学はマインドフルネスの理論基盤になりうるものである。本考察ではまず、ハクスレー、スミス、ラム・ダス、ウィルバーを援用し、永遠の哲学が多次元的な理論であることを示し、とくに魂の本質が気づき、観照であり、さらにスピリットが限りない純粋な気づきであること明らかにし、非二元的気づきに言及した。つぎに気づきの存在論を、ウパニシャッド、シャンカラ、ラマナ・マハルシ、ニサルガダッタ・マハラジを引きながら検討した。そしてクリシュナムルティ、フロム、ウィルバーを用いて、気づきと身心の関連を考察し、最後にハクスレーの端緒をもとに、気づきの多次元的教育をとりあげた。
With their book Psychoanalytic perspectives on migration and exile (1989), L. Grinberg and R. Grinberg (1984) opened up a new clinical field, which had been neglected for a long time in the psychoanalytic community, although Freud’s multilinguistic competence had greatly contributed to the creation of psychoanalysis. With their book The Babel of the unconscious, Jacqueline Amati Mehler, Simona Argentieri, and Jorge Canestri were able to confirm the hypothesis that it is possible to help multilingual patients to integrate the different aspects of their self which are bound to their mother tongue and to their foreign tongue(s), and thus to allow them to develop a new identity. The author, who has been a psychoanalyst in Munich since 1999, works every day with his Italian patients in this new clinical field, that is in their common mother tongue and at the two levels of their old Italian and their new German identity. Through the detailed presentation of a clinical case, he furthermore shows how, on the one hand, the migration creates a new space in which therapy actually becomes possible, and on the other hand, not only therapy, but also the kind of relationship developed by the patients to their >new country< plays a decisive role in the whole process. Such a frame proved to be particularly good for the emergence, revisitation, and reelaboration of the transgenerational trauma around which the case of Penelope is centered. The author further assumes that the theme of >migration and identity< is becoming more and more important in our globalized world, with clinical consequences whose elaboration requires a specific cultural and technical preparation.
In 1929, Wilhelm Reich lectured on >Psychoanalysis as a natural science< before the Communist Academy in Moscow; he was the only Freudian-trained Central European psychoanalyst to do so. That same year, his article >Dialectical materialism and psychoanalysis< was published in the Academy's journal, Under the Banner of Marxism, in both Moscow and Berlin. By this time, Reich's involvement with political activism aligned with the Austrian Communist Party was increasing, while simultaneously psychoanalysis in the Soviet Union was in decline. Our paper places these events in their proper historical context and includes a discussion of the various attempts to determine the compatibility of psychoanalysis and Marxism. We offer analyses of both the article, >Dialectical materialism and psychoanalysis,< and the lecture, >Psychoanalysis as a natural science,< and the reactions to both by Reich's Russian critics. We show the ways in which responses to his lecture foreshadow what becomes the standard Soviet assessment of psychoanalysis. As an appendix to this paper, we provide the first English translation of the Russian account of his lecture, as published in the Herald of the Communist Academy.
Vorwort des Herausgebers
(2018)
The psychoanalytic movement is experiencing a serious crisis: its scientific consensus, social standing, and impact on practice in mental health have all been steadily declining over the last decades. This unfortunate process has been variously explained in terms of prevailing hedonistic social values, the political influence of drug companies, and cuts in health-related expenditures. Following a suggestion by Garza Guerrero, we rather believe that the sources of the contemporary crisis in psychoanalysis are to be searched for within its own development and current social and cultural life. Specifically, we think psychoanalysis has failed to bring the revolutionary contribution of interpersonal and intersubjective paradigms to its fuller consequences. Here, we review five core dimensions in which such failure is particularly apparent: (1) an unwitting reliance on the medical model of mental illness; (2) an ontological, concrete understanding of unconscious processes; (3) a manifest failure to fully appreciate the role of extratransference relationships in the patient’s life; (4) a naive and idealized view of the psychoanalyst’s person and role; and (5) a marginal awareness of the impact of group-level unconscious phenomena on the social life of psychoanalytic institutions.
Kadın cinayetleri Türkiye’de önemli bir toplumsal sorun olarak varlığını korumaktadır. Cinayetlerin temelinde şiddet ve saldırganlık eğilimlerinin etkisi görülmektedir. Bu sebeple şiddetin psikolojik boyutu cinayet eylemlerinde belirleyici olmaktadır. Saldırganlık eğilimi birikerek bir şekilde gelişerek cinayet eylemlerine dönüşmektedir. Kadın cinayetleri incelenirken öncelikle bireyde mevcut bulunan saldırgan davranışların ele alınması gerekmektedir. Çalışmada şiddet ve saldırganlık eğilimlerinin bireysel anlamda psikolojik temelleri üzerine teorik çalışmalara değinilmektedir. Erich Fromm ve Sigmund Freud’un saldırganlık tipolojileri kuramsal açıdan dikkate değer görülmektedir. Çalışmada yöntem olarak vaka çalışması tercih edilmektedir. Çalışma kapsamında Türkiye’de son on yılda işlenen kadın cinayetleri ele alınmaktadır. Toplamda 2380 kadın cinayetinden 1260 vaka incelenmektedir. İncelenen vakalarda sağlıklı sonuçlar elde edilmesi bakımından nicelik, nitelik, işleniş biçimi ve sebepleri bakımından aydınlatılmış olması temel referans noktasını oluşturmaktadır. Cinayet eylemlerinde failin özellikleri, öldürme biçimi, sebebi, katil ve maktul ilişkisi dikkate alınmaktadır. Kadınların, en sık vakit geçirdiği kişiler tarafından öldürüldü gözlenmektedir. Cinayet işleme biçiminde ateşli silahlar yoğun olarak kullanılmaktadır. Cinayetlerde erkeğin özgürlük alanının daralması ve erkeğin kadın üzerindeki hâkimiyetinin ortadan kalkması önemli sebepleri oluşturmaktadır. Çalışmada cinayet sebepleri üzerinden ortak odak noktaları tespit edilerek çözüm önerileri sunulmaktadır. Kadına yönelik cinayet eylemlerinde bireysel silahlanma ve uzun vadede cinayeti önleyici politikalar üzerine yoğunlaşılmaktadır. Çalışmanın amacı işlenen kadın cinayetleri üzerinden vaka çalışması yaparak teorik çalışmalar ışığında bir takım çözüm önerileri sunmaktır.
