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Alan Furst's >The Foreign Correspondent< is mainly about the life of Italian intellectuals who had fled Mussolini's fascist government and found uncertain refuge in Paris. Their life is that of >diaspora< since as the etymological meaning of >diaspora< suggests, they had to leave their home country and to lead very precarious lives in a foreign country. Their life is dangerous as well as uncertain because they resisted fascism by publishing clandestine press that smuggled news and resistance messages from Paris back to Italy. Their lives can be traced as the pursuit of freedom. According to Eric Fromm, the freedom can be viewed as >the passive freedom< and >the active freedom<. This paper follows how Carlo Weisz, the main character of this novel, whose job is a foreign correspondent, becomes to achieve the active freedom from the life of passive freedom. As a conclusion, this paper will discuss how Weisz achieves his identity through liberty and love.
El culto a la Santa Muerte es una creencia secular que se incrementa con gran rapidez en el México del 2009 actual y la presente tesina trata primeramente del origen de su culto, su relación con la iglesia católica- ortodoxa y sus características. Posteriormente, se analiza este tema desde un enfoque psicoanalítico. En base a la teoría de C.G. Jung, se aclara que el culto es la >sombra(término de Jung)< del neoliberalismo aparecida en el subconsciente colectivo mexicano.También se expone que los aztecas tenían una tendencia hacia la >necrofilia< en su religión primitiva según Erich Fromm. Y como conclusión, planteo cuatro premisas. Primero, el culto actual de Santa Muerte proviene de la tradición europea de la Danza Macabre, no obstante, la iglesia católica no reconoce su legitimidad. Segundo, el culto tiene cuatro principales características: 1. el sintetismo entre lo europeo y lo indígena, 2. el culto que se enfoca más en la vida mundana, 3. el culto como religión del mercado en el sentido de que se comercializa el culto, 4. el pánico por la muerte. Tercero, el culto se propaga por la crisis económica causada por el neoliberalismo. Los marginados que no fueron beneficiarios de la globalización han acogido este culto como >sombra< del neoliberalismo subconscientemente. A pesar de la tradición europea, la tendencia hacia la >necrofilia< ocultada en el subconsciente colectivo de los mexicanos resucita o intensifica esta >sombra<. Cuarto, el culto tiene ambivalencia como tabú. En otra palabras, tiene dos lados positivo y negativo. El positivo radica en que el culto absorbe y consuela a los marginados afectados por la globalización y el negativo es que el culto es una alerta roja a la sociedad mexicana.
이 논문은 주자학의 근본적 곤혹 하나를 파고든 시도이다. 이제까지의 접근과는 달리 혹시 자연과 인간의 엄밀한 이분법 자체가 역사적 산물이 아닐까 하고 접근한다. 세계는 하나이지만 세계관은 여럿이다. 인간은 자신과 환경을 이해하는 수많은 방식을 갖고 있기에, 누구도 독점적 정당성을 고집할 수 없다. 다룰 논점은 두 가지이다. 하나는 인간과 자연의 상관성이고, 또 다른 하나는 자연과 윤리의 미분화이다. 1) 자연의 의인화와 자연-인간동형론의 연원은 오래되었다. 주자학은 기氣의 풀 속에서 인간과 자연은 물리적으로 교환되고 있다고 말한다. 인식론적으로 사태는 주관을 통해서만 알려지며, 그런 점에서 사실과 가치 사이에 엄밀한 선을 그을 수 없다는 것을 참고하자고 했다. 2) 자연과 도덕의 엄밀한 구분은 인간 본성의 불신에 기반하고 있다. 과연 윤리는 자연성의 억압 혹은 극복에서 자라는가. 도덕을 자연적 본성의 확인과 그 실현이라고 생각한 동서의 현자들이 많다. 그들은 주자가 이理를 사물의 질서이자 도덕적 지향으로 읽는 데 거부감을 갖지 않을 것이다. 보통은 납득하기 어렵다. 자신의 본성에 대해 무지하다는 것을 인정하기 어렵기 때문이다.
