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A Nuestros Lectores
(1973)
Anatomie der menschlichen Destruktivität (Edited Typescript of title, forword, chapter 1, pp. 1-63)
(1973)
The theory of the decline of Western Civilization offered by L. Mumford in the >Condition of Man< is criticized as ignoring the historical framework offered by Marxism. He is a typical representative of the liberal school of critics of Western capitalism. The hallmark of the approach of this school of bourgeois humanism, measurement of the scientific-technical revolution by means of anthropological abstractions, tends to stress parallels between man and machines and machines and nature. The views of B. F. Skinner and Erich FROMM are also criticized in this perspective. The basic shortcoming of bourgeois humanism, the views of some of whose representatives have been summarized, is that it tries to evade a concrete answer to the social contradictions from which the symptoms it notices arise and deceives itself with theories of gradual >humanization<. From bourgeois humanists to ultraleft critics, attempts to measure social progress in antropological terms is basically a reflection of anxiety over the fate of capitalism. The psychological make up of the middle and petty bourgeoisie is such that even when it claims to be concerned over issues of social welfare and justice it continues to identify itself with the interests of the ruling class. Therefore, it is forced to deflect its criticisms from the social economic reality which causes the conditions against which it complains. S. Karganovic
Autogestión y humanismo
(1973)
Various definitions of the term >psychiatric sociology< are noted and the scope and methods of the discipline are reviewed. Its origin and development is traced back to A. Comte in France. E. Durkheim, M. Mauss, and even C. Levi-Strauss are viewed as contributors. The work of Roger Bastide, SOCIOLOGIE DES MALADIES MENTALES (Sociology of Mental Illnesses, 1965), is considered important. The field became consolidated and further developed in the United States where, ever since S. Freud's visit in 1909, psychiatry has attempted to build bridges to sociology. The work of C. H. Cooley and G. H. Mead, studies by A. B. Hollingshead and F. C. Redlich, by A. Leighton, A. H. Stanton, A. M. Rose, and many others are mentioned as having furthered the concerns of psychiatric sociology. Labeling and stigmatization theory, reinforcement theory, and phenomenological psychology have contributed. Thomas J. Scheff, using cybernetic schemas, has developed a model whose hypotheses he has, in part, empirically tested. In Germany and Austria, psychoanalysts such as Wilhelm Reich, Karl Birnbaum and Erich FROMM built on Freud's thought in analyses of the social and political events of the 1930's, sometimes by simultaneous reference to Marxist ideas. Some could only complete their work in exile in the United States. After World War II, United States work reached Europe and was further developed. Since 1964 there has also been some empirical work oriented on United States trends, notably by Helga Reimann and Heinz Hafner, Michael Wilken, Martin Jäckel, Stefan Wieser, and many others. Important contributions on communication processes have been produced by Ronald D. Laing, Gregory Bateson, Don D. Jackson, and Theodore Lidz. German psychiatric sociology is carried on by a small, young avant-garde group at the margin of the sociological establishment. It may be said that the recent integration of social historical knowledge and ideological-critique in psychiatry, of which labeling theory is a small component, has been the special contribution of German scholars. Current work on diviant behavior and social control will bring further development.
Envy of Maternity (spanish)
(1973)
Ciertamente, en la vida de un hombre no pueden ocurrir acontecimientos más trágicos y más infortunados que la pérdida de su vida y de su libertad. La libertad es la vida misma, la vida sin libertad es una condición triste y sombría. El presente ensayo analiza las circunstancias que propician la libertad humana, así como los factores que la limitan e interfieren para su ejercicio. La libertad supone la soledad y la angustia. Como sea, el hombre debe asumirla para alcanzar su realización y ser su propia creación. La ausencia de libertad, o cuando ha sido anulada o apagada, produce tristeza. Una especie de tristeza particular que tiene que ver con la frustración y la impotencia. Hay una sensación de fracaso, añoranza de lo que pudo ser, un sentimiento de angustia matizado de culpa. El saber si hemos sido libres y si nuestra vida ha sido una creación propia, nos otorgan sentimientos de alegría, plenitud y armonía.
Erich Fromm
(1973)
The New Left was founded on a reaction against the trend toward a wholly empirical approach to social theory. The insistence that some utopian elements be retained is a preoccupation of the Marxist-oriented Frankfurt School, of which Erich FROMM is a member. As a social critic, FROMM has a strong optimistic outlook. He asserts that as man enlarges his potentialities as a creative being, he increases his need for freedom from all types of constraints. In view of this conception of human nature , FROMM accuses Freud of an overly >biological< or mechanistic approach to human personality. Instead of considering only the forces of sexual gratification and self-preservation, FROMM suggests that Freud's analysis should also consider the elements of humanistic and dialectic thinking. Also receiving consideration are FROMM's concepts of: (1) community, (2) capitalism, and (3) social character as it relates to Marxian material substructure and ideological superstructure.
