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Jednostka a spoleczenstwo
(1992)
Love and The Beginning
(1992)
>Mathematics, Intuition and the Being Mode of Existence<: At the beginning of the 20th century several paradoxes in set theory plunged mathematics into a crisis of its foundations. There were three solutions to the foundational crisis: logicism, formalism and intuitionism. Since logicism can be considered as incorporated into formalism, formalism and intuitionism represent the two major solutions. Although both were proposed by famous mathematicians, the former, put forward by David Hilbert totally dominates both mathematical practice and the philosophy of mathematics whereas the latter, put forward by Luitzen Egbertus Jan Brouwer is pursued only by a small number of logicians, most of which reject Brouwer’s underlying philosophy. In this paper we show that Brouwer’s philosophy and foundation of mathematics are not the outcome of a sick, solipsistic mind, as commonly portrayed, but that his way of thinking is perceived as such through the spectacles of alienation (the >having mode of existence< (Fromm) or >greed, hatred, delusion< (Buddha). We show that Brouwer’s way of thinking is embedded in the >being mde of existence< (Fromm). The formalist foundation of mathematics is seen historically as the mathematical counterpart of what analytical philosophy is to philosophy or what behaviorism is to psychology, the way of thinking which embraces it being rooted in the >having mode of existence<, whose prevalence in society accounts for the historical success of the formalist point of view.
Nostalgia and Transference
(1992)
The Many Faces of Love
(1992)
>Die Dritte Welt und der Gesellschafts-Charakter<: Die von Erich Fromm aufgestellte Theorie des Gesellschafts-Charakters gibt uns die Möglichkeit, uns die emotionalen Prozesse zu erklären, die sich in den Individuen im Verlauf des sozialen Anpassungsprozesses entwickeln und verändern. Nach Fromms Schema, das von den sozialen Strukturen ausgeht, ist der Gesellschafts-Charakter zwischen der ökonomischen Basis und den Ideen angesiedelt. Wenn man in Rechnung stellt, dass die sozio-ökonomischen Faktoren den Charakter beeinflussen und determinieren, kann man nicht von einem gleichartigen Charakter in der Ersten und der Dritten Welt sprechen – Differenzen, die in empirischen Studien aufgewiesen wurden, haben das gezeigt. Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird die Dynamik des Geschlechterkampfes geschildert, der nicht nur für die Dritte Welt zu gelten scheint. Die Studien zum Gesellschafts- Charakter haben unterschiedliche Charaktertypen beschrieben; in diesem Text werden Charaktertypen dargestellt, die bei führenden Persönlichkeiten in einer mexikanischen Provinzgemeinde angetroffen wurden. Ebenso werden einige theoretische Aspekte untersucht, wie z.B. der Einfluss der sozio-ökonomischen Bedingungen, das kapitalistische Modell und der Zusammenbruch der totalitären Regime in den Ländern des Ostens. Schließlich erfolgt eine kurze Zusammenfassung des praktischen sozialpsychoanalytischen Prozesses, im Anschluss an eine methodologische Studie, die der Anwendung des interpretativen Fragebogens in der erwähnten Provinzgemeinde voraufging.
>The Development of the Mexican Psychoanalytic Society and the Mexican Institute for Psychoanalysis<: In this essay a description is given of the organizational development of the Mexican Psychoanalytic Society, which was heavily influenced by Erich Fromm. After a first stage where a group of psychiatry graduates was trained as psychoanalysts by Fromm at the National Autonomia University of Mexico (the present author was himself among the trainees), the Mexican Psychoanalytic Society was founded in 1956, followed by the Mexican Institute for Psychoanalysis in 1963. An overview is given of the course of studies and methods used at the institute fortraining psychoanalysts; the procedures for screening applicants are also described as well as the various clinical specialties (e.g. focal therapy geared to special groups of clients). The article thus treats the reader to an instructive backward glance at the development of psychoanalysis in Mexico during the 50s and 60s.
