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L’evoluzione: dai dati, ai fatti, alle spiegazioni, alle teorie e alle interpretazioni filosofiche
(2011)
Creative dialogue
(2011)
[Podsumowanie] Interpretacjonistyczna analiza stawiająca sobie za cel zrozumienie ludzkich działań jako zakorzenionych w przekonaniach, jako realizujących przypisany im przez aktora subiektywnie sens, może osiągnąć swój cel po-przez ukazanie funkcji jakie pełnią one względem nieświadomych potrzeb psychicznych oraz trwania i reprodukcji struktury społecznej, której emanację stanowią. W tej perspektywie narracje uczestników życia politycznego o pro-cesach i zjawiskach, których doświadczają, stają się zrozumiałe poprzez od-niesienie do warunków egzystencji, w których powstają. Owe narracje, na które składają się różnorakie powiązane ze sobą sądy o rzeczywistości – diag-nostyczne, prognostyczne, wartościujące czy jakiekolwiek inne – stanowią oczywiście rezultat świadomego namysłu jednostki. Jednak myślenie i jego rezultaty, w postaci mniej lub bardziej złożonych systemów przekonań – ta-kich jak ideologie i doktryny – nie mają tu charakteru czysto intelektualnej aktywności lecz z racji funkcji jakie wypełniają, zawsze zawierają pewien komponent emocjonalny o podłożu nieświadomym. Interpretacja opierająca się na psychoanalizie kulturowej Fromma powinna przebiegać następująco. W pierwszym etapie konieczne byłoby od-tworzenie na bazie empirycznie dostępnych świadectw, takich jak zwerbali-zowane sądy, preferencje i przekonania aktora, jego wyobrażeń czy narracji o danym fragmencie rzeczywistości. Następnie poprzez odniesienie do po-trzeb psychicznych człowieka przeanalizowanie ich pod kątem potencjału gra-tyfikacyjnego jak również możliwości symbolicznej reprezentacji poszczegól-nych form socjalizacji i asymilacji. Następnym krokiem byłaby próba okre-ślenia orientacji charakterologicznej aktora poprzez zidentyfikowanie, które z tych form znajdują najpełniejszy wyraz symboliczny w narracji aktora. Os-tatnim etapem – najtrudniejszym najbardziej pracochłonnym i najbardziej na-rażonym na błędy – będzie skonfrontowanie charakteru indywidualnego z do-minującym charakterem społecznym, w celu ukazania pozycji i stosunku akto-ra do struktury społeczno-ekonomicznej społeczeństwa, w którym żyje.
Euthyphro and Socrates – a study of cases [Eutyfron i Sokrates – studium dwóch typów religijności]
(2011)
The question of Socrates' piety as well as all the issues that it entails (including the problem of the sources' reliability) have been mainly addressed in the theological or philosophical context. In order to broaden such an approach it may be useful to refer to another, psychological perspective. Socrates, namely, together with one of his memorable interlocutors, Euthyphro can be very interestingly analysed and differentiated in the terms of the two modes of existence distinguished by Erich Fromm. The very self-confident piety of Euthyphro, in particular, turns out to be the one of the having mode: it focuses on the possession of literally understood gods' favours and ethical purity. The analysis of the Socrates' mode of existence is slightly more difficult but still possible. As soon as some forms of Socrates' rationality (including Socratic elenchus, irony, and ignorance as well as the references to daimonion) are investigated it is argued that the Socrates' piety can be classified as specific to the being mode. It is constituted by the constant process of rational inquiry, during which the philosopher neither resigns from the application of his rational faculties nor elevates his reason to the status of the sole and absolute principle.
Polish pedagogical studies, with a few exceptions, still discount contemporary trends in psychoanalysis. Erich Fromm was the critical followers of Freud. His thoughts are often called humanistic psychoanalysis or radical humanism. Fromm is calling into question the universal opinions and theories. Fromm does not limit the concept of authority only to the psychoanalytic category of the superego or authoritarian personality (sadomasochistic), examined by the Frankfurt School. Fromm’s category of authority is almost always used in the context of opposition to conformism of contemporary society. Although Fromm criticizes the authority, not all relations of authority – subordinate are pathological. For example good teacher does not HAVE authority, but his IS authority; this relation is free from the exploitation of people. The pedagogy of radical humanism criticizes conformity and demystifies lot of anti-humanistic ideologies. The understanding of Fromm’s authority concept is a clue to resolve many contemporary educational problems.