This paper tries to outline two different ways of thinking about the concept of negative liberty. On the one hand, one can think of negative liberty in the external view that is entitled the external negative liberty in this paper. Here, human being is free if no one stops him/her from doing whatever s/he may want to do. On the other hand, one can think of negative liberty in the internal sense that is entitled the internal negative freedom by the researcher. In this view, human being realizes him/ herself as a person who exists separately from others but s/he does not have his or her own identity. For this purpose, after analyzing of two approaches through a two prominent thinkers’ standpoints including Isaiah Berlin and Erich Fromm, this question is going to be answered; what negative liberty is based on the two new perspectives, the external and internal perspectives.
In this article we will explore the postmodern conception of the >death< of the subject and the fol-lowing postmodern philosophical premises: the critique of the master narratives, the critique of metaphysics, the deconstruction of foundationalism, and the critique of the Enlightenment notion of the autonomous and free subject. In the central part of the article we will explore the limitations of the postmodern philosophy and introduce Fromm’s notion of the birth of the self in the time-history continuum. Contrary to the postmodern philosophy, we will insist on Fromm’s non-essentialist notion of being as a paradox and on the notion of the human agency which is crucial for the psychoanalytic (therapeutic) work and a personal transformation.
In this article, I claim that humor can be a form of social pathology. In opposition to the general humor-affirmative atmosphere, I develop the critical tradition of humor research, and suggest that there is a darker side to fun and laughter. Using insights from Henri Bergson’s theory about laughter and Erich Fromm’s critical social thinking, I formulate a novel theoretical combination which opens up fruitful perspectives on contemporary humor and its social nature. This empirically motivated conceptual position helps us to understand the role and function of humor and laughter. My conclusion is that parts of the contemporary humor catalogue reflect collective destructive and even death-orientated tendencies. The main argument is that if humor is not in line with humanistic values and is not based on a life-orientated worldview, it is in danger of becoming pathological.
Criminology (as the scientific study of criminal behaviour on the individual and social level) and psychology (as the science, which seeks to understand individuals and groups) pay special attention to motivation – a theoretical construction, used to explain behaviour. In this article the motivation of recipients of bribery is widely investigated. In addition to such well-established motives as greediness, selfishness, prevalence of personal interest, the author analyzes also other criminal behaviour determinants. The works, which are used in this research are of the following authors: John Broadus Watson, Edward Lee Thorndike (Behavioural); Sigmund Freud, Erich Fromm (Psychoanalysis); Carl Rogers, Abraham Maslow (Existential-humanistic theories); William Isaac Thomas (Thomas theorem); Florian Witold Znaniecki (sociological theory); Erik Homburger Erikson (theory on psychosocial development of human beings); Jean William Fritz Piaget (theory of cognitive development); Herbert Lefcourt, Ronald Smith (>Locus of Control<) etc. As the result of this research the author has concluded that bribe-takers’ behaviour is determined by such psychological constructs as the desire for power, fear, envy, mental deflections, mania, feeling of exclusion, the need for extreme, oppressed creativity.
The 50-minute hour is a feature of psychoanalytic work that is most commonly discussed in the context of case reports. This paper examines it as a concept. The author starts by describing the origin of the 50-minute hour and its development as an element of the psychoanalytic setting or framework. Next, he considers the significance of the clock as a relational factor in the session and reflects on the alienness of the time of day to the unconscious, and the consequences of this alienness. He then uses a clinical example to illustrate the phenomenon of the stretching effect of time in analytic sessions. Finally, the author demonstrates how cleverly the 50-minute hour excises the time needed for unconscious processes from our accelerated present; he shows that it challenges the social convention of time, and has a structuring effect in that it >times< psychic processes.
