Refine
Language
Document Type
- Articles (91)
- Books (7)
- Forewords (5)
- Reviews (5)
- Event Reports (2)
- Dissertations (1)
Has Fulltext
- yes (111) (remove)
Year of publication
- 1998 (111) (remove)
The Ego Structure and the Self-Identity of the Schizophrenic Human and the Task of Psychoanalysis
(1998)
Therapeutic transformation of the otherwise splitting symbiosis, transformation of the self-object into the transitional subject and progressive psychopathology as a preliminary stage to dualisation, communication and rehabilitation are described against the background of the author's 50 years of experience of working with schizophrenic patients. In addition to good social and existential healing, the author stresses the value of the individual sessions for both therapist and patient. The author clarifies the difference between >projective identification< and >partial identification with the suffering of the patient<, the latter demonstrating the strong side of the therapist, who exerts a positive influence, converting schizophrenic symbiosis into therapeutic symbiosis.
Frieda Fromm-Reichmann became famous with her intensive psychotherapy of psychotic patients which she developed in Chestnut Lodge where she worked, after having left Nazi Germany, from 1935 until her death in 1957. The paper outlines her life and work in Germany. Studying medicine in Königsberg (East Prussia), she wrote her dissertation about pupillary changes in schizophrenia and worked during World War 1 under the famous neurologist Kurt Goldstein with brain injured soldiers. They both differentiated between somatic and psychic factors in neurologic patients and published articles about neurotraumatology including aphasia. Between 1920 and 1923, she worked in the psychotherapeutic sanatorium Weisser Hirsch in Dresden under J.H. Schultz where she treated neurotic and psychotic patients. In these years, she started her training analysis and her psychoanalytic teaching and publishing. From 1924 to 1933 she led a kosher psychoanalytic sanatorium in Heidelberg, co-founded the Frankfurt Psychoanalytic Society and gave university lectures in psychoanalysis in Frankfurt and Heidelberg. She became a close friend of Georg Groddeck who treated also somatically ill patients with psychoanalysis. — Her great promoters furthered different important attitudes which got very important for Fromm-Reichmann later: Goldstein the natural scientific discipline, Fromm the political view, Groddeck the therapeutic optimism.
Organisation und Charakter. Sozialpsychologische Aspekte zur Analyse von Sekten und Psychogruppen
(1998)
In The Life and Work of Sigmund Freud, Volume III, Ernest Jones explained the third wave of dissension as an effect of the progressive mental deterioration of two members of the Committee, who had governed the psychoanalytic movement: Rank and Ferenczi. While in relation to Rank, Jones made a partial recant, in relation to Ferenczi, he did not modify his assertions. Erich Fromm collected various testimonies by witnesses of Ferenczi's last years, all contrasting Jones's assertions, and challenged Jones's manner of writing his-tory. However, since Fromm was himself a dissident, and his witnesses were pupils, relatives or friends of Ferenczi's, they were discarded as >partisans<. The present study aims at reconsidering the question on the basis of many docu-ments, among which the 1958 report of Lajos Levy (Ferenczi's physician) to Anna Freud. The consulted documents do not support Jones's allegation of Ferenczi's insanity. At the same time, they show that Jones's allegation was not a one-man fabrication, but reflected a shared belief. Finally, the author attempts a reading of the possible function of this belief within the psychoanalytic commu-nity. It is pointed out that Ferenczi's emphasis on the analyst as a real person was incompatible with the strict conception of psychoanalysis, based on the theoretical rejection of the affective factors which was becoming dominant around 1957, and it is argued that the narrative of Ferenczi's >falling into insanity< represented an expression of the fear of remaining embroiled in the patient's affective net.
This paper considers the fundamental change introduced by Ferenczi in1919 by proposing the use of countertransference as an instrument. Basically it reconsiders the concept of analytic neutrality; mastery of countertransference is reached through tolerating it, overcoming resistances against it, demanding a very intense involvement of the analyst, as opposed to the image of the surgeon or the mirror. The paper analyzes the implications of this position for psychoanalysis. It places these concepts in the scientific and personal context in which it was written, then follows the later developments of these ideas in Ferenczi’s own work, as well as in that of some other authors, and comments on the effects of these ideas on the psychoanalytic movement. Finally it poses some questions regarding our present use of countertransference in clinical work, with two brief vignettes highlighting these points.
On the basis of a historical survey of Ferenczi's contributions to the concept of countertransference, the author highlights the most important theoretical shifts present in each of his contributions, from Freud's initial formulation in 1910 to the ?Clinical Diary?. Besides pointing to some key concepts and characteristics in Ferenczi's thinking, such as ?the control of the countertransference?, ?The transference-countertransference interaction?, ?the analyst's narcissism?, and in particular the view of countertransference as a useful therapeutic tool in itself rather than as an obstacle for the cure. The author discusses Ferenczi's significant influence on some later analysts, especially on Heimann, Winnicott, Racker and Searles who stood out precisely for, among other reasons, their contributions to the question of countertransference.
