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Este artículo trata de la construcción de una variante del carácter cultural con base en la teoría de las necesidades psicológicas de Erich Fromm y en el carácter social por él desarrollado. Se describen algunas diferencias entre carácter y personalidad y, luego de revisar brevemente la teoría frommiana sobre el tema, se mencionan los fundamentos teóricos y conceptuales necesarios para la elaboración del carácter cultural. Este será una herramienta para estudiar las necesidades psicoculturales de algunos grupos étnicos en Chiapas.
Traumatic social violence provokes adaptive transubjective phenomena of banalization, familiarity and obviousness, which can be understood as a 'defence through ambiguity' that leads to an 'adaptation to whatsoever'. In a state of ambiguity there is numbing of critical thinking and of the alarm mechanisms. During the psychoanalytic process with survivors of social violence (torture, etc.) we can find a secret refusal of the external alienating situation in the intrapsychic representation of an 'object to be saved', an object of concern. In this paper, Ferenczi's concept of 'identification with the aggressor' (introjection of the culpability of the abuser on the child's subjectivity) is compared with this clinical experience. We try to understand and challenge through comprehension and insight the subjective consequences of traumatic social violence, in the three spaces of subjectivity (intra-, inter-, trans-) considering psychic dynamics in relation to reality contexts.
This paper proposes that psychoanalytic psychotherapy can be a helpful form of treatment for certain autistic children. Some of the misconceptions surrounding this kind of treatment are discussed. The literature identifying a particular sub-group of autistic children is then reviewed and the characteristics of this group, and the relationship of their difficulties to early trauma, are described. Using clinical material from work with a child who probably fell within this sub-group, and who had very marked autistic features, the paper illustrates the importance of the therapist taking an active role in the therapy and how this helped the child to emerge from his withdrawn state. Particular emphasis is placed on the importance of introducing themes of aggression, and of this being done in a playful way. The impact of trauma on children's development, with particular reference to the acquisition of language, is considered. The role of sibling rivalry as a factor is emphasised.
Following a thorough study of the Clinical Diary (1932), the author aims to put forward Sándor Ferenczi's theoretical discoveries, which allow him to settle a very advanced clinical consideration. The main parameters of this consideration foreshadow those that, in the following decades, were to be at the centre of some of the most significant developments in psychoanalysis, in particular those of M. Klein, W. R. Bion and D. W. Winnicott.
Community practice on (and off) the couch. Response to commentary by Dr Mario Rendon, T55918-20.
(2005)
This paper aims to consider the signs of Judaism in Psychoanalysis, grounded in the way Freud practiced and demonstrated his Jewishness, in the context of the Viennese Diaspora, from his exile in London until the end of his life and conclusion of his work. Considering what the founder of psychoanalysis has recognized in Judaism as important to his affective and intellectual education, according to his own statements, it tries to demonstrate that the >roots< of errantry, nomadism and exile which single out the history of Jewish people, resound as an echo in the Freudian discovery. Our hypothesis is that what makes up the Jewishness of Freud himself, causing him to exile himself from the Jewish religious majority, as well as the identifications given by other people about his Jewish circumstance, was manifested together with the invention of Psychoanalysis, the major expression of his making up a Jewish devenir.
Risto Fried in Memoriam
(2005)
Attaccamento e sessualità
(2005)
Mental pain is a common concern of psychoanalysts in their professional life. Combining her clinical experience with previous contributions by others, the author presents a personal overview of the patient-triggered mental pain of the analyst. Countertransference is considered to be the major source of the analyst's work-derived mental pain. This type of mental pain is not to be avoided or discarded by the analyst. Rather, the analyst will benefit from tolerating and even welcoming professional mental pain: in most cases, mental pain will bring with it rich clinical material that, upon interpretation, will help him or her to offer previously intolerable contents back to the patient in a transformed version that now becomes acceptable. The analyst's mental pain may emerge in his dreams; clinical examples of this phenomenon are presented. It is suggested that there is an increased chance of the analyst undergoing mental pain when treating patients suffering from severe psychopathology, and a clinical case is reported to illustrate this assertion. The author proposes that a lifelong effort is to be expected from analysts in terms of enhancing their threshold of tolerance to professional mental pain. In situations of mental pain, analysts must be particularly aware of the need to modulate their interpretations before transmitting them to the patient. The capacity of analysts to transform their mental pain (Ta, according to Bion) will depend on the plasticity of their container functions, the quality of their transformation abilities and, in particular, their threshold of tolerance to mental pain.
Einleitung
(2005)
Das entgrenzte Ich
(2005)
Prefazione
(2005)
(Die Liebe des Lebens: Die Aktualität von Fromms Denken, Arabic = حب الحياة: معاصرة فكر فروم)
(2005)
Einführung in die Tagung
(2005)
Foreword (Farsi)
(2005)
Erich Fromm’s Productivity: Creativity as Exemplified ny Joyce’s Blooming of Leopold and Molly
(2005)
According to Erich Fromm, the productive character expresses what he called the life force in ways that are, by nature, artistic in quality. His valuing of the vital and the artistic, fueled by this life force in our potential to he human, serves as the cornerstone of his model of psychoanalysis. Gilbert Rose, author of Necessary Illusion: Art as >Witness<, also has identified the parallel between analytic and artistic processes, building on the assumption that the therapeutic alliance and the aesthetic alliance are one and the same. In elaborating this assumption and extending the parallel between Rose and Fromm, I draw the conclusion that the qualities of relationships have an impact on one’s ability to express oneself creatively, to live an artistic life--that is, to live productively. Psychoanalysis is, in practice, a process that is artistic, creative, and recreative in nature. To the degree that authentic expression of emotion-ally charged implicit knowledge of the ineffable (the emotional life that resides deep in the bodymind) results in transformation and healing, the process is artistic in nature. This process is exemplified by examining the life and literary creations of James Joyce, especially Joyce’s characters of Molly and Leopold Bloom in Ulysses.
