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A Chinese >Cinderella<
(1994)
A De-moralized Society?
(1994)
About Time
(1994)
Achilles Helix
(1994)
Adolf Hitler
(1994)
AIDS- Kontroverse
(1994)
AIDS-Kontroverse
(1994)
Alien3
(1994)
America's >Cinderella<
(1994)
American Nighmares
(1994)
An American Morality Tale
(1994)
Antropología y educación
(1994)
Arte popular mexicano
(1994)
Ashputtle
(1994)
Atmen
(1994)
Babbitt
(1994)
Bedürfnis, Interesse, Massenkampf – Zur Dramaturgie der Schichtung egoistischer Kategorien bei Marx
(1994)
Besuch uns doch einmal
(1994)
Bilingual Miseducation
(1994)
Blame It on Feminism
(1994)
Brave New World
(1994)
Can the Impossible Profession Help the Impossible Patient – Is Freud Relevant in the South Bronx?
(1994)
Previous clinical literature has indicated some ways in which crises in the life of an analyst, such as pregnancy, illness, or death of a loved one, can affect and alter the analytic space. In this paper, the effects on treatment of my second-trimester pregnancy difficulties and consequent pregnancy loss are explored. My experiences indicated that the experiences and reactions generated by this life crisis often provided the field in which the >knottiest< analytic issues between patient and analyst were confronted. To demonstrate this point, clinical material at three different periods over a three-year time span is presented. Two patients with negative reactions to my loss are discussed in detail. The early impact of my pregnancy difficulty on two other patients, for whom the crisis provided a new focal point in their treatment, is also discussed. Issues of self-disclosure are interwoven throughout.
Shame colors other feelings and perceptions about the self. From reflections about his own personal experiences and observations regarding a particular manic-depressive patient, the author discusses the evolution of his current clinical and theoretical understanding of shame. The framework of analytic self psychology is offered as a particularly useful perspective from which to consider shame, with its emphasis on the concept of selfobject to account both for shame's development (through selfobject misattunement and unresponsive-ness) and for its amelioration (through empathic mirroring, idealization, and twinning). A developmental sequence for shame is advanced reflecting limitations in selfobject responsiveness, and problems are noted in the ability of current self psychology theory to fully account for the alleviation of shame. The self plays its part in the construction of those selfobjects needed to ease shame, representing the >one-and-a-half-person psychology< of the paper's subtitle. Finally, the important role of countertransference shame is considered through a clinical example of therapist disclosure of his own shame to his patient, utilized in order to repair an interrupted kinship selfobject transference.
Ciencias sociales e historia
(1994)
Cinderella
(1994)
Cinderella
(1994)
The way analysts talk, behave, and feel in relation to money is replete with an uneasiness that is the surface manifestation of a deep, psychocultural contradiction between money and love that cannot be thought, willed, or wished away. For the clinical project to succeed, this contradiction can and must find a temporary, reparative resolution in the paradox between love and hate. This essay takes up the question of money in the spirit of the Marx-Freud tradition, in postmodern perspective, and through several languages, not only psychoanalysis, but social theory, anthropology, and less centrally, feminist theory as well. It addresses money's unconscious and emotional resonance, and its cultural meanings money's clinical and theoretical vicissitudes in the context of cultural symbolism and economic change, as well as the class position of psychoanalysis and the psychology of class itself and money's relational meaning in transference and countertransference.
This paper addresses some assumptions underlying psychoanalytic theories. It uses Rorty's concepts of philosophy and poetry to capture distinctions: the former a search for universal truths and the latter an emphasis on meanings in discourse. Freud's embeddedness in 19th-century positivism organized his metatheorical assumptions, while some object relational theorists are inclined toward a con-structivist point of view. For many theoreticians these two vantage points overlap others insist on a sundering of the two. I maintain that polarizing these two positions is not useful. Both philosophical stances ask different kinds of questions and both types of questions are important for a general as well as clinical theory of psychoanalysis.
Since the middle of this century, countertransference theory has steadily evolved to a point where we now find abundant references in our literature involving extremely useful self-disclosive examinations of a broad spectrum of potentially disruptive countertransference responses. Our collective attitude of openness and even excitement at the potential usefulness of such responses in deepening our understanding of our patients, ourselves, and the nature of our work has been profoundly beneficial. And yet despite our advances from the early days of psychoanalysis when powerful countertransference was viewed strictly as an impediment, an atmosphere of disapproval and dread continues to pervade the phenomenon of erotic countertransference, which in turn contributes ironically to the alarming incidence of sexual abuse of patients by therapists of every orientation and level of experience. The roots of our collective intolerance are explored, beginning with Breuer's treatment of Anna O and Jung's entanglement with Sabina Spielrein. Case material is presented involving erotic countertransference, and a position is taken regarding future directions that are vital to our profession.
