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The author points out that it is desirable for psychoanalysis to possess not only descriptive theories, which are useful for clinical purposes, but also a general, unitary theory to explain the functioning of the mind. An explanatory theory must be consistent with the findings of the other sciences of the mind. Freud pursued his explanatory aim by formulating his energy-and-drive theory in line with the sciences of his day. This underlay the recognition achieved by psychoanalysis at the time. We currently lack an explanatory theory consistent with the present-day neurosciences, while on the other hand the energy-and-drive theory can no longer be deemed to possess explanatory value. However, a new explanatory theory can be constructed on the basis of today's cognitive sciences. Summarizing the ideas presented in his writings over the last twenty years, the author here puts forward his own theory, which he considers will be useful, first, in a clinical context, second, with a view to standardizing the language used by psychoanalysts, and third, as part of a policy of securing recognition for psychoanalysis among the present-day psychological sciences.
The psychoanalyst's ethics at issue – referred to a paradigm of complexity in the postmodern age – is to affirm as a fundamental value the recognition of determinism of unconscious desire, which implies a renunciation to any exercise of power, even the power of influence that can guide and support. Intending through interpretation of the partial truth of desire to be accomplished as a process that subverts the subject's relation with its own history, psychoanalysis, as it undoes the imaginary fixations of the subject, cannot predict the >politics< of the unconscious desire. Nor can it confront the possibilities of decision and choice of a relative and finite freedom. Using the interpretative elaboration of an intersubjective field of values, the psychoanalytic practice reveals the limits of a knowledge restricted by the context where the interpretation takes place. It differentiates between deciphering and decoding by emphasizing the attribute of the uncognoscibility of the unconscious Thus it reveals the cryptogram, a cipher designed as an ambiguous puzzle that is not exhausted by interpretation as a symbolic act, and it refers to the unrepresentable and the inaccessibility of the real.
The subject of this work is the state of human nature as a result of the impact of technology. Technology is significant for human nature, human freedom and human liberation. Based on an examination of the state of man's nature as