Mamma, li turchi!
(1998)
On the basis of the assumption that the understanding of Freud's work can gain much from illuminating his own psychological development, the author tries to reconstruct the evolution of his self-analysis. Against the common view of placing it in the context of his relationship with Fliess, the author shows how it actually evolved out of a whole series of experiences and relationships. Freud's self-analysis was initially nourished by his study of the Greek and Latin classics; it acquired the necessary interpersonal dimension through his relationship with Emil Fluss and Eduard Silberstein; it gained a cathartic and thus therapeutic quality through his relationship with Martha; and it eventually became a professional enterprise once his patients forced Freud, with the help of Wilhelm Fliess, to systematically look into himself.
Der zweite Band des Handbuchs zur >wachstumsorientierten Beratung< beschreibt die hauptsächlichen psychotherapeutischen Schulen und arbeitet jeweils Elemente heraus, die zur Verwirklichung persönlichen Wachstums genutzt werden können. – Aus dem Inhaltsverzeichnis: (1) Wachstumsorientierte Beratung und die fünf Strömungen der Psychotherapie. (2) Sigmund Freud und die Ich-Analytiker. (3) Alfred Adler und Otto Rank. (4) Erich FROMM, Karen Horney und Harry Stack Sullivan. (5) Carl Gustav Jung, die Existentialisten, Carl R. Rogers. (6) Verhaltenstherapien. (7) Transaktionsanalyse. (8) Gestalttherapie. (9) Ganzheitliche Gesundheit, Biofeedback und Körpertherapien. (10) Familien- und andere Systemtherapien. (11) Feministische Therapien. (12) Psychosynthesis
The Concept of Trauma According to Ferenczi and Its Effects on Subsequent Psychoanalytical Research
(1998)
Freud abandoned his belief that all the traumas reported by his hysterical patients were true. He came to the conclusion that pathogenic fantasy was more frequent that real trauma. Ferenczi was the first one to return to the idea that most of the neuroses have a real trauma at their root. His pupil and follower, Michael Balint developed this idea and proposed new ways of describing the mechanism of trauma and and some of the therapeutic consequences. Since then much further research has been done about the problems of pathogenic trauma. The ideas of Maria Torok & Nicolas Abraham as well as some of Leonard Shengold's theories are described in this paper.
Editor’s Foreword
(1998)
Prólogo
(1998)
Przedmowa
(1998)
Attention is called to an. early work co-authored by Bowlby and containing a systematic discussion of aggressiveness which is lacking in his later work. The book also ad-dresses wider issues which were later no longer pursued by Bowlby. A, summary of the book is provided. The relations of various aspects of the book with later work, both of Bowlby and others, are discussed.
Frieda Fromm-Reichmann became famous with her intensive psychotherapy of psychotic patients which she developed in Chestnut Lodge where she worked, after having left Nazi Germany, from 1935 until her death in 1957. The paper outlines her life and work in Germany. Studying medicine in Königsberg (East Prussia), she wrote her dissertation about pupillary changes in schizophrenia and worked during World War 1 under the famous neurologist Kurt Goldstein with brain injured soldiers. They both differentiated between somatic and psychic factors in neurologic patients and published articles about neurotraumatology including aphasia. Between 1920 and 1923, she worked in the psychotherapeutic sanatorium Weisser Hirsch in Dresden under J.H. Schultz where she treated neurotic and psychotic patients. In these years, she started her training analysis and her psychoanalytic teaching and publishing. From 1924 to 1933 she led a kosher psychoanalytic sanatorium in Heidelberg, co-founded the Frankfurt Psychoanalytic Society and gave university lectures in psychoanalysis in Frankfurt and Heidelberg. She became a close friend of Georg Groddeck who treated also somatically ill patients with psychoanalysis. — Her great promoters furthered different important attitudes which got very important for Fromm-Reichmann later: Goldstein the natural scientific discipline, Fromm the political view, Groddeck the therapeutic optimism.
Concerning Respect
(1998)
In Freud's perspective the severe clinical phenomena related to repetitioncompulsion depend on death instinct, while according to Ferenczi they depend on severe early traumas provoked by human actions. Concepts and ideas stemming from Ferenczi's posthumous notes seem to be especially relevant for understanding how trauma may result in devastating effects. If a traumatic assault occurs at an early developmental period, which might be described as a ?mimetic period?, causing a displeasure that exceeds the capacity of tolerance of the ego, the ego tries to manage it by a mimetic reproduction of the aggressor's desires. This mimetic reaction leaves an imprint in the subject, which Ferenczi calls >alien transplant<. In line with the idea of an intrusive potential of the environment, Ferenczi also suggests, following Descartes, that the >passions< of the soul are created as a reaction to the suffering inflicted from outside. If we compare Freud's ideas with those of Ferenczi, we find that Ferenczi's concept of >alient transplant< is equivalent to Freud's concept of >death instinct<. In order to make this correspondence apparent, it is suggested to call it >death passion<. This point is illustrated with a clinical vignette.