Glück
(1973)
Impotencia y frigidez
(1973)
Jung e la schizophrenia
(1973)
An essay on the correlation of culture and morals, presented from the Marxist standpoint, with a critique of contemporary bourgeois philosophical theories; intuitivist ethics (G. E. Moore, C. D. Broad, E. S. Ewing, B. Blanchard, E. Hall); logical postivism and linguistic analysis (C. Stevenson, A. Ayer, P. G. Nowell-Smith); existentialism (J.-P. Sartre, K. Jaspers); abstract humanism (Erich FROMM and Charles Reich); neoprotestantism (K. Barth, R. Niebuhr, P. Tillich, and others). These theories take a nonhistorical, nonclass approach to culture and civilization. An awareness of the alienation of man in present-day capitalist society and of the pernicious effects of industrialization and scientific and technological advances on human beings and their environment has produced deep pessimism among many bourgeois philosophers. The most vivid negative concepts of culture and civilization have been set forth in the works of Y. Ellul and L. Mumford. While all of the above authors have produced excellent exposes of capitalist society, they have reached an impasse and see no way out except rejection of scientific and technological progress. The Marxist approach to the interrelation of culture and morals is a concrete-historical one. Marxism does not reject universal moral criteria in human relations. On the contrary, he stresses their significance, but objects to the blurring of the class nature of morals, and to regarding abstract moral principles as the magic solution to all problems. Considerable attention is given to the meaning and development of culture in socialist and communist societies, where the socioeconomic conditions foster the harmonious development of man. Assertions that communists believe in moral nihilism, that the end justifies the means, and that moral values are relative are vigorously denied, and Lenin, Marx, and Engels are quoted to prove that positive ends must be achieved by positive means. Maoist practice is termed as an example of the end justifies the means policy.
An attempt is made to analyze the wide array of conditions and methodological orientations subsumed under the term >alienation<. A 519-item annotated Bibliography is preceded by a discussion which cites many of the items. This discussion opens with an etymological derivation (alienatio, alienation, entfremdung) and continues with an analysis of present-day treatments of alienation, anomie, and anomia. The concept is then examined from the history of ideas perspective, and 2 major sources are identified: (1) K. Marx's theory of alienation, and (2) E. Durkheim's theory of anomie. A discussion of the former's use of the concept proceeds to its more current used by such writers as E. FROMM and H. Marcuse; a similar discussion is presented on Durkheim and R. Merton. The concept in contemporary social science is considered. Arguments for and against alienation as a >unit-idea< are followed by an examination of ali enation as an empirico-analytical concept. This subsection includes: (A) some aspects of theory which yield empirically testable propositions, (B) measurement scales for alienation and anomie, and (C) empirical research in the world of work and the political system. Brief suggestions to overcome >the diffuse usages of the term as well as...the lack of coordinated research work< conclude the discussion. The Bibliography is organized under specific headings: (a) collections of articles, readers; (b) philosophy of alienation (alienation as a general concept to identify certain trends in contemporary society); (c) history of alienation; (d) theoretical aspects of alienation; (e) measurement of alienation/anomia; methodological problems; (f) empirical research on alienation/anomia; and (g) alienation in literature and the arts. An author index is provided.
L’emozione guidata
(1973)
An examination of the problem of the humanization of technological progress with an analysis of the main Western approaches to the problem and a presentation of the Marxist approach. The aspects of the problem considered include the role of technology in historical development, the positive and negative consequences of its utilization, changes brought about in living conditions by the scientific and technological revolution, limits and possibilities of revolutionary reforms of society on the basis of technological progress, the situation of the individual and the prospects for development of the personality in a technologized world. Ontological, epistemological and psychological difficulties arise when attempting to analyze the literature on the problem.
Psychoanalyse und Gesellschaftstheorie, Darmstadt/Neuwiedt (Luchterhand Verlag) 1973, pp. 93-113.
(1973)
Review Fromm, E.: The Anatomy of Human Destructiveness (1973a, English): May Cheer Women's Libbers
(1973)
Review Fromm, E.: The Anatomy of Human Destructiveness (1973a, English): Narcissus as Necrophile
(1973)
Review Fromm, E.: The Anatomy of Human Destructiveness (1973a, English): Rethinking Aggression
(1973)
Review Fromm, E.: The Anatomy of Human Destructiveness (1973a, English): The Roots of Aggression
(1973)
Review Fromm, E.: The Anatomy of Human Destructiveness (1973a, English): What Impulse Drives Man?
(1973)
Review Landis, B. and E. S. Tauber (Eds.): In the Name of Life – Essays in Honor of Erich Fromm
(1973)
Revista de Psicoanálisis, Psiquiatría y Psicología, México (Nueva Epoca No. 01, 1973), 117 pp.
(1973)
Revista de Psicoanálisis, Psiquiatría y Psicología, México (Nueva Epoca No. 02-03, 1973), 154 pp.
(1973)
Revolt
(1973)
Symbiotic Pairings in Adults
(1973)