This paper studies the interaction of the clinical theories of two major British theorists, Melanie Klein and Donald Winnicott. Through three clinical examples, we see how the >Klein-Winnicott dialectic< operates in a significantly developmental fashion to advance and fulfill clinical work. Winnicott’s >object survival< is looked at in developmental conjunction with Klein’s >mourning< as a primary clinical and developmental process. This interaction also captures the essence of working with the aggression of a self that has been traumatically disrupted within its early development. This paper demonstrates how such work leads to the assimilation and grieving of primal object loss, evolving into a >developmental mourning process.< This developmental mourning includes the working-through of an >abandonment depression< in the character-disordered patient. A clinical example in a 1989 essay on >psychic pain< by Betty Joseph is used to set up the clinical challenge of going beyond the symptomatic clinging behavior of developmental arrest, into full psychic birth as a separate other, an Other who can relate to an Other. Conclusively, the subjective visceral affect noted and monitored in its clinical dimensions here is that of human >heartache,< which can also include regret.
The Art oft Leading. The Significance of Personality and Character in the Choice of Business Leaders
(2018)
The paper attempts to explore the patient–analyst contribution to the analytic process – focusing mainly on the contribution of the analysand – and how their mutual influence might affect the outcome, sometimes beyond the analyst’s capabilities. This is approached through exploration of the co-creation of an intersubjective analytic field by the analytic dyad, in which the analytic phenomena occur, somehow in both participants, but in an asymmetrical way. Their co-creation of the analytic third in this space includes conflictual as well as healthy elements of themselves. The analyst’s professional self and the analysand’s healthy ego parts form an unconscious alliance directed towards a common cause, the progress of analysis, which unavoidably affects both. Clinical material and vignettes from three cases are presented. In these, becomes apparent that the patient can temporarily take over the analytic situation, permitting continuation of the analytic progress. It is argued that, through the above process, a patient can often help and support the analytic process, surpassing the weaknesses and defects that their analyst might have. Influences on patients’ developing mentalization.
Some have attempted to address the popular acceptance of irrational ideas like fascism or capitalism through various combinations of the work of Marx and different forms of psychoanalysis. Some of the better - known attempts in this regard are Erich Fromm’s humanistic psychoanalysis, Wilhelm Reich’s discussion of the role of repressed sexuality as a control mechanism, and today, the philosopher Slavoj Žižek’s explanation via Marx’s theory of commodity fetishism and Lacan’s psychoanalysis.
Here we introduce the dissertation program PSAID (Postgraduate Studies for the Advancement of Individual Dissertations), conducted at the International Psychoanalytic University in Berlin, Germany. We tell stories about our experience: about a wish to sum up in a dissertation after long years of clinical practice what has been learnt in diving deeply into human experience; about the fear of losing one’s identity when something new is to be learned, either planning a research study or conducting an interview that has not clinical but research-driven orientations; about the >biography of theory< – what motivates therapists to make a choice between psychoanalysis or cognitive-behavioral therapy; about how the experience of listening changes when you do not hear a voice but read a transcript and understand how many details allude to a relationship and influence your perception and thinking; about the experience of seeing a voice visualized on an audiogram; about summing up certain characteristics of >situations< in the consulting room. We propose not only to distinguish >online/offline< research, but to include >situationism< as a third concept.
Treatment for drug-induced depression usually consists of cessation or reduction of the causative agent and psychopharmacologic management. In addition, psychotherapy can be useful as an adjunctive treatment. The author presents case material related to a young woman with an inborn physical illness, who became depressed during the course of interferon treatment for a medical complication, hepatitis virus infection. In addition to the cessation of interferon and pharmacologic management, supportive psychotherapy of a psychodynamic orientation was started in order to address the patient’s low self-esteem and anxiety about her future. During the course of psychotherapy, it was understood that the premature cessation of interferon was, to her, a narcissistic injury. It was also important to explore the meanings of her inborn illness and her guilty feelings. After reviewing various formulations of depression, the author discusses the case material from an integrative perspective, which describes vicious cycles of depression.
This paper explores how Sullivan's interpersonal theory can be applied clinically and illustrates this with a clinical case. It considers the emotional impact, on the clinician, of a Sullivanian point of view. Each theoretical orientation equips the analyst differently. Sullivanian technique impacts the analyst's focus, feelings of competence, and hopefulness. Although each theory emphasizes different aspects of the clinical material, this paper suggests that there is a set of clinical values that inspire the work of all analysts, regardless of orientation.
Straipsnyje analizuojama Erich’o Fromm’o suformuota produktyvaus charakterio struktūra, kuri yra ir humanistinės vertybės išreiškimo sąlyga. Ši charakterio struktūra analizuojama kaip tam tikras atskaitos taškas, kuriuo būtų galima vertinti naują technologijų formuojamą realybę. Tokio tipo analizės pasirinkimas susijęs su tuo, kad naujoji technologinė realybė sparčiai kinta kokybiškai. Todėl kyla klausimas, ar įmanoma suformuoti tokį jos kritinio vertinimo atskaitos tašką, kuris, viena vertus, tarnautų humanistiniams tikslams, kita vertus, leistų vertinti įvykusius technologijų kokybinius pokyčius. Taip pat pateikiama E. Fromm’o suformuoto produktyvaus charakterio įpraktinimo kritika ir tolesnės šios temos nagrinėjimo galimos perspektyvos.