本稿の目的は、エーリッヒ・フロムの「自己実現」論を再構成し、その人間形成論的な可能性を提示することである。フロムはしばしば社会および人間を二つの位相に分けたうえで、片方を持ち上げてもう片方を非難するという論法を採用したが、従来それらは素朴な勧善懲悪的図式として理解される傾向にあった。だがその遺稿から明らかになったフロムによる初期マルクスへの直接的な参照は、そうしたフロムの方法論が決して単純な善悪二元論にはおさまらないことを示唆している。マルクスの言う私有財産の「止揚」プロセスとフロムの想定したこつの様式観が交わりあう過程とをそれぞれのテクストにより突き合わせていくことで、フロムの「自己実現」論は、発達の脱中心化を志向する近年の教育人間学的なモメントを理論レベルにおいて批判的に彫琢しうる、他とのつながりに開かれながらも「自己」へと再帰的に準拠する人間形成論として、新たに定位される。
[ВЫВОД] Представители этики неофрейдизма про-должают конкретизировать понятие справедли-вости, смягчая наиболее дискуссионные аспек-ты психоаналитической теории З. Фрейда. Они более углубленно исследуют специфику бессо-знательного, связывают его архетипы с коллек-тивными формами, женской психологией (ком-плекс Электры), чувством неполноценности субъекта, ставшего >желающей машиной<, >те-лом без органов<. Стремясь преодолеть шизо-френическую раздвоенность личности, в оче-редной раз поставить деструктивный фактор бессознательного под контроль разума, выра-ботать на этой основе общечеловеческие кри-терии справедливости, неофрейдизм вносит важный вклад в преодоление техногенных про-блем современности.
The aim of this Bachelor’s thesis is to controvert the scholars who studied human nature; to assess their opinions, and to confirm or displace them. The author also aims at creating a delineation of human nature and deciding if the capitalist order is appropriate for the society, and for individuals with this nature. He describes what qualities the capitalist order creates in people and tries to prove that it this particular system which creates negative qualities in people, e.g. egoism. If the author disapproves capitalism as inappropriate for human society, he will offer an alternative better for the society, which would develop the individual’s positive qualities. The thesis takes form of a text analysis, controversy to various scholars, and the author’s own opinions.
Worte, die Wege sind
(2009)
Worte auf den Preisträger
(2009)
Words are Ways
(2009)
Vorwort
(2009)
Von der Couch zum Sessel
(2009)
Verbunden sein, ohne sich zu binden. Sozialpsychologische Reflexionen zur postmodernen Lebensart
(2009)
John Klauber's introduction of the concept of >encounter< signifies a milestone on the way towards an intersubjective understanding of the psychoanalytic method. The concept of encounter is comprehensive and refers to all aspects of the >here-and-now,< including transference from the >then-and-there.< Klauber's contribution points out that the psychoanalytic situation is primarily a therapeutic one. The solution to the transference depends on new experience, and therefore he emphasizes the role of spontaneity. Klauber describes unintended traumatizing aspects, one of the antidotes for which is spontaneity. What is real and actual in the transference should be admitted – at least as >plausible.<
Theoretical and clinical concepts of psychoanalysis are presented here in terms of their relevance for forensic psychotherapy. They can be applied to individual psychotherapy, special nursing care, and the theory and practice of a therapeutic community. Essential concepts of seduction and traumatisation are presented in the language of drive psychology, as well as in the modern terms of self psychology and object relations theory. The criminal act forms the basis of forensic psychotherapy, the aim of which is to prevent a repetition of this or a similar act. This means that a certain type of act, namely a criminal act, lies at the heart of not only forensic psychotherapy, but also the concept of action itself. Psychoanalytic concepts stress the unconscious processes around and after the act. These processes are repeated in the everyday life of the therapeutic community and in the specific psychotherapeutic situations. Empiric evaluations are methodologically very difficult, as they must investigate multiprofessional settings.
