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Three waves of challenges may be perceived from within psychoanalysis to its reductionist attitude to religion and spirit. These historical challenges from within psychoanalysis are an important context for reading the many papers now being published on spirituality and psychotherapy, and increasingly, spirituality and psychoanalysis. The 1st wave began with some of Freud's contemporaries, among them his friend, the psychoanalyst and pastor Oscar Pfister; the Nobel Laureate Romain Rolland, and the poet T. S. Eliot. Challenges continued after Freud's death: In Britain from psychoanalysts such as Rickman and Guntrip, and in America initially by the European immigrants, Erikson and Fromm. British independent psychoanalysts initiated what may be considered to be the 3rd wave, whose momentum is now swelling to a sea change.
In distinguishing between negative and positive freedom, Isaiah Berlin expressed a preference for negative freedom. Given the track record of those who in the past have advocated positive freedom, this is not surprising. But advocates of positive freedom do not accept that tyranny necessarily results from embracing their conception of freedom, and they are convinced that a commitment to negative freedom is never enough to defend “freedom” against tyrants. They do, however, share one thing in common with those who favor negative freedom: both equate their conception of freedom with >true freedom,< and treat the other as either false or incomplete. This might suggest that Berlin's distinction is more a partisan's tool than a tool of analysis. I disagree. But rather than reducing it to a distinction between >freedom from< and >freedom to,< we need to expand it. Not only will this enable us to move beyond an important criticism of Berlin's conception of freedom, it will also provide a better explanation for why negative freedom is as likely as positive freedom to diminish “true freedom” and why positive freedom is as likely as negative freedom to increase it.
The idea of social character has a long and important history within sociological thought. The concept addresses the fundamental question of the relationship between society and the individual, structure and agency. Tracing the development of the idea of social character from the classical sociology of Marx and Weber to more contemporary writings within American sociology by figures such as Fromm, Riesman, and Mills reveals ideas and perspectives central to the development of social theory. Although many argue that the idea of social character is no longer important in sociology, it has in fact resurfaced in Pierre Bourdieu's notion of habitus. Habitus specifies the original idea of social character without the biological or essentialist traits found in most of the earlier work. Habitus marks a substantial advance beyond earlier ideas of social character, providing a more purely sociological answer to the structure/agency (society/individual) problematic.
The author discusses Dr. Fiscalini's idea of coparticipant psychoanalysis by placing it in historical context. The ideas of the personal self and the interpersonal self emerge from two divergent lines of interpersonal thought, one being Sullivan and the other Fromm. The author poses several questions for consideration.
More than fifty years after Erich Fromm’s >The Sane Society< was first published, it remains an important work, surprisingly contemporary in scope, with particular relevance to scholars working in social theory and media studies. Fromm’s primary emphasis is on evaluating the sanity of contemporary western societies, which he suggests often deny its citizens’ basic human needs of productive activity, self-actualisation, freedom, and love. He suggests that the mental health of a society cannot be assessed in an abstract manner but must focus on specific economic, social, and political factors at play in any given society and should consider whether these factors contribute to insanity or are conducive to mental stability. Ultimately >The Sane Society< provides a radical critique of democratic capitalism that goes below surface symptoms to get to the root causes of alienation and to suggest ways to transform contemporary societies to further the productive activities of its citizens. Fromm envisions the refashioning of democratic capitalist societies based on the tenants of communitarian socialism, which stresses the organisation of work and social relations between its citizens rather than on issues of ownership.
This paper explores the unconscious communication of primary-process material in clinical work with a Latin American male that occurred while I was nursing my first child. Mutually dissociated aspects of self-experience became part of the relationship soon after an unexpected instance of >let-down<. The concept of Eros, the collection of life-preserving instincts that preserve and protect the body and mind – borrowed by Marcuse and other thinkers of the Frankfurt School to understand specifically the generative potential of consciousness – emerged as a helpful construct for understanding the transference and countertransference. Bowlby's notion of attachment, Fromm's social reconceptualization of drive, and Mitchell's integration of the biological and the social dimensions of drive all can be conceived as attesting to the powerful impetus to seek in others connections that create and enable a life structure. Eros in the therapeutic relationship can help recover dissociated elements of the individual, cultural, and political psyche.
