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法国哲学家米歇尔•福柯认为,>全景监狱<是信息社会的社会控制机器,社会管理者通过信息不对称的方式来实现低成本、高效率的社会治理。然而,随着传播技术的日新月异和媒介形态的层出不穷,信息资源分配方式的不断变革催生了以>围观<结构为主要特征的新型社会结构——>共景监狱<,它是众人对个体展开的集体>凝视和控制<。在互联网时代,网民是>共景监狱<场域中规范化监视的主体,他们在数量增长、信息消费、议程设置三大层面展现了自身>凝视与控制<社会的力量。本文基于>共景监狱<的场域特征,结合弗洛姆>社会性格<的相关理论,发现网民的>话语实践<在网络匿名机制的作用下既得到了极大释放,又增加了非理性的因素。因此在>话语实践<过程中,网民往往呈现出非理性狂欢、情绪燃点低、自我意识弱等社会性格的基本特征。
[Chinese abstract not available] With the American psychologist Erich Fromm's humanistic ethics as a point of reference, this article analyzes >The Winter of Our Discontent< (1961), John Steinbeck's final work of fiction. This novel focuses on protagonist Ethan Allen Hawley as he succumbs to the influence of corrupt social values and thereby fails to actualize his primary potentiality for goodness. At the novel's end, however, as he is on the verge of suicide, he thinks about the innocence of his daughter, Ellen, and experiences an epiphany of light that leads to a realization of love for self and others. Overcoming his sense of alienation from the good, he embarks on a course of active freedom that will enable him to go on with his life. Steinbeck's exquisite depiction of Ethan's moral development reflects his own ethical concerns about the well-being of his beloved America. [Translation: www.cnki.net, 9/2023]
This paper analyzes >The Winter of Our Discontent<, John Steinbeck’s last novel, from the perspective of humanistic ethics as advocated by American psychologist Erich Fromm. Affected by corrupt social values, the protagonist Ethan fails to realize his primary potentiality for goodness at first. Touched by his untainted daughter Alan, however, Ethan eventually experiences an epiphany, gradually recognizes the importance of self-love, and overcomes alienation in his realization of active freedom. By tracking Ethan’s moral development, Steinbeck gives voice to his own ethical concerns. [Translation: www.DeepL/Translator, free version, 6/2023]
In the fields of philosophy, annoyance is almost the permanent topic. Fromm attempted to define the root of annoyance as the loneliness from the perspective of psychology. There are various ways of getting rid of loneliness, the ideal combined way of which is the mature love. It is thought that how to gain the mature love involves the following aspects: the first is to have mature personality, in other words, to have high self-recognition and creativity; the second is that human should know the spirit cleaning, namely keep attention concentrated and have brain sensible and awaken; the final is to gain the capacity of love by overcoming the self-love, and having rational belief and active activity.
Found Fromm [发现弗洛姆]
(1998)
Some successors of Marxists once insist that the >substance<of the world is >abstract matter< of old materialism. Western Marxists who are the affirmative or negative of >substance< commonly demand re-understanding Marx’s texts because they think that the judgment doesn’t embody the real Marxist philosophical revolution. With the refusing to >abstract matter<, Lukács, Fromm, Schmidt and Gramsci etc.do their most to emphasize ontological significance of historical practice and the nullity of two-pattern of materialism and idealism to understanding Marxist philosophy. Though Western Marxism excessively emphasis on practice, their theoretical approach has important theoretical significance to the research of contemporary Chinese Marxist philosophy. [Translation: www.cnki.net, 6/2023]
埃里希•弗洛姆(Erich Fromm,1900-1980)系当代西方一位著名的心理分析学家、哲学家和社会学家,也是法兰克福学派的主要代表人物之一。他毕生致力于有关人的问题探索,特别是对当代资本主义社会中人的问题进行研究,写下了许多重要著作,对当代西方世界青年一代产生了很大的影响。人本主义伦理学就是他整个学说中的一个重要组成部分。弗洛姆的人本主义伦理学,正如他本人所说,是把人以及人的发展、完善、尊严和自由放在中心位置上的一种思想体系;它强调人本身就是目的,而不是手段;它所信奉的准则是:一切伦理规范的确立都必须以对人本身的认识为依据。弗洛姆试图恢复人在整个价值体系中的地位和尊严,无疑具有一定的合理因素,但他把对人性的认识看作是确立伦理规范的唯一标准,而忽略了社会经济基础对道德的决定性作用,这就使得他的许多观点带有很大的局限性。本文试图对弗洛姆的伦理思想进行一些考察。
弗洛姆是著名的精神分析学家、>新弗洛依德主义<的创始人、法兰克福学派的主要代表人物。他面对西方资本主义社会的深刻危机和非人道化过程的加剧,以异化作为揭露批判其罪恶和病态的核心范畴。因为异化>触及了现代人最本质的东西。<同时,他接受了法兰克福学派理论家马尔库塞的<人的总体异化论>观点,提出了他的总体异化论。本文试对他的这一理论作一点探讨。一在弗洛姆看来,无论是>青年<马克思,还是>老年<马克思,异化范畴在其思想中一直占据着>中心地位<。他对马克思在《1844年经济学--哲学手稿》中用劳动异化的四种表现来揭示资本主义社会的不合理现实是肯定的。他认为,>马克思不仅注意到了同自己的劳动产品的异化,还注