This dissertation tries to prove that the so-called philosopher on the throne can be a better ruler not only than dictator but also than contemporary liberal democratic politician. Since the sixth century BC, when the human undertook a systematic and critical contemplation upon surrounding reality, she/he has begun to dream about political rulers to be guided in their doings by the imperative of reason. In principal, the higher level of spiritual culture characterized the rulers, the more likely their subjects were to live to a great age in relative peace. That is why for centuries it has been dreamed of a political system that is something like a kind of a sophocracy. The most complete picture of such a sovereign, which fulfilled dreams about a sage in the crown, was outlined by Plato in his State. In his point of view, as long as the lovers of wisdom will not have royal power in the states, or the rulers will not begin to love wisdom honestly, there is no help for states and for the human race. Nevertheless, over the centuries, authority was enforced mainly by physical strength and not by reason. It was not until the twentieth century that democracy brought freedom and equality of rights, thanks to which political power became more rational. Unfortunately, also contemporary liberal democracy is not free from fundamental contradictions that can bring about its collapse. The main contradiction is the increasingly smaller influence of citizens – who in the theory of democracy are the only legal sovereign – on political decision-making. This is accompanied by the enhancing influence of entities with no democratic legitimacy, e.g. global corporations that do not care about the common (public) good, but only about their own. These entities use the growing intellectual and ethical weakness of democratic politicians whose purpose is their own particular interest and not the happiness (good) of their citizens. This may indicate a slow system disintegration. For this reason liberal democracy needs politicians who are wise enough to realize this threat. Of all the people in the history of the world who led political communities, to the Platonic ideal in the highest degree (among others, like T. G. Masaryk and Á. Göncz) got closer the man who, paradoxically, never wanted to be a ruler. Václav Havel's thought is a critique of both Soviet post-totalitarianism and Western democracy. In his opinion both systems, though to a different degree, alienate a human trying to reduce her/him to the role of a machine's cog. Havel proposes that every citizen take individual and global responsibility for herself/himself and the whole world, because only in this way she/he can consciously exert real influence over political decisions. What is more, this is the only way to build a politics that aims – if possible – the happiness of every person. Havel realizes that in today's world this attitude is extremely impractical and very difficult to apply in everyday life. Nevertheless, he knows no better possibility.
Schooling, followed by its modernized acclaim in educational standard is distorted with the ideal concept of education. Educational model and custom is kept in form of violence for the sake of achieving so-called disciplined product. It is not only physical but also includes non-physical forces as emotional and psychic are delivered in symbols. It is a part of expectation conflict, as well as internal part of social relation of parents and their children, teachers and their students, even society and children. At the same time, changes in educational ideologies is taking its root in child abuse even more. Education become severely see children as objects, which means reification. This study, using Erich Fromm’s approach, emphasizes in child abuse phenomenon related to Indonesian educational ideologies as a form of modern society's aggression. Timeline of educational ideologies is studied to reveal sources of child abuse within. Critical discourse analysis by Laclau and Mouffe is the method for deconstructing and acting to transformation of internal contradiction between educational ideologies and sources of child abuse. Results of this study show how in each educational ideology tropologically and historiographically implies violence, and that recent educational ideologies is facing crisis to legitimate its irrational authority of social modern society character, which, eventually, sharpen the root to child abuse in educational processes.
Sosyal Araştırmalar Enstitü’sü, eleştirel perspektifi daima göz önünde bulundurarak çalışmalarını yürüten, tarihsel süreç içerisinde birçok konu, olay ve sorun olarak gördükleri alanlarda çalışmalarda bulunan Almanya merkezli bir okuldur. Enstitü üyelerinin yayımlanan çalışmalarında tarih, sosyoloji, siyaset bilimi gibi başat alanlar göze çarpar niteliktedir. Psikanaliz konusundaki çalışmaları ise diğer alanlara göre oldukça sayılı fakat bir o kadar da incelenmeye değerdir. Bu çalışmada, Enstitü’ye katıldığı ilk dönemde kendisini NeoFreudcu olarak addeden Erich Fromm’dan yola çıkarak Enstitü üyelerinin psikanalizle ilgili çalışmaları incelenmiş ve üyelerin bu bilimsel alana olan olumlu-olumsuz görüşleri ele alınmıştır. Çalışmanın amacı, birçok alanda sosyal bilimler adına çok değerli çalışmalara imza atan bu kuramcıların psikanalize ve Freud’un kuramlarına bakış açılarını yansıtmak ve psikanalizi kendi çalışma larında nasıl kullandıklarını belirlemektir.
This paper posits that an infusion of psychoanalytic concepts into the teaching of sociology in undergraduate liberal arts curricula offers a route to expanding students’ understanding of how self and society are entwined in a condition of mutual crisis in contemporary society. We argue that the liberatory project at the core of the liberal arts is served well by linking the critical perspectives found in these two disciplines. We provide as specific examples from our own teaching: (1) a demonstration of how Freud’s concept of neurosis has an affinity with Marx’s concept of alienation; and (2) a discussion of how the torture sequence in Orwell’s 1984 presents an inversion of a psychoanalytic treatment through which the power of propaganda is illuminated. We conclude that teaching the two disciplines in tandem helps students grasp how the self is a socially constructed entity and how the orthodoxies of neurosis and social control are available for critique and change.
This paper follows up Bion’s development, focusing its attention on Cogitations in particular and suggesting that it can be read as a sort of new >Clinical Diary< à la Ferenczi. The authors, showing us both the link between the writings of the London Bion and those of the American one, stress the dramatic change that took place in his theoretical and technical position around about 1967, when he crossed the Atlantic for working and teaching in North and Latin America, and gradually arrived to formulate a kind of listening more authentically centered on his own thoughts and emotions and those of the patient during the analytic encounter.