Vincent's Suicide
(1992)
>Gruppenpsychologie im totalitären System aus psychoanalytischer Sicht<: Die Autorin diskutiert die Ideen, die drei bedeutende psychoanalytische Denker – Sigmund Freud, Wilfred Bion und Erich Fromm – zu Gruppenprozessen in sozialen Großgruppen entwickelt haben. Ihre Ideen werden im einzelnen dargelegt und auf die Analyse von Gruppenprozessen in totalitären Systemen, wie sie der Autorin von der Tschechoslowakei und der ehemaligen Sowjetunion her bekannt sind, angewandt. Im Anschluss daran werden Überlegungen zur therapeutischen Behandlung von Patienten, die unter diesen Verhältnissen aufgewachsen sind, angestellt und durch klinische Falldarstellungen erläutert.
>Methods of Social Character Research in Erich Fromm<: In the 60s team of cultural anthropologists from Mexico and the United States headed by Erich Fromm conducted a socio-psychological survey, the findings of which were published in 1970 under the title >Social Character in a Mexican Village. A Sociopsychoanalytic Study<. The author of the present essay, who closely collaborated with Fromm on this field project, reports both on the data collection methods and evaluational practices used and on the findings reached by the survey. This co-production with Fromm can certainly lay claim to exemplary status for a large part of the Mexican rural population, pointing to a narrow link between the various manifestations of the social character of the villagers, the role of tradition in the culture and family respectively, and the nexus of economic relationships. This research project resulted in the practical conclusion that the situational realities of the most strongly disadvantaged group in the rural population – young people – needed to be improved by educational programs and agricultural projects, so as to stem the growing polarization between rich and poor among the villagers.
Occhio a quei >sedici<
(1992)
Harry Stack Sullivan
(1992)
Badania nad polityka
(1992)
Psychoanaliza a polityka
(1992)
Teaching Self-Processing
(1992)
La ricerca sulla terapia psicoanalitica 1930-1990. Società di Psicoterapia Psicoanalitica, 44 pp.
(1992)
This thesis seeks to uncover the methodological ground-work necessary for the construction of an emancipatory theory of society. The theoretical work of Erich FROMM on the necessary valuative criteria of social sanity is explored first. This leads to a discussion on the subjective and speculative characteristics of social theories; it hopes to demonstrate the presence of an inherent psychological, internal debate that lies at the root of any political agency. This debate is properly located between our accepted social norms and our more deeply rooted, historically acquired beliefs and perspectives, between the public and the private realm. – This dichotomy leads to the more contemporary work of Nancy Chodorow, where this public-private debate is critiqued through the use of the interpretive analysis of object-relations theory, a theory of personality development firmly grounded in specific socially constructed patterns. Her work serves as an example of an interrelational theory of political agency which does not risk becoming self-justifying. This thesis concludes with observations on the fact that mainstream political theory seems to have failed to take into account the subconscious motivational factors as the birth-place of our complex, socio-political behaviour; what we will call the >pre-political,< private debate. It finally restates the possible contribution that psychoanalytic methodology can make to social theory and to the study of political behaviour.
Presents a general approach to a psychology of values and offers a model that integrates the work of M. Scheler (1913, 1916), A. H. Maslow (1970), and E. FROMM (1957). Psychological values are defined as (1) justification for a given way of behaving, thinking, or feeling and (2) the observable aspect of the internal experience of motive. Values are experienced as sensations on the biological levels, as feelings on the prelogical level, as recognized values on the logical level, and as direct experience of values on a supralogical level.
This paper explores the relationship between society and sexuality, which is overlooked in the later phases of Critical Theory. The author begins with a discussion of the role of sexuality in the writings of Wilhelm Reich and Erich Fromm. Reich uniformly celebrates and strategically deploys sexuality to critique Western capitalistic society while Fromm lacks a clear and consistent utilization of sexuality. Reich uses Marx in his predominately Freudian framework of sexual repression in trying to' address the problem of repression and suppression in Western capitalism. Fromm, on the other hand puts Freud into his already Marxist approach 10 authority, the family, and ideology. Adorno, Marcuse, and Horkheimer largely ignored sexuality in their later writings, but instead used Freudian concepts in their theory of the authoritarian personality.