Este artículo de reflexión intenta entablar un diálogo crítico entre ciencia y religión (es major el término teología para evitar equívocos), dos instancias fundamentales de la vida humana, en algunos momentos de la historia polarizadas hasta la income patibilidad. Trata de recoger aportes de interesantes patibilidad. Trata de recoger aportes de interesantes diálogos al respecto: los realizados entre el famoso físico Albert Einstein y el poeta místico Rabindranath Tagore (Berlin, 14 de June de 1930) entre el filósofo Erich Fromm y el místico budista zen D. T. Suzuki (México, agosto de 1957); entre el escritor y semiólogo agnóstico Umberto Eco y el cardenal jesuita y biblista Carlo Maria Martini (marzo de 1995-enero de 1996); entre los filósofos ateos – el italeano Paolo Flores D’Arcais y el alemán Jurgen Habermas – con el teólogo alemán Joseph Ratzinger (hoy Papa Benedicto XVI / Roma, febrero de 2000 y 2004, respectivamente) y el encuentro entre el filósofo neotomista. Jean Guitton y los físicos rusos Grichka e Igor Bogdanov, con su propuesta del Metarrealismo (1991). Nuestro objetivo es mostrar más las convergencias que las divergencias en un tema que se vuelve nuevamente candente con el nuevo libro de Stephen Hawking, >The Grand Design< (2010). Iluminamos la discusión académica con los aportes de estudiosos del tema como Juan Luis Ruiz de la Peña, Mahatma del tema como Juan Luis Ruiz de la Peña, Mahatma Gandhi, Joseph Jean Lanza del Vasto, Soren Kierkegaard, santa Edith Stein, Raimon Panikkar, Gaston Bachelard y un pensador latinoamericano como Ernesto Sabato. También vale la pena citar a Jean Luc Marion.
Grace under fire
(2011)
This article aims to reflect on the possible contributions of psychoanalysis in relation to severely disturbed patients by means of the presentation of a clinical case. Beginning with the family history, the evolutionary process of the symptoms and identification movements of the patient are analysed. The observation of the transference dynamics is emphasised, showing how the desire of the analyst and his privileged listening will allow the patient some level of possible subjective structure.
This article offers a sympathetic appraisal of Erich Fromm’s concept of narcissism as it relates to the emergence, sustenance, and resolution of authoritarian violence. The discussion is first placed within the methodological debate over the analytic operations that are required for an adequate understanding of authoritarian violence, explaining why a psychoanalytic perspective is necessary. The focus then shifts to Fromm’s take on the Freudian concept of narcissism, before proceeding to explore in some depth his account of the symbolic mechanisms and contextual climate that must combine in practice in order for narcissistic energies to be channeled into authoritarianism and violence. Attention in this regard is paid both to the populace and governing elites. The article concludes with a short exposition of Fromm’s notion of benign narcissism, from its specific content to the conditions of its possibility.
>Die üble Geißel des Terrorismus<. Realität, Konstruktion, Abhilfe. Erich Fromm-Preisrede 2010
(2011)
La sinceridad en la terapia
(2011)
Del diván a la silla
(2011)
>Mire usted<
(2011)
Prólogo
(2011)
Psychoanalysis.
(2011)
Laudatio auf Noam Chomsky
(2011)
Das Beratungswesen auf der Couch. Zum Konflikt zwischen ökonomischer und menschlicher Produktivität
(2011)
Pro und Contra eines bedingungslosen Grundeinkommens angesichts der gegenwärtigen Entfremdung
(2011)
Educação entre Ter e Ser
(2011)
Introducción
(2011)
El encuentro 'directo'
(2011)
¿Por qué el hombre al empezar el tercer milenio encuentra su mayor placer en querer ser aceptado por todo el mundo o en tener que hacer todo en forma calculada?. El autor, postula que la teoría psico-sexual y de la pulsión propuesta por Freud, no logra una explicación inteligible a esta pregunta, ya que centrar su poder explicativo en los factores individuales intrínsecos de índole psíquica u orgánico que dan origen a la pulsión, dejando de lado los factores ambientales y vinculares propios de las necesidades del procesos de vida contemporáneo, que moldean la expresión de dicha pulsión en pensamientos, emociones y conductas que intentan dar respuesta, con placer y pasión, a dichas necesidades. Esta consideración de las necesidades del proceso de vida, es propuesta por Erich Fromm ya en los años 30, donde el problema psíquico básico del hombre no se sitúa en la satisfacción o frustración de sus pulsiones, sino en la manera que se relaciona con la realidad contituyendo, finalmente, su carácter.