Fear in the countertransference, and its consequent need for safety, is often ignored in analysis. Yet it helps analysts understand themselves, their patients and the interactive process that triggers these reactions. From a two-person relational perspective, I discuss transactions that arouse mild and more intense fearfulness. My thesis is that not only is fear-arousal an interpersonal event, but so is its relief. I contend analyst and patient together create a danger/safety balance that enables each to profitably pursue their analytic mission. Reciprocity and responsibility are essential aspects of the two-person endeavor in analytic work. Fear in the countertransference often results from induction and projective identification, commingled with personal anxieties and fantasies. I discuss here projective identification as both a communication and an enactment. Two clinical vignettes illustrate the interpersonal transactions that elicit the analyst's fear as well as the dyad's attempts to alleviate it. Conjoint regulation and the analyst's use of self-disclosure provide examples of techniques that help recalibrate the danger/safety balance. The analyst's fearfulness demonstrates vulnerability to and interdependence with the patient. Understanding and working through of fear in the countertransference facilitates the analytic process.
Erinnerungen an Erich Fromm,
(1998)
Memories on Erich Fromm,
(1998)
Sandor Ferenczi's work, nourished by his own experience of shame and injury in relation to his analyst Freud, can be seen to link notions of trauma, regression and shame. This paper may be divided into three loosely connected sections. The first concerns the concept of regression. The second, the debate over the place of gratification and abstinence in controlling the depth of regression and in working through the shame which regression necessarily generates, and the third, the relation between trauma, regression and shame in the work of Ferenczi, together with the shame/ narcissistic injury over his rift with Freud and the subsequent allegation by Jones and others of paranoid delusions and psychotic disturbance.
Successful Psychoanalytically Oriented Psychotherapy with a Middle-Aged Male Schizophrenic Patient
(1998)
A psychoanalytically oriented treatment of a middle-aged male schizophrenic patient is described. The therapy lasted for ten years, with a follow-up period of four years. The frequency of sessions was once a week throughout. The patient had been chronically psychotic for five years hearing voices accusing him of masturbation. From the beginning a positive transference with idealization developed. Mutual trust and a sense of communion was an important feature of the therapeutic relationship. Humour played an important part even during the most difficult periods of the patient's psychosis. He came regularly to sessions and was able to finish his studies soon after starting in therapy. The psychosis continued for many years. The pivotal point occurred after six year's of therapy when the patient dared to travel abroad alone and realised that the voices, speaking to him in Finnish, must be hallucinations, as he was surrounded by foreigners who did not know his native language. The economic recession forced the patient to stop therapy. During the follow-up period the frequency of sessions has been four times a year. The patient's physical and psychical health have improved and no more psychotic spells have occurred. He now owns an engineering firm, which is doing well.
Fromms therapeutischer Ansatz: Ein modernes Modell für eine empathische und authentische Beziehung
(1998)
On Love
(1998)
How to Become a Forgotten Intellectual: Intellectual Movements and the Rise and Fall of Erich Fromm
(1998)
Most reputation studies focus on canonized intellectuals, scholars, and artists. With few exceptions, there has been little detailed examination of the sociological dynamics involved in exclusion. Examined here are the ideas and reputation history of the German psychoanalyst and sociologist Erich FROMM, expanding the repu-tation model outlined by Michele Lamont in >How to Become a Dominant French Intellectual: The Case of Jacques Derrida.< The example of Erich FROMM provides support for a modified version of Lamont's model as well as a level analysis framework. FROMM was a prestigious intellectual in sociology, psychoanalysis, and US intellectual life in the 1940s and 1950s, but since has gone out fashion. Similar macro-, organizational, and microfactors explain both FROMM's decline and Derrida's rise to status after 1965. Emphasis is on the importance of symbolic boundaries within and between psychoanalysis, Marxism, and sociology as factors that both create and damage intellectual reputations.
Comments on >Psychoanalysis and Cognitive-Evolutionary Psychology. An Attempt at Integration<.