The aim of this paper is to clarify some important interpersonal dynamics that underpin forensic patients’ presentations within the clinical environment, in a way that is accessible to nurses. The world of forensic mental health nursing is often difficult to describe to those who have not experienced first hand prolonged clinical contact with patients at the therapeutic interface of secure services. Even then, the characteristic, intense emotional phenomena that tend to arise out of interpersonal relationships with patients and colleagues is not easy to articulate. Yet, for those of us who consider our professional identity to be one of >forensic mental health nurse,< it seems important to find a way to put words to what appears to occupy a large component of our working lives. More importantly, if we can develop a way to make sense of the way our work makes us feel and the way we can find ourselves relating to others within our professional roles, we will be in a better position to harness our energy and enthusiasm in the service of supporting forensic patients towards effective care and treatment pathways. Of course, forensic patients are supported through services with or without a framework for articulating emotional and interpersonal experiences. However, this frequently occurs in the context of significant struggle. For patients, this struggle is often characterized by difficulty communicating what their needs are, and for nurses this struggle is often characterized by feeling emotionally overwhelmed by their task of providing containing, therapeutic relationships for patients whose interpersonal needs are not clear to them. This article will use case examples to describe some of the complex interpersonal and emotional challenges faced by forensic nurses, and explain how a psychodynamic framework could support nursing practice in each of the case examples.
Far more long before the >interdisciplinarity< as a concept, become a prominent issue in scientific and philosophical developments, many thinkers and philosophers have investigated interdisciplinary. Erich Fromm is one of the distinguished contemporary intellectuals who have applied interdisciplinarity as the way of investigation. Here, we attempt to follow interdisciplinarity and border-crossing in his works. Studying social and political crisis of the modem society, Fromm realized that it is rooted in human's psycho-existential characteristics on the one hand, and the socio-political status of, the modern society on the other; which only >love< and >creative work< can treat. In Fromm's view, neither political nor psychological analysis can offer a comprehensive understanding of what is going on in the society; rather a combination of the two. Thus, he believes in the necessity of border-crossing. >Love< as the >psycho-political< is the core of Fromm's interdisciplinary study of the modem society.
The History of the International Federation of Psychoanalytic Societies (IFPS) in Latin America
(2009)
This paper is unusual. For instance, one of its authors is a distinguished graphic artist, with interesting ideas about psychoanalytic treatment as a creative process. His collaborator is Arthur Feiner, who has been the editor of Contemporary Psychoanalysis for many years. As you can see, the paper itself is a dialogue between them, closely following an actual audiotape recording. Their theme has been much neglected. Immediately upon reading the paper, it occurred to me that it belongs in the Forum. For one thing, its important ideas are presented in a very readable fashion. Its informality sets a model inviting a wider range of creative thought about problems of our profession and how to approach them. It identifies our journal as something more than another analytic publication for reiteration of old dogmas.
Searching for true productiveness on the social web. Source: http://www.re-public.gr/en/?p=286.
(2009)
Violence inflicted on men and women has repercussions on succeeding generations. Indeed, suffering that is not narrated and shared can become masochism and destruction. Based on a clinical case, I will propose an illustration of this fact and discuss it. I will also propose a discussion of countertransference linked to this case history. Finally, I will approach some topics on metapsychology and the way I use this concept to understand my experience.
O objetivo deste texto é discutir o pensamento de Erich Fromm (1900-1980) sobre religião e cultura a partir do diálogo que faz com as ideias de Karl Marx (1818-1883) e Sigmund Freud (1856-1939). Para atingir seu objetivo, ele percebeu a necessidade de estudar os fenômenos individuais e sociais, por meio das obras de Marx e Freud, em uma ótica diferente. O texto apresenta a visão de Erich Fromm sobre religião e cultura, bem como os motivos que o levaram a assumir uma posição crítica em relação à religião e à cultura de sua época. Os conceitos de religião e de cultura presentes em sua obra devem ser analisados a partir de sua funcionalidade no cultural e social, pois, desse modo, é possível entender o porquê de a religião não ser mais, como outrora, uma instituição preocupada apenas com o desenvolvimento da individualidade e com a autocriação humana. A grande contribuição de Erich Fromm reside no fato de ter buscado incessantemente os pontos de convergência entre Marx e Freud. Ele inaugurou um debate entre cultura e religião, que ainda não está encerrado.
Bion asserted that the possibility of change inherent in emotional growth and development was inevitably linked to fears of catastrophe. Did he intend this to apply to all patients and parts of the mind, or only to psychotic areas of functioning? Does subsequent clinical experience substantiate the universality of this assertion? These questions will be taken up from a general theoretical perspective in an attempt to understand what Bion had in mind when he proposed this view, and a clinical case will be presented to illustrate and examine the link between catastrophe and change.