To explore the relationship between society and sexuality, which is overlooked in the later phases of critical theory, the role of sexuality in the writings of Wilhelm Reich and Erich FROMM is explored. Reich uniformly celebrates and strategically deploys sexuality to critique Western capitalistic society while FROMM lacks a clear and consistent utilization of sexuality. Reich uses the theories of Karl Marx in his predominately Freudian framework of sexual repression in trying to address the problem of repression and suppression in Western capitalism. FROMM, on the other hand, puts the theories of Sigmund Freud into his Marxist approach to authority, the family, and ideology. Theodor W. Adorno, Herbert Marcuse, and Max Horkheimer largely ignored sexuality in their later writings, but instead used Freudian concepts in their theory of the authoritarian personality. 17 References. Adapted from the source document.
Vorwort
(1992)
Das Versprechen der Schlange. Religion und Religionskritik bei Erich Fromm und den Frankfurtern
(1992)
Pietno opresji
(1992)
To cure or to heal? a clinical and theoretical study of healing processes within psychoanalysis
(1992)
Selbstmorder in der Kalahari
(1992)
The book deals with one of the main leitmotivs of contemporary humanities – the criticism of Cartesian duality of subject and object. To define the ideas expressing this criticism the author uses the philosophical metaphor of >non-Cartesian coordinates<. By the application of this metaphor the author aims at showing how two configurations of these ideas, neostructuralism of A. J. Greimas and neopsychoanalysis of E. FROMM, can become the coordinates for characterizing other non-Cartesian orientations (deconstructionism, Lacan theory, and neo-gnoses).
Grundzüge der Persönlichkeitslehre Erich FROMMs werden systematisch dargestellt. – Inhalt: (1) Geistige und biographische Wurzeln FROMMschen Denkens (Die jüdische Tradition; psychoanalytische Erfahrungen; die Auseinandersetzung mit Sullivan). (2) FROMMs Sozialpsychologische Methode. (3) Grundbegriffe der Anthropologie Erich FROMMs (Das Modell der energetischen Strukturierung; das Modell der Instinktsubstitution; existentielle und historische Dichotomien; die existentiellen Bedürfnisse des Menschen). (4) Der Charakterbegriff FROMMs. (5) Nicht-produktive Charakterorientierungen (Die rezeptive, ausbeuterissche, hortende, destruktive, Marketing-, konformistische, nekrophile Charakterorientierung). (6) Produktive Charakterorientierungen ( Produktive Liebe; produktives Denken; produktives Tätigsein). (7) Die Liebe zum Toten und die Liebe zum Lebendigen (FROMMs >biophile Ethik<).
Society as Destiny
(1992)
Investigated is Erich FROMM's concept of social character (see, eg, >The Sane Society<, New York: Rinehart, 1955), which refers to aspects of personality shared in a society, or subsociety, due to socialization effects resulting from common exposure to the same institutional practices, notably to efforts of economic institutions. FROMM proposes that within complex Western societies, the same language is used differently in differing socioeconomic groups. These theses are tested against the results of several empirical studies, including one that compared the treatment of psychiatric patients of middle- and lower-class origins (Grey, Alan, >Social Class and the Psychiatric Patient: A Study in Composite Character<, Contemporary Psychoanalysis, 1966, 2, 87-121). Results indicate that FROMM's prediction of greater alienation among the middle class is not sustained, but that there are other significant class differences. In general, FROMM's conceptualization provides a useful tool for integrating social science with clinical psychoanalysis.