Realist scholars are increasingly turning their attention to Pierre Bourdieu's concept of habitus or dispositions as a way of theorizing thought and behaviour. In this article, the author offers a contribution, based on Erich Fromm's social psychology, to the realist theory of habitus. The author argues that while Bourdieu and Fromm both see the quest for meaning as the source of subjectivity in social life, Fromm goes further than Bourdieu in analysing the psychodynamic consequences of the acquisition of habitus. Fromm provides additional tools to understand the properties of habitus that emerge from its interaction with primary psychological needs. Principally, Fromm's work reveals an undertheorized set of emergent properties of habitus.
This paper presents Fromm’s (1900–1980) ap-proach to religion and religiosity, in light of Hermann Cohen (1842–1918) thought. Despite differences in their thought, Cohen and Fromm share some things in common. Their critique of culture is based on a unique definition of das Individuum, the human condition. They demon-strate a cautious approach to modernity and progress.
In proposing a refounding of psychoanalysis within a humanist perspective, the author suggests a comparison between Elie Wiesel’s discussion of concepts such as witnessing, testimony, and memory as redemption, and Sandor Ferenczi’s idea of the therapist as >benevolent and useful witness,< who, thanks to his/her true empathic and committed participation, in contrast to Freud’s neutrality, enables the patient to achieve real awareness of the split parts within him- or herself, as well as an integration of the fragmentation due to trauma. Against >indifference,< the practice of connectedness, responsibility, memory, love, and forgiveness as true elaboration of trauma and >going beyond< are proposed as tools towards a >persistence of the human< in a world of increasing dehumanization.
This article addresses both the rewards and the daunting complexities of teaching psychoanalysis to undergraduates in the USA, where the idea of a university as a site for the cultivation of the life of the mind is under siege. The essay recommends a close critical reading of key Freudian texts, the establishment of a classroom atmosphere of trust, genuine respect for expectable student skepticism, and the capacity to wait as dystonic ideas gradually take hold and reveal their worth. Speed, a ubiquitous feature and a questionable desideratum of twenty-first century US culture, as well as facile cleverness, a desideratum within academia, tell against the psychoanalytic process, which is long, slow, halting, laborious, and painful, but a process that can, at best, open what has heretofore been sealed.
Psychoanalysis and academia: Psychoanalysis at the crossroads between exact and human sciences
(2018)
It is proposed that the mental health crisis in >developed< societies is largely due to the fact that psychology is heavily based upon an exact science model academically, and upon a medical model clinically. Indeed, these models favor an apperception of mental pathologies as essential entities with a biological etiology, and this reification facilitates a process of nonimplication of the sufferer as concerns his condition. The progress in brain sciences holds the promise of acknowledging psychology as an autonomous discipline, properly describing mental logics, which are constrained, but not determined, by brain characteristics; moreover, mental logical operations mandatorily need content from the contingent history of the subject's life to become instantiated. Psychology, then, is at the interface between an exact science and a human science epistemology. Consequently, we need psychologists and clinicians in the field of mental health who can apply a particularized approach to mental distress, who can deal with the personal feeling of nonmastery, who can base their clinical thinking on the patient's story, and who thereby systematically stay away from any essentializing temptation, while simultaneously being aware that the theoretical framework they operate from is embedded in a continuous scientific dialogue. Psychoanalysis is at that crossroads.
O objetivo deste artigo é abordar a noção de sistema de crenças dentro da psicologia da religião através de três elementos que parecem cruciais para tal compreensão. Inicialmente tratar a experiência religiosa como elemento formado a partir de um sistema de crenças constituído no campo psíquico e, depois, propor um levantamento das obras de dois autores (Sigmund Freud e Erich Fromm) da psicanálise que abordaram a experiência religiosa em algumas de suas obras, e em terceiro, compor um perfil significativo da psicologia das crenças em questão. Trata-se de um estudo revisional exploratório. A motivação para esse estudo situa-se no conjunto de estudos que venho propondo nos campos da antropologia, psicologia e sociologia sobre o que concebo por sistema de crenças. A questão é se os autores e obras que venho analisando tocam nesta questão, sem necessariamente se darem conta de que estão tratando de uma estrutura tão elementar para a formação social quanto as demais. A premissa básica é de que autores e obras analisadas dão subsidio para tal localização. Espera-se não só neste artigo, mas no estudo como um todo, chegar a noções conceituais sólidas sobre o sistema de crenças e seu papel cultural, psíquico e social.
The article examines features of stability and transformation of the personality type emerging as a normative and value image of the modern Russian society. Based on approaches of Erich Fromm, David Riesman, Yuri Levada, two trends can be revealed: one of them aims to preserve those archetypal characteristics so typical of >Soviet human<, another one deals with formation of new properties that would meet goals of market oriented society and define features of individual success. Russian society is characteristic of global processes of values modernization, reasoned by R. Inglehart and C. Welzel, and reflecting individual’s pursuance of greater personal freedom and self-expression. The new value system of the Russians is still nascent; giving up on old social and cultural reality is of phantom nature. Previous research analysis allows concluding that the personality type is balancing between two poles, caused by socio-economic conditions fluctuation, poor establishment of institutional factors for system implementation of the new model, missing of a clear vision of the future, which could serve as a reference. Russian society appears to be split according to the typological dominance factor into two groups – active and passive. The problem arises on how lack of uniform symbolic and semantic field effects the modern personality type formation as it leads to social relations mobility, ongoing risk and complex processes in semio-phychological space. However, the personality type instability may be also caused by socio-cultural specifics, traditions, lack of public communication space development, preservation of former institutional structures and a particular lifestyle.