Psychoanalysis meeting the challenges of globalisation: Commentary on Cláudio Laks Eizirik's paper
(2009)
Identity and structure as signifiers of the unconscious are in flux as a result of the evaporation of the relations in the modern world. The author develops some hypotheses on the input of the changing identity in respect to the psychoanalytic encounter in therapy and to processes in institutions. He comes to the conclusion that the orientation to the individual dynamics, the therapy room and the therapeutic relationship, which is at present substantial for most analysts, will no longer be relevant. Whether we will be successful or not as psychoanalysts depends on whether we see the world growing together, share the responsibility for it and take up the burning questions of globalisation.
El tatuaje/perforación corporal históricamente muestra diversas motivaciones socioculturales, religiosas, tribales y sexuales. Los adolescentes (población mayormente afectada) exhiben desempleo y pobre participación religiosa, relacionable con tendencia a actividades exploratorias y patrones conductuales de impulsividad/ excitabilidad en >busca de sensaciones nuevas e intensas<, Las distintas complicaciones médicas (locales/sistémicas) que acompañan tal psicopatología (compulsiva, trastornos ansioso-depresivos, de personalidad -limítrofe-, paralíticos sexualessadomasoquismo-, o psicosis) descubren la >necesidad< paradójica de provocación/ aceptación: erotismo/dolor que tipifican una salud mental alterada. Estudios internacionales muestran que los portadores de conductas sexuales desviadas y actividades ilegales se asocian con consumo de psicotrópicos (pandillerismo, juego patológico, delincuencia); trastornos alimentarios, conductas de riesgo a la salud y proclividad suicida que requieren tratamiento apropiado y apoyo en programas educativos contra la autoagresión.
Este trabajo trata de cómo se inicia el psicoanálisis con Freud, a partir de los conceptos centrales de una mente dinámica, y del Inconsciente, y de cómo se fue desarrollando y de las disidencias que existieron posteriormente al hacerse el psicoanálisis más complejo. De cómo Fromm incorpora al psicoanálisis aspectos sociales, dentro de lo que el llama una posición >sociobiológica<. También hace mención de la evolución del pensamiento en el hombre occidental, y de cómo las dos guerras mundiales impactaron en el pensamiento tranto de Freud como de Fromm, y en lo que este último llama >orientaciones del carácter<. Finalmente se plantea como un conflicto actual la disyuntiva entre un mundo enajenado, burocratizado y deshumanizado, y un mundo más racional, y del cuál es el papel del psicoanálisis ante tal situación.
Preface (Korean)
(2009)
El afecto ligado al alimento materno, troquela un ciclo -hambre /alimento /placer-, lo que en la vida adulta tendrá su equivalente en el ciclo de —angustia I ingesta I alivio-. Así, cuando nos encontramos con alguien que bebe y dice que no puede vivir sin hacerlo, o lo vemos deprimido porque le falta el alcohol, estamos ante una situación producida a la vez por los efectos placenteros de la sustancia en sí, por la inhóspita vida interior del sujeto y por las condiciones sociales acogedoras bajo las cuales suele beber.
The author describes experiences gathered during several years of teaching psychodynamic psychotherapy with psychologists and psychiatrists within a 2-year-training programme in Shanghai, China. Questions and problems of the reception of psychoanalysis – shame, sexuality, harmony, abstinence – as well as the possibilities and limitations of exporting psychoanalysis are discussed. The possible future development of psychoanalysis in China is also outlined.
No curso do século 20 aparece no judaísmo da Europa Central de cultura alemã uma corrente de pensadores que associam o messianismo com a utopia socialista. Nos referimos aqui a dois pensadores que representam variantes bem diferentes desta cultura utópica/messiânica da Europa Central: Martin Buber, renovador da espiritualidade religiosa judaica, e Erich Fromm, freudiano-marxista de inspiração secularizada. Ambos, no entanto, encontram nas tradições bíblicas judaicas a fonte de sua visão utópica de um futuro mais humano.
This paper discusses the conflict between lustful desire leading to an extramarital affair and loyalty to one's partner. Drawing a parallel between the hero of Wagner's opera and the conductor-hero of the film Meeting Venus, the consequences of being an >outsider< are being considered. Whereas Tannhäuser's conflict is resolved in that he finds salvation from the Virgin Mary, Szanto is abandoned by the woman he loved and by his wife. He remains an outsider and alone.
