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人口老龄化带来的巨大压力,使得基于社区的养老服务模式成为亟待解决的社会策略问题。而随着老年人心理健康问题的日益凸显,在考虑如何提高养老服务问题时,尤其需要重视心理服务的提升。准确了解老年人心理需求,是提供各种养老服务的基础。但老年人心理需求的研究仍然罕见。本研究采用基于弗洛姆心理需求理论的心理需求问卷(Lowman/Bredehoeft,1996)对我国杭州市某社区214名居家养老的老人进行了心理需求调查,并分析基本的人口统计学变量对心理需求的影响。统计结果证明对于老年人来说,关联需求、超越需求、寻根需求、认同需求和定向需求均处于比较重要的水平,验证了弗洛姆心理需求理论在老年人心理需求问题上的有效性。结果显示老年人的年龄、性别、受教育程度和居住方式等人口统计学因素的不同水平对心理需求的影响差异不显著,说明不需要针对不同人口统计学水平的老人提供差异化的心理服务。另外,模型与认知行为疗法的行为激活分支的理论相匹配,可从人际关系、教育/职业、娱乐/兴趣、身/心/灵、个人职责五个领域提升老年人的自我价值感和心理健康水平。基于心理需求的结果,我们提出的社区养老服务模式,从五个心理需求维度出发,结合行为激活疗法理论及技术,建立适合居家养老老人的朋辈支持模型。
Mentalization defines the capacity to attribute mental states such as desires and beliefs to others and to understand that these can differ from our own. Such a capacity can be compromised in several psychiatric conditions and is the main target of many types of psychotherapy. Here we propose a theoretic model in which mentalization is achieved through a process we have termed >alphabetization< of the emotions. In this model, the patient–analyst relationship is observed within the analytic field so that all the communications of the patient and/or the analyst can be considered as >dreams< narrating the emotional >climate< of the field itself. Both the analyst and the patient contribute to the generation of the >climate,< and the analyst’s role is to promote the patient’s capacity to convert the unknown sensations into >dreams< or stories so as to make the emotional experience symbolized and meaningful.
The title of this research is >The Polyamorous Behaviour in 'Detruire, dit-Elle' Novel by Marguerite Duras<. This research analyze about the polyamorous behaviour by the characters. The aim of this research are to describe and explain the polyamorous relationship between Alissa, Max Thor and Stein in >Detruire, dit-elle< novel. Alissa is the wife of Max Thor has the romantic relationship with Stein. However, Max Thor is not questioning that relationship and accept it. The research uses the characterization theory and love theory Fromm. In this research, the writer explains about the important characters in the novel. Then, the writer sorts the events which are considered as the polyamorous behaviour by the characters. The last, the writer analyzes the data and features the erotic love affair by which is done by third character. The result of this research shows that Alissa, Max Thor and Stein are done the polyamorous relationship based on the love concept that is classified as a care attitude (attention) intimacy and physical closeness factors.