Prefacio
(2018)
Dongeng pada umumnya memberikan nilai-nilai moral baik dan buruk. Hal itu dicerminkan oleh perilaku tokoh. Dalam dongeng ada perilaku tokoh yang positif dan juga yang negatif. Salah satunya adalah perilaku kejam atau sadisme yang dilakukan antar tokoh.Dongeng Schneewittchen dan Aschenputtel karya Brüder Grimm adalah contohnya. Di sini terdapat tokoh yang memiliki perilaku positif juga perilaku negatif berupa perilaku sadisme. Rumusan masalah penelitian ini adalah (1) Perilaku sadisme berjenis apakah yang dilakukan tokoh dalam dongeng Schneewittchen dan Aschenputtel? (2) Apakah penyebab adanya perilaku sadisme tokoh dalam dongeng Schneewittchen dan Aschenputtel karya Brüder Grimm? Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) mendeskripsikan perilaku sadisme tokoh dalam dongeng Schneewittchen dan Aschenputtel. (2) mendeskripsikan penyebab terjadinya perilaku sadisme yang dilakukan tokoh dalam dongeng Schneewittchen dan Aschenputtel karya Brüder Grimm. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif. Sumber data penelitian adalah dongeng Schneewittchen dan Aschenputtel dalam kumpulan dongeng Kinder -und Hausmärchen karya Brüder Grimm. Data penelitian ini adalah kalimat yang menunjukkan perilaku sadisme dalam dongeng Schneewittchen dan Aschenputtel karya Brüder Grimm. Penelitian ini menggunakan teori sadisme Erich Fromm untuk menemukan rumusan masalah satu serta untuk menemukan rumusan masalah dua menggunakan teori agresi Sears. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) perilaku sadisme dalam dongeng Schneewittchen merupakan jenis sadisme non-seksual (fisik) dengan bentuk perilaku membunuh. Dan perilaku sadisme dalam dongeng Aschenputtel merupakan jenis sadisme non-seksual (fisik) dan sadisme mental dengan bentuk perilaku menyiksa dan menghina. Serta dalam kedua dongeng tersebut tidak ditemukan jenis sadisme seksual. (2) penyebab tokoh dalam dongeng Schneewittchen melakukan perilaku sadisme adalah adanya rasa kompetisi dan adanya serangan dari orang lain sedangkan dalam dongeng Aschenputtel adalah karena rasa permusuhan dan ingin mencapai tujuan lain.
Modern society is marked with utmost ambivalence. There is the utmost desire to be free, creative, and productive. Yet, our creative and productive desires trap us and now control our own freedom to become. Couple this inconsistency with the rapid sociostructural changes, fragmentation of traditions, and dissolution of communal well-being, what we have is a life of uncertainty. It is a life debased from its very ontological foundation with the transmission of technorationalities of the capitalist industry. In modernity, we could no longer speak of individuality and subjectivity since the very historical thread that serve as its foundation is now wavered towards accumulation and possession of the capital. Moreover, this overleaning towards the capital deadens us unconsciously that we mistake this for reality. The market ideology with all its rationalizations reifies human consciousness to the extent that we consider the technorationalities as the ontological normative structure. As a result, there is a growing dislocation of subjectivity which leads to neurotic social behaviors and inner social contradictions. As a result, we have our own social discontents. It is then the aim of this paper to ponder on the psychosocial effects of the market economy. I argue that there is a need to look at the effects of this economic system that perpetually delineate subjective experiences and plunge humanity into incontrovertible pseudo images. It is at this point that Fromm’s radical psychosocial interpretation of society becomes binding. I argue with Fromm that our social libidinal drives or what he termed as social characterology, which we are all unconscious of, must be thoroughly brought to fore. I claim that this particular characterology result to the obstructions of a normal and healthy society.
Patients contribute to analytic endeavors through a knowledge of their own unique ways of organizing their experience, of building an intersubjective space with significant others, of the type of life that they consider worth living, and primarily of their specific passions and yearnings. The more that therapists allow the patients’ unique self-knowledge to influence their therapeutic perceptions and decisions, the further they will advance patients’ status as co-experts working together with the therapist to create and formulate new, richer knowledge. In the present article, it is suggested that one of the main reasons why patients’ self-knowledge is excluded from the therapeutic dialogue is that the persuasive power of the therapists’ rich and deep knowledge challenges the patients’ self-authority. Through an illustrative vignette, therapists are recommended to use a metacommunication intervention to restore the balance that has been undermined between the therapist’s authority and the patient’s self-authority.
This paper applies the theoretical framework of Fromm’s humanistic psychology to examine the reported content of North Korean defectors’ dreams during sleep and considers what the psychological data suggests about the defectors’ past social experience in authoritarian North Korea and their present social situation as adults learning to adjust to a new life in neo-liberal South Korea.