Review Louis J. Cozolino: The Neuroscience of Psychotherapy: Building and Rebuilding the Human Brain
(2006)
Review Jurgen Reeder: Hate and Love in Psychoanalytical Institutions: The Dilemma of a Profession
(2006)
Review Herbert J. Schlesinger: The Texture of Treatment: On the Matter of Psychoanalytic Technique
(2006)
On Perseus
(2006)
Review Ethel S. Person, Arnold M. Cooper, and Glen O. Gabbard (Eds.): Textbook of Psychoanalysis
(2006)
Celebrating the 50th Anniversary of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis and Dynamic Psychiatry
(2006)
Review Mauricio Cortina and Mario Marrone (Eds.): Attachment Theory and the Psychoanalytic Process
(2006)
杰罗姆•大卫•塞林格(Jerome David salinger,1919-)是美国当代著名的>盾世<作家之一,他迄今为止发表的唯一一部长篇小说《麦田里的守望者》在美国战后文学中被誉为>现代经典<;他的另外三部中短篇小说集为《九个故事》、《弗兰尼与卓埃》、《木匠们,把屋梁升高;西摩:一个介绍》。他的作品使他被公认为战后另一类型小说的代表人物,具有严肃、自由而又趣于神秘主义的独特写作风格。他的作品集中反映了五十年代美国青少年那种对社会事物既不能撒手不管,又不愿参与的矛盾心理,从不同角度对社会的各方面提出了批评,在美国有广泛的影响。小说以主人公,十六岁的霍尔顿•考尔菲尔德自述的形式回忆了他因成绩太差而在圣诞节前夕被潘西中学开除后在纽约三天流浪式生活的经历。本文把霍尔顿•考尔菲尔德作为美国青年的写照,探究霍尔顿的内心世界。内心的矛盾与冲突是小说《麦田里的守望者》主人公霍尔顿•考尔菲尔德的典型特征。因其复杂性与矛盾性,使得这部小说成为二十世纪文学界的难解之迷。本文选取主人公霍尔顿•考尔菲尔德的神经症作为切入点,在卡伦•霍妮和埃里希•弗洛姆的心理分析理论的指导下,探究了主人公霍尔顿的内心世界,并追溯了以其为代表的美国青年内心矛盾与冲突的本源——他们所处的时代的社会、文化矛盾,为小说及作者的歧义性提供了一种新的心理学阐释。 本文主要由正文四个章节和结论五个部分组成。其主要内容如下:本文第一章是导论。这一部分包括两个方面的内容:第一,介绍了作者杰•代•塞林格的生平和他的写作生涯。其目的是为了从塞林格的生活细节中寻找一些他的创作主题和创作技巧来源,从而更好地理解他的作品。第二,介绍了塞林格的主要作品——《麦田里的守望者》的主要内容和它在战后美国文学中的地位及其作用。《麦田里的守望者》发表之后,评论界的文章不计其数,褒贬不一,但赞扬居多。随着《麦田里的守望者》的出版,塞林格几乎立刻被认可为二战后最重要的美国小说家之一。可以说,塞林格的《麦田里的守望者》不仅从艺术上得到了肯定,而且从社会学的角度也得到了认可,它可以帮助青少年增加对生活的认识,也使成年人对青少年增加了了解,消除代沟。本文第二章简要介绍了本文研究的理论指导——卡伦•霍妮、埃里希•弗洛姆和埃里克•赫•埃里克森的心理分析理论和关于神经症的论述。作为精神分析学的文化学派的成员,他们都认为神经症起源于文化缺陷。同时他们的理论也各有侧重:霍妮详细论述了神经症的形成极其机制,弗洛姆对资本主义文化缺陷进行了分析,而埃里克•赫•埃里克森则强调人格发展中的同一性理论。第三章是论文的主干部分,本章对《麦田里的守望者》主人公霍尔顿•考尔菲尔德进行了心理分析并探究了以其为代表的美国青年精神病态的根源。这一章分为两大部分。第一部分介绍了主人
Erich Fromm (1900–80)
(2006)
Psychodynamic Diagnostic Manual. Silver Spring, MD (Alliance of Psychoanalytic Organizations) 2006.
(2006)
Introduction
(2006)