Empathy and Inquiry
(1992)
>Ein sozio-psychoanalytischer Interventionsprozeß in einem mexikanischen Bergarbeiterdorf<: Dieser Beitrag gibt Rechenschaft von den Wirkungen, die eine knapp 6jährige soziopsychoanalytische Arbeit in einem mexikanischen Bergarbeiterdorf, speziell bei der kindlichen Bevölkerung an einer Grundschule, gehabt hat. Zunächst wird in allgemeinen Begriffen die Struktur des >sozio-psychoanalytischen Prozesses< beschrieben, wie er im Anschluss an Erich Fromm konzipiert ist: Aus der erweiterten Perspektive einer Integration des Unbewussten wird nicht nur der Bezug zu unterdrückten Sexualimpulsen wiedergewonnen, sondern es wird auch aufgezeigt, inwieweit das Sozialsystem als solches diese verdrängt und so Charakterzüge ausprägt, die dazu beitragen, das System und seine sozio-ökonomische Struktur durch Rationalisierung und Ideologiebildung zu stabilisieren. Dir Bericht basiert auf der Auswertung von insgesamt 141 Fragebögen, die bei einer Zufallsstichprobe von Kindern 3 Jahre vor und 3 Jahre nach dem Anlaufen des Projekts erhoben wurden (hiervon umfasste die erste Stichprobe 73, die zweite 68 Fragebögen). In einer vom Mexikanischen Nationalen Rat für Wissenschaft und Technologie (CONACYT) geförderten Auswertung wurde zwischen beiden Stichproben ein systematischer Vergleich gezogen. Bei der Inhaltsanalyse der Antworten wurde besonders auf die Bildung von Charakterzügen und auf das moralische Urteil geachtet; die häufigsten Charakterzüge und die Differenzen zwischen den beiden Auswertungen werden beschrieben. Dabei stellt sich, was das Selbstbild der Kinder angeht, eine gewisse Besserung heraus, verbunden mit einer Verschiebung hin zu produktiven und biophilen Charakteren. Bei einer gründlicheren Auswertung des Materials tritt als ein spezieller Befund eine merkliche Verringerung im Ausmaß der physischen Misshandlung, die die Kinder zwischen der ersten und der zweiten Erhebung zu erleiden hatten, hervor. Dies weist darauf hin, dass der Prozess der sozio-psychoanalytischen Intervention eine hervorragende Möglichkeit von Gemeinwesenarbeit darstellt. Es scheint gelungen zu sein, selbsttätige Entwicklungsprozesse in Gang zu setzen, die vor allem bei den beteiligten Müttern der betroffenen Familien eine prophylaktische Wirkung zugunsten der geistigen Gesundheit der Kinder hatten, abgesehen davon, dass ihnen auch eigene Möglichkeiten der Partizipation zugänglich wurden.
Prefacio
(1992)
Vorwort
(1992)
Editor's Foreword
(1992)
Foreword
(1992)
>Humanism in the Life and Work of Erich Fromm. A Laudatio on his 90th Birthday<: Apart from the socio-psychological concern informing Erich Fromm’s whole opus, it is his humanist thought that runs as a leitmotif through his life and work. This essay attempts to indicate the wellsprings of Fromm’s humanist thought and to systematically delineate the essential traits of Fromm’s humanism. The primary early impulse behind Fromm’s humanism was the embodiment of Jewish humanism he encountered in the person of Salman Baruch Rabinkow, the Habad Hassid and Erich Fromm’s Talmudic teacher in Heidelberg between 1919 and 1925. Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalysis with its teaching and guiding precept of opening oneself up to persons in their wholeness was to become the second source of Fromm’s humanism. For all that Fromm stressed his roots in the humanism of the Renaissance and the Enlightenment, there is no doubting the uniqueness and authenticity of his own version, nor that his reading of the essence of humanism transcended these traditional forerunners in essential points. This essay is rounded off by a characterization of the humanist Fromm using only statements quoted from Fromm himself and others on the personality of his teacher Rabinkow.
Vom Haben zum Sein
(1992)