The psychoanalytic exploration of the analyst's erotic counter-transference has remained a subject rarely addressed in open colle-gial dialogue. This paper addresses this professional reticence as a manifestation of two interwoven resistences. The first, an avoidance of the physiologically based substrata of self and object organization growing out of certain preconceptions derived from a structural-drive model. And the second, an unwillingness to view the parent/analyst as a full participant in the child's romantic oedi-pal struggles. An alternative formulation based on a reconfigured, relational model of mental structures is suggested. Here the physical experience of self in relationship to a host of significant internalized others becomes a meaningful organizing component for both the patient and the analyst, one that must be incorporated into the ongoing exploration of transference – countertransference manifestations. Likewise, the unfolding oedipal situation between parent and child, patient and analyst, is viewed from the perspective of a two-person model within which the shared symbolic participation of both becomes a necessary prerequisite for the kind of resolution that lays the groundwork for mature love. A clinical example in which the analyst felt it necessary to disclose the presence of erotic countertransference is explored from several perspectives.
Clinton and the Empty Self
(1994)
The analyst's countertransference feelings of love, particularly sexual love, have been subject to minimal examination in the literature. In this era of expanding psychoanalytical models, it appears that some theories of therapeutic action lend themselves more to addressing such themes than do others. There is always considerable overlap among psychoanalytic models, although there are nonetheless some clear differences in the way countertransference affect is experienced, filtered, and utilized.
Columbus in the Classroom
(1994)
Psychoanalytic treatment approaches that advocate a neutral stance in working with male homosexual patients are critically reviewed. While neutrality improves upon those more blatantly judgmental, directive-suggestive models of treatment, the neutral stance is felt to be problematic and insufficient in working with homosexual patients. Internalized homophobia is understood to be an unavoidable consequence of the developmental experience for homosexual individuals in a homophobic culture. Repressed and encapsulated feelings of shame and guilt, tied to early self-experiences of gender nonconformity and homoerotic feeling, may interfere with the adult homosexual man's ability to form sexually intimate and loving relationships. Little, if any, attention has been given to the analyst's role in helping homosexual patients achieve a positive sense of self within their sexual orientation. Analysts who adopt a surface neutrality toward their patients’ homosexuality are often guided by hidden countertransference, which prevents them from adopting an affirmative stance toward the patient's homosexuality and negotiating transference material in a helpful manner. An affirmative stance that emotionally communicates to the patient the analyst's belief that homosexuality is a natural developmental end point for some individuals is viewed as the correct application of psychoanalytic technique with homosexual patients. Clinical material is offered to illustrate this approach.
This paper examines the effect patient transferences have on the analyst and on the analyst's stance in treatment. The paper suggests that certain features of what are commonly considered central to a >classical< psychoanalytic stance may derive from not fully understood dynamics of the transference situation and may be neither necessary nor useful aspects of technique. A comprehensive, developmental conception of transference as a general human endowment is proposed as a way of viewing the impact of transference in the treatment situation. The adaptive function of adolescent regression and adolescent developmental transference is examined as a paradigm for all transferences, both in and outside treatment. In this >adaptive< perspective, transference is understood not simply as a misconstrual of a new relationship on the basis of old struggles. Rather, transference is seen as an effort to bring to bear as much of one's own most vital interests, as they have been shaped developmentally, and to compel the object to provide what one deeply hopes to have gratified. This perspective provides a basis for understanding the powerful influence that the urgent transferences of patients have on therapists, who are not immune to some degree of enactment in response. Analysts may try, through a stereotyped treatment approach, to avoid the impact of the transference and the powerful vortex of feelings generated by it. Maintaining an adaptive view of transference, however, may enable the analyst to use his or her >countertransference< response to further the analytic work.
This paper proposes a conceptual and clinical integration of contemporary psychoanalytic theories that emphasize the repetitive dimension of the transference (the repeated relationship) and those that stress the developmental or selfobject dimension (the needed relationship). Such an integration is accomplished by enlarging our conception of the communicative matrix that includes transference, projective identification, and countertransference. It is suggested that patients actively seek to enlist the therapist both in old pathogenic interactional scenarios and in new therapeutically needed relational configurations. Thus, contrary to recent criticisms of the developmental paradigm, the therapist does not have to look outside the transference-countertransference matrix for a model of the developmentally needed relationship: the patient communicates it through a creative, proactive form of projective identification. The work of Racker, Sandier, Winnicott, Bollas, and various self psychologists is reviewed and found to support this reconceptualization. The paper then examines the theory of analytic cure in the light of this integrated perspective. It is suggested that the most compelling theories take into account the analyst's >embeddedness< in the transference – countertransference while recognizing the importance of the analyst's >mastering the countertransference< as the basis for providing a new developmental experience. The therapeutic models of Racker, Bollas, and Newman are described as exemplary in this regard.