I shall start by showing Erich Fromm’s particular social psychological approach to the understanding of man. In the main part, a new character type is presented that can be observed particularly in highly industrialized countries where people are devoted to the so-called postmodern way of life. Finally, I shall interpret the meaning of an individual’s deep longing for constructing life and reality anew and without any limitations resp. to participate in those enacted life styles that establish a feeling of belonging to those fabricated realities. This will enable me to ask about such an individual’s unconscious feelings and beliefs and his or her social and personal functioning.
Einleitung des Herausgebers
(2011)
Przedmowa
(2011)
Foreword
(2011)
Erich Fromm – Liebe zum Leben. Eine Bildbiografie von Rainer Funk, München (dtv 34669) 2011, 176 pp.
(2011)
(Foreword, Arabic)
(2011)
The Great Escape: World War II, Neo-Freudianism, and the Origins of U.S. Psychocultural Analysis
(2011)
Psycho-cultural analysis stands as a signal accomplishment of the 1930s U.S. assimilation of European refugee-intellectuals. Scholars in the U.S. had been moving toward a kind of psycho-cultural analysis well in advance of the Great Migration – the U.S. was not an intellectual vacuum or wasteland – nevertheless, it was through their interdisciplinary collaboration, fueled by the specter of war, that these international peers stimulated one of the most wide-ranging, dynamic, and productive exchanges of ideas of the century. Through the lens of Erich Fromm's >Escape from Freedom<, this article explores psycho-culturalism's emergence in the interstices between cultures, nations, ideas, and disciplines – between Europeans and Americans, psychoanalysts and social scientists.
Introdução
(2011)
Júbilo y fortaleza
(2011)
Das ‚Manifest des evolutionären Humanismus< von Michael Schmidt-Salomon. Eine Zusammenfassung,
(2011)
Wohl-Sein, Wahrheit... – Erich Fromm wusste, wie die Gesellschaft Denk- und Leidensstrukturen prägt
(2011)
Erich Fromm on Freedom
(2011)
In this paper the writer examines Fromm’s theory of freedom in three stages: pre-freedom, negative freedom and positive freedom in his works especially in >The Fear of Freedom< or >The Escape of Freedom<. The writer discusses Fromm's ideas about three concepts and the distinction between pre-freedom, negative freedom and positive freedom. It seems that Fromm’s conception of positive freedom as the rational pursuit of self-interest translates into an idea of independence or opposite pre-freedom in his social philosophy; moreover, Fromm's idea of negative freedom is not just the absence of constraints, since the word >negative< has a twofold aspect. However, his idea of positive freedom involves a certain degree of independence from other people as an individual; in other words, the maximization of everyone's independence from other people is the very important core of positive freedom for Fromm in his works. In short, it can be clearly seen in Fromm’s conception that positive freedom is, however, constructed independently from his doctrine: it is built on the assumption of the process of growth in human freedom.
The doctrine that love for oneself is identical with selfishness and that it is an alternative to love for others has pervaded theology and the pattern of daily life. Fromm tries to distinguish the selfishness from self-love. He insisted that love for one person implies love for man as such. From this, it follows that my own self, in principle, is as much an object of my love as another person. Fromm finds the crisis of contemporary culture not in the egoism but in the lack of self-concern. According to his point of view, the self-love is the very ground of neighborly love, as the self-hatred causes the hatred to others. The selfish person falls in fact short of self-love. The selfish person has first of all to overcome his Narcissism in order to fulfill the self-love. The self-love includes the aspect of agape, since it identifies itself with the object of love. It has social dimension, while the Narcissism has a tendency to be controlled by the natural instinct. The characteristics of Fromm's idea on self-love lies in his attempt to distinguish it from narcissism as well as from selfishness.