(1998)
Revisiting Erich Fromm
(1998)
Erich Fromm (1900-1980) hat das Frankfurter Psychoanalytische Institut und das New Yorker William Alanson White Institute mitbegründet und schließlich in Mexiko ein eigenes Ausbildungsinstitut gegründet. Eine eigene therapeutische Schule wollte er dennoch nie schaffen. Auch hat er selbst kaum etwas zur sog. psychoanalytischen Technik veröffentlicht. Umso aufschlussreicher ist der Bericht, den Ruth Lesser über ihre Supervisionen bei Fromm gibt. Sie schildert, wie Fromm auf den vorgestellten Fall reagiert, welche Bedeutung für ihn Verdrängung, Widerstand, Übertragung und Gegenübertragung in der therapeutischen Beziehungsarbeit haben und wie sehr sich sein Interesse auf die gesellschaftlich geprägten unbewussten Strebungen des Patienten richtete. Eindrücklich wird die Direktheit von Fromms Interventionsstil vermittelt, und zwar sowohl bezüglich seiner empathischen Einfühlung, als auch seines Konfrontierens mit der unbewussten Wirklichkeit. Im letzten Teil wird Fromms besonderes Verständnis der psychoanalytischen Situation reflektiert und die Eigenart seiner psychoanalytischen Behandlungsmethode herausgearbeitet.
Predislowie
(1998)
O objetivo deste ensaio é fazer uma breve análise dos aportes de Wilhelm Reich, Erich Fromm e Herbert Marcuse, que de alguma forma contribuíram para a formulação de uma teoria psicanalítica da perversão social. Nesse sentido, percorremos algumas obras dos autores ao analisar conceitos importantes, tais como os de economia sexual, caráter autoritário, princípio de desempenho e dessublimação repressiva, para avaliar até que ponto eles podem ser utilizados como operadores conceituais na análise de alguns fenômenos sociais perversos. O ensaio também apresenta críticas a determinadas soluções propostas pelos autores, mostrando como os caminhos seguidos desembocam em dois modelos de utopia sexual e social.
One of Sándor Ferenczi's greatest contributions to clinical theory and method is his pioneering concept of analyst self-disclosure. First introduced in his famous paper ?The elasticity of psycho-analytic technique? (1928), analyst self-disclosure changed the nature of clinical interaction between analyst and analysand, from the Freudian model of a surgeon to the responsiveness of an empathic mother. Ferenczi's clinical work with the so-called ?difficult cases? (narcissistic, borderline and psychotic disorders) moved him to discover the ethos of activity within an empathic method. Analyst self-disclosure is one of those responsive measures he developed to address the deficits in communication and interpersonal functioning in trauma survivors. An outline is presented of the ?Confusion of Tongues? which is the model from which selfdisclosure is derived. A contemporary extension of this idea is offered in the clinical and theoretical distinction between judicious vs. conspicuous self-disclosure.
Addressing the issues of intersubjectivity and hermenutics and their relevance for psychoanalysis, the author presents a model for interpreting inspired by the existential hermeneutics of Martin Heidegger. This analysis is then applied to the clinical reality of the psychoanalytical situation. The author discusses the matrix of transference, the analytical dialogue as a form of reflection, the functions of hope and faith, and lastly, truth as faithfulness in the hermeneutic context.
Auf der Suche nach dem ethischen Konsum. Nachhaltigkeit, Lebensstile und Konsumentenverhalten
(1998)
This paper proposes that countertransference dreams may serve as indicators and help deal with difficult crisis in the psychoanalytic process. The transferential field defines the difficulties which the analyst has to deal with. The analyst is always involved in this field. A fragment of a clinical case of the author, in which a countertransference dream had an important role, is used as an example. This paper proposes that countertransference dreams may serve as indicators and help deal with difficult crisis in the psychoanalytic process. The transferential field defines the difficulties which the analyst has to deal with. The analyst is always involved in this field. A fragment of a clinical case of the author, in which a countertransference dream had an important role, is used as an example.
Auf der Suche nach dem ethischen Konsum. Nachhaltigkeit, Lebensstile und Konsumentenverhalten
(1998)
Patients traumatized by events beyond the limits of human experiential endurability often reveal a shattered self with no continuous personal core. These events seem to have occurred without a witness, possibly because their inhumanity caused the subject to disappear while the events were taking place. Such patients suffer from their sudden emergence of dissociated sets of memories which seem to have registered the entire circumstances of the trauma in a frozen state. The therapist's interventions seem to have no impact at these moments. This may be so because there is a self other than the patient's that is present at a scene which belongs to a past that never ceases to recur. These reenactments of past traumatic events reveal a self condemned to disbelief whenever testifying to an inhuman situation devoid of any subjectivity. Vignettes from the psychoanalytic treatment of a patient who suffered from traumatic ?memories? will illustrate the points above. The testimonies of homeless children and of Holocaust survivors also point to this silencing of voices wounded by an inhuman past. Questions regarding the ethical dimension of psychoanalysis and its witnessing to present day injustices as opposed to silencing them ? are addressed.