Religious and national radicalism in Middle-Eastern countries: A psychoanalytical point of view
(2005)
This article explores the Adlerian concept of inferiority complexes that serve as a possible source of unconscious motivation for religious and national radicalism. The Middle-Eastern countries of Iran, Iraq, Syria and Turkey serve as examples. Religious extremism and national radicalism are described as a result of the overcompensation of underlying inferiority complexes caused by belonging to ethnic and religious minorities.
This paper reviews how the bond between the therapeutic relationship and transference is created, illustrates its technical management, and provides a basic methodology for the exploration of both transference and the therapeutic relationship. For this purpose, the current therapeutic relationship, the concept of affective dominance, the object relation triggered by transference, the past and present unconscious, and the relationship pattern (CCRT) applied to dreams will all be considered. The approach in this paper is based on an object relation conceptualization. Highlights of the theory underlying the technique will be illustrated in a succinct discussion of the clinical treatment of a borderline patient in psychoanalysis.
Commentary: Gene-Environment Interplay in the Contept of Genetics, Epigenetics, and Gene Eppression
(2005)
Summum jus, summa injuria
(2005)
The problematic of narcissism in the way Freud visualized forces us to acknowledge the dualism of drives inside the subject; the object relations theory then builds up on the inherent need and the structuring potential of the object. The paper traces the growth of this concept in Freud's thinking in a bid to show how the object's otherness is not fully metabolized within the Freudian corpus. On the other hand, recent criticisms of object relations theory point to the perfunctory role ascribed to Freud's most radical discovery of the dualism of drives. Winnicott, Laplanche and Green have all developed theories that have provided pertinent rejoinders to the problematic of narcissism and object relations. The paper discusses how deconstructing and >going back over Freud< helps us to redefine object relations and give the drive functioning due importance. Hence the main thesis of the paper – that of narcissism – reveals the decentered subject's tussle with itself and with the alienness emanating from the object's otherness. If used creatively, ideas such as >otherness<, >objectalizing function< and Green's conceptualization of the clinical significance of negative and positive narcissism then seek to enrich the theorization on narcissism.
Entwicklungen, die die Psychoanalyse nach Freud im deutschsprachigen, angelsächsischen und französischen Raum genommen hat, werden umfassend dargestellt. Theoretische Konzepte und Vorgehensweisen der einzelnen Ansätze werden in ihren historischen Zusammenhängen beschrieben. – Aus dem Inhaltsverzeichnis: (1) Die Entstehung der psychoanalytischen Bewegung. (2) Der Abfall Adlers und der Adlersche Einfluß. (3) Der Abfall Jungs und die Jungsche Strömung. (4) Die orthodoxe Richtung [Abraham; Jones; Glover. (5) Die therapeutische Ungeduld [Stekel; Rank; Alexander und die Schule von Chicago. (6) Die symbolischen Differenzierungen Sandor Ferenczis. (7) Die weibliche Konfrontation: Melanie Klein, Anna Freud. Die Psychoanalyse in Grossbritannien. (8) Die New Yorker Schule [Spitz; Erikson. (9) Die kulturalistischen Tendenzen [Anregung der Ethnologen und Psychologen; Hartmann und die Ich-Psychologie; Sullivan und FROMM; Horney; Roheim. (10) Der Freudomarxismus [Wilhelm Reich; Herbert Marcuse. (11) Existentielle Psychoanalysen [Binswanger; Frankl; Caruso; Daim. (12) Französische Ausrichtungen. (13) Jacques Lacan und die Freudsche Schule. (14) An den Grenzen der Psychoanalyse [Einzeltherapien; Psychotherapien mit gesellschaftlicher Dimension; Antipsychiatrie. (15) Fragen und Ausblicke.
Editorial
(2005)
Dieser Aufsatz befasst sich mit der frühen Phase der Kritischen Theorie in der Geschichte der Frankfurter Schule, die sich vom Jahre 1930 zum Jahre 1938 erstreckt. Sie ist durch die folgenden Vorgänge gekennzeichnet: die Übernahme des Amtes des Institutsdirektors durch Horkheimer; die Teilnahme Fromms an dem Institut im Jahre 1930; die offizielle Teilname Adornos an dem Institut im Jahre 1938; den Austritt Fromms im Jahre 1939. Diese Phase ist für die Frankfurter Schule dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass durch die Mitwirkung Fromms ein konkreter Prozess der Integration der Psychoanalyse in den interdisziplinären Materialismus Horkheimers verwirklicht wird. Er erreicht seinen Höhepunkt in den im Jahre 1936 veröffentlichten zweibändigen >Studien über Autorität und Familie<. In diesem Beitrag soll dargestellt werden, wie sich diese fruchtbare Zusammen¬arbeit der beiden in ihren fühen Werken widerspiegelt, und ferner aus welchem Grund es zu dem Bruch zwischen den beiden kam.
Gewalt statt Beziehung - Überlegungen aus der Sicht des transaktionsanalytischen Menschenbildes
(2005)
This article argues that we need to take seriously the centrality ofthe dead to fascist ideology. Organized around the fascist slogan ‘Long Live Death!’, the article examines a host of fascist claims and practices centered on the dead. These include Martin Heidegger’s suggestion that we can be with the dead, and a range of provocations, tropes and ceremonies which suggest that the dead are either still present or are about to be resurrected. Through a critique of other categories which have been used to grapple with this dimension of fascism— necrophilia (Fromm), suicide (Foucault, Deleuze and Guattari), survival (Theweleit)—the article argues that fascism is animated by ideas about resurrection and assumptions about immortality.