Wśród myślicieli zajmujących się tematyką miłości na szczególną uwagę zasługują erich fromm i Hans Urs von Balthasar. obaj, czyniąc miłość jednym z ważniejszych zagadnień swych naukowych rozważań, traktują ją jako rozwiązanie ludzkich trudności i coś, co nadaje życiu sens. Dokonują wnikliwej analizy społeczeństwa, człowieka i czasów, w jakich przyszło im żyć i w ramach tej re fleksji prezentują wielopłaszczyznowe podejście do zagadnienia miłości. ich spojrzenie, a w szczegól ności różnice w ich postrzeganiu miłości, są ciekawe także ze względu na ich zbliżony kontekst historyczny (podobne lata życia) i kulturowy. artykuł, mając na uwadze odmienność stosowanej przez autorów metodologii i inną perspektywę (psychologiczną, filozoficzną czy teologiczną), ukazuje podobieństwa i różnice w ich myśli, a także poka zuje, że Hans Urs von Balthasar idzie o krok dalej niż erich fromm, analizując miłość w nieznanych temu drugiemu przestrzeniach.
One of major challenges facing contemporary psychiatry is the insufficient grasp of relationship between individual and collective mental pathologies. A long tradition of diagnosing >mental illness< of society – exemplified by Erich Fromm – stands apart from approach of contemporary social psychiatry and is not perceived as relevant for psychiatric discourse. In this Perspective article, I argue that it is possible to uphold the idea of a supra-individual dimension to mental health, while avoiding the obvious pitfalls involved in categorical diagnosing of society as suffering from mental illness. I argue for an extended notion of public mental ill-health, which goes beyond the quantitative understanding of mental health as an aggregate of individual diseased minds captured in statistics, and which can be conceived as a dynamic, emergent property resulting from interactions of individual brains/minds in social space. Such a notion, in turn, presents a challenge of how to account for the interfacing between individual minds/brains and the collective mental phenomena. A suitable theoretical framework is provided by the notion of epidemiology of representations, originally formulated by cognitive anthropologist Dan Sperber. Within this framework, it is possible to highlight the role of public (material) representations in inter-individual transfer of mental representations and mental states. It is a suitable conceptual platform to explain how the troubling experiences with causal or mediating role on mental health, to a significant degree arise through a person’s direct interaction with material representations and participation in collective mental states, again generated by material representations.
I examined a better therapeutic approach for addressing the heart-rending emotional state of a client exposed to serious traumatic experiences during early childhood without experiencing affect attunement from surrounding adults. The clinical case describes a woman in her early 20s who had lost her memory of past sexual abuse by her father. She visited an on-campus student counseling room complaining of feeling she was >not herself.< This paper focuses on intersubjective exchanges involving moments when her traumatic experiences were about to be revived during weekly face-to-face psychoanalytic psychotherapy. I took note of the joint attention that developed between us concerning my attunement with her painful emotional experiences. We eventually shared subjective affective states fostered within a safe mental space. Using this as a starting point, we traced the process by which she came to accept the painful memories and associated experiences surrounding the heart-wrenching affect that she had had no choice but to >shroud in darkness,< as well as accepting her feelings of reality. I made use of knowledge from infant research shedding light on how two people can instantly mutually influence their actions and behaviors, and explored, in great detail, what sort of implicit relatedness had developed between us.
Building on bell hooks’ conceptualization of love as a mode of political resistance, this article explores how prisoners’ radio employs love to combat injustice. Through an examination of two prisoners’ radio projects – The Prison Show in Texas and Restorative Radio in Kentucky – I argue that incarcerated people and their loved ones appropriate the radio to perform public and revolutionary acts of love, countering the oppressive forces of mass incarceration in the United States. By unapologetically positioning their love for prisoners front and center, ordinary Americans subvert systems of oppression which mark incarcerated folks as incapable and unworthy of love. Love is an intrinsic marker of humanity, so prisoners’ radio allows the incarcerated and their advocates on the outside to actively challenge the dehumanization that people face behind bars.
Love as an Active Choice
(2018)
Thanks to Nestor Haddaway, one cannot simply ask, >What is love?< without instinctually following it with the lyrics >Baby don’t hurt me, don’t hurt me, no more<, and I couldn’t bring myself to do it in this essay. However, now that I have posed the question – and gotten that song stuck in my head I’d like to ask the question in a better way: How does one love? The root of society’s widespread confusion on love is that it is not asking the right question. By asking how to love, one can then move on to ask more specific questions, particularly, how to maintain one’s individuality in love. I argue, with the help of Erich Fromm’s book >The Art of Loving< and Bell Hooks’ book >All About Love< that this image of a moving statue, >Man and Woman<, by Tamara Kvesitadze (Fig. 1) represents the answer to this question with its oscillation between the individuality and the connectedness needed for mature love. Contrary to the common conceptions that love is simple and out of one’s control, love is an active balance – a constant motion – between being together and yet separate.