This paper examines the psychology of ethnic, national, religious or political ideological groups composed of thousands or millions of people. In such large groups most of the individuals will never meet during their lifetimes. But, they share a persistent sense of sameness, >large-group identity.< This paper examines how this abstract concept, large-group identity, can become the central force that influences international relationships. Psychoanalysts who are willing to become involved in interdisciplinary initiatives can provide information to the diplomats about large-group psychology in its own right and suggest peaceful strategies for international conflicts.
Laio ripensato da Edipo
(2009)
La cultura del silencio
(2009)
De todos los cambios que ocurren en el mundo ninguno supera en importancia a los que tiene lugar en la vida emocional. Por lo que hoy en día el psicoanálisis ha adquirido dentro de la sociedad un lugar importante, ya que ahora la sociedad se rige por los requerimientos del grupo social, del grupo familiar y el grupo psicológico. Sin embargo es de llamar la atención que a pesar de las investigaciones realizadas desde Freud por diferentes autores, se sigue favoreciendo la cultura del silencio que generalmente oculta hechos dolorosos ocurridos en la infancia y adolescencia donde se oculta el abuso y maltrato ejercido por la autoridad.
Jews’ journey from time to time showed an ebb and flow situation. Sometimes they reached glory, while in the other times they experienced deterioration. However, the traces of suffering were seen more obvious befalling the nation that claimed themselves as the chosen people. Being enslaved in Egypt, stranded in Arab Coast for 40 years, evicted from the promise land (Palestine), inquisitioned by Christian Church in Middle Age and killed in Holocoust tragedy were the long period of dark destiny afflicting Jewish people. Expulsion, hatred and assassination became the common things for Jews. Meanwhile, this minority nation among billions people around the world could survive through every bitter period that approached their lives. Reclining to the belief in God, the messianic hope had given an optimistic feeling to them to face deal with whatever bitter the life was. This research used a figure approach to discuss a topic. The figure that I took to explain Jewish messianic concept was Erich Fromm, a social psychology expert that had a strong Jewish tradition background. This research was a literary research by using methodical elements: description, interpretation, holistika and reflection. Referring to Fromm’s analysis, the question about Jewish survival can be explained through the concept of hope in Jewish belief called >messianic<. The hope bandage by the faith spirit had a link with the concept of >homo esperans< or expectancy beings. Hope and expect are human basic conditions. The spirit of hope for messianic era had made Jewish people traversed various bitter conditions in their history. Messianic concept had some philosophical values: suffering for freedom, theological hope for repairing life and harmony.
Introduction
(2009)
Introducció
(2009)
Using one detailed case presentation, this paper examines the clinical hardship of making accurate and helpful interpretations that do not become part of the patient's defensive system. The author argues that interpretive acting-out is inevitable in the psychoanalytic process. But, if properly monitored, understood, and contained, these interpretive enactments can sometimes actually be a profit to the overall treatment. Issues of projective identification, countertransference, and the importance of realizing our transference role in the patient's changing phantasies are discussed throughout the case material.
This interview, performed by e-mail from December 2007 to September 2008, covers the psychoanalytic itinerary of André Haynal. His emigration from Hungary to Switzerland gave him occasion to think about alienation and its significance for identity. Gustav Bally, among others, introduced André Haynal in the Swiss Psychoanalytic Society after a very special interview. Other encounters with prominent and interesting personalities such as Jean Piaget and Michael Balint are also evoked. Furthermore, Haynal?s involvement in the publishing of the Freud–Ferenczi Correspondence and in the renaissance of Ferenczi's influence in contemporary psychoanalysis is also discussed.
El objetivo del presente trabajo es analizar las implicaciones que tiene la >globalización< sobre la >identidad< del sujeto. Se plantea a la >globalización< como una uniformidad sobre personas de diversos orígenes y si bien es cierto puede generar facilidades, también conlleva dificultades para aquellos que están en la búsqueda de sí mismos, desde este punto de vista la enajenación parece ser una consecuencia de este fenómeno. Así mismo se pone de relieve que los adelantos científicos han traído grandes beneficios para la humanidad; en el terreno de la ciencia se encuentran las Neurociencias, los descubrimientos en Medicina conducen al conocimiento del genoma humano, la manipulación de genes que podrían retrasar la manifestación de alguna patología como el Alzheimer y el abatimiento de enfermedades que azotan a la humanidad como el sida y el cáncer etc. En otras áreas como la Astronomía el conocimiento vertiginoso que desentraña los secretos del universo y los adelantos de la Física Cuántica que ha dado luz a nuevas hipótesis.
Hoffnung spüren lassen
(2009)
Hiding and being lost: The experience of female patients and staff on a mixed sex secure ward
(2009)
In this article, I explore the themes of hiding, losing, and being found in relation to the experiences of women in secure mental health settings. Their hidden abuses, acts of violence, creative aspects, and secret desires play a central role in their identity, but are often lost to those who work with them, and even to the women themselves. Psychotherapeutic engagement with these women, including the work of arts therapists, can enable them to give voice to their hidden experiences, to disclose and explore their violent thoughts, feelings, and actions. Sometimes the women have used their bodies to encode those experiences which cannot be put into words, for example through hidden acts of self-harm. For other women, sexual feelings are hidden away, through shame and guilt. I will explore how therapeutic approaches can enable what is hidden to be brought into the open, using illustrative clinical material and inviting discussion throughout.
The four-year group therapy of 16 sex offenders in prison was videotaped, and 21 sessions were carefully transcribed and analysed by means of conversation analysis and analysis of metaphor and narration. These qualitative methods are apt for verbal data and can be combined with psychoanalytic thinking in a productive way. New forms of process analysis can be developed. The results presented here are selected to relate to the topic of how the imprisoned group therapy participants constructed >gender< by ways of speaking about themselves, women, and their victims, young girls. The results show that it would be a mistake to think of these ways of speaking as if they could be ignored in favour of >deeper< motives, lying >behind< the words. Our results show how unconscious constructions of gender are not beyond language, but in language. >Doing gender< is a conversational practice.
Geld und Selbstwerterleben
(2009)
From Couch to Chair
(2009)
Freud encouraged the analyst to use his unconscious >as an instrument of the analysis,< but did not elaborate on how this should be done. This recommendation opened the door to a consideration of unconscious communication between the analyst and patient as an intersubjective exchange. Both Wilfred Bion and Erik Erikson emphasised the importance of the analyst's intuition, and the author compares and contrasts these two approaches. Erikson advocated a more cautious attitude regarding the analyst's subjectivity, while Bion promoted a broader application of the analyst's various private reactions to the analysand. A brief vignette from the analysis of a five-year-old boy is offered to illustrate the importance of the analyst's reveries, the mutual process of containment and transformation between analyst and patient, and the co-creation of an analytic narrative.
Freud y Buda coquetean
(2009)
Both parts of the therapeutic dyad are searching for ways of relating between them that are more flexible and that open up new possibilities for thought and feeling. When therapy succeeds, patients transcend old transference expectations and fears in a meeting with another subject, a meeting with qualities of something essentially new. Here, it is hypothesized that the patient in the transference unconsciously searches for a transformational meeting with another person. Through the interaction that is a result of this search, the patient moves between twoness and thirdness, and thereby enhances his or her mentalizing capacity. A transcript (of recorded material) from an intensive psychoanalytic therapy with a female patient in her early twenties is presented, analyzed, and discussed, focusing on how she made progress in her relational search during a session.
That persons who are objects of violence and traumatisation become offenders themselves is a typical feature of ill-fated cycles of violence in countries torn by fierce political, ethnic, and religious conflicts. Some refugees and migrants with this background present a challenge to forensic psychotherapy when they continue such patterns of physical force and criminal behaviour in a host country like Germany, and are found to be either not responsible or of diminished responsibility for their criminal acts by reason of mental disorders or addictions. Their offences create a critical legal situation for them, since they are threatened with deportation. At the same time, their clinical condition is critical, for they were possibly subjected to traumatic experiences by authorities in their past; their cooperation in the treatment can seriously affect their legal status. Finding a way out of these complications has to take these special factors into account. Our paper focuses on the case study of a refugee from North Africa, illustrating a model of cooperation in forensic inpatient treatment, special trauma therapy (narrative exposure therapy), and expert testimony.