Here, I attempt to formulate some thoughts about the past, present, and future of psychoanalysis and its institutions in Germany. To do this, I have employed my varied experience as a supervisor and consultant to many such psychoanalytic institutes over the past several years. Themes discussed include the history of psychoanalysis in postwar Germany, the organizational structure of German psychoanalytic institutes, and their cultures in regard to group and organizational dynamics, and political and economic aspects. Finally, I add brief thoughts about the future, taking into account recent developments relating to planned changes in laws governing psychotherapy in Germany. Further, I attempt to analyze and comment on: coming to terms with the past; how to begin after the >Zero Hour<; the form of organization of psychoanalytic institutes in Germany; missing patients and missing candidates; constructive debate and hurting people’s feelings; the lack of >detoxification< and >recycling< of the poisonous remains of psychoanalytic processes; and the future of psychoanalytic institutions in Germany. I end with an example of a typical primary task used in conducting large groups in the institutes in which I worked, and include an anonymized table listing individual interventions, their duration, and frequency. These should provide an idea of my way of working, and an overview of the dimensions of the task.
This paper examines how clinicians can arrive at effective therapeutic action by means other than spoken language. The paper presents a view that resonating affective states promote intimacy in the therapeutic encounter and is in fact a vital part of the curative process of psychotherapy. This emotional interchange supplements traditional notions of insight by adding an aspect of an >embodied self< who knows. A clinical case that demonstrates this view is presented and discussed.
Analytic therapy enables patients to relive and repair failures to promote their mentalization by parental figures. However, therapists also fail temporarily to provide the patients with a growth-promoting environment when their patterns of reflexivity on the patients’ experience are undermined. These temporary failures create new opportunities for therapists to access unformulated knowledge about their patients’ experiences and enrich their reflexivity on them, and for the patients to promote their ability to hold themselves in their own minds.
Identity theft
(2018)
Psychoanalysis has almost disappeared from the curricula of most American universities, which I illustrate by the case of the department of psychology at my own university, Harvard. Courses on psychoanalysis are very rare there and it is mostly seen as a part of history of psychology and not as a set of ideas that can be useful nowadays. Personality models developed by Freud or Melanie Klein, as well as many more contemporary psychoanalysts, are, however, still very relevant for the humanities. This is particularly the case for Shakespeare studies and I am trying to show that despite the fact that psychoanalysis can enrich this field, less and less students show interest in it or are willing to admit that they themselves may have unconscious reactions. I focus on the usefullness of the concept of projective identification and propose the thesis that is another name for the activities of theater, and indeed for theater itself.
Business and economy use advertising to promote their products and to increase their profits. Political parties also try to win votes with the help of commercial propaganda. Every step of the way we are accompanied by advertising, our everyday life and our culture are shaped by it.This article asks how the permanent confrontation with advertising affects the recipients. What consequences does propaganda and manipulation have for people who are exposed to this constant influence? The phenomenon of the Homo oeconomicus is also examined in this context. The Homo economicus is primarily a person who consumes and subconsciously identifies with his or her consumption. He's addicted to consumption. Advertising determines the life of the Homo oeconomicus. The psychologist Erich Fromm already dealt with the phenomenon of exuberant materialism in his book >To have or to be< in the 20th century. This book in particular and his work in general are also presented in this article. Fromm propagated a >rational< consumption that focuses on the real needs of people. A separate chapter is dedicated to Edward Bernays, the nephew of Sigmund Freud, a pioneer of public relations, whose work >Propaganda< – his famous book from 1928, which is still surprisingly current – is presented. Gewista is an Austrian advertising company. This company is in the focus of this article because we can find its out-of-home commercials also in places that were previously free of advertising. That's why the story of Gewista is told and its product range will be presented.Using the example of Gewista there will be asked for the self-image and the foreign attributions of advertising companies. These companies offer a service they describe themselves as a form of communication. Therefore, the article also analyzes whether advertising can really be seen as a topic of communication theories.
In recent years, identity-based movements have increasingly been criticized by outsiders for espousing a >culture of outrage< both in terms of their academic expressions and activist mobilizations. In the present study, I examine this charge from within the struggle by advancing a self-reflexive socio-psychological investigation into certain emotional responses, attitudes, and practices that have, in significant ways, come to define this type of political agitation. Specifically, I focus my analysis on anti-racist feminism given my personal ties and investment in this movement. Following Wendy Brown, I investigate whether anti-racist feminism suffers from the Nietzschean affliction of ressentiment, and if so, what can be done to reorient the movement towards a more affirmative and humanist future. I address this latter objective through the work of Erich Fromm who I argue provides us with insights that are especially pertinent to our current problem, and which, when developed further with the aid of anti-racist interventions, can offer a fruitful means to moving forward.
Posing the question of the possibility of transference at the moment of a decompensation, the author proposes rethinking the psychiatric concept of >unmotivated laughter< in light of psychoanalytic experience, taking a case study as a point of departure. In the present research, the intention is to understand the rule of laughter outside the conception of the joke (Witz), by tracing the trajectory of the conceptualization of laughter from Freudian to Lacanian psychoanalysis. This review is needed in order to understand an experience of interpretation of laughter at the time of a decompensation in the schizophrenia of an adolescent, in which (un)motivated laughter formed a symptom. >Jouissance-laughter< necessitates changing the psychiatric understanding of laughter in schizophrenia, where its motivation is not what is comical in the here-and-now. In this laughter, the humorous or comic response of the clinician becomes an interpretation. Published online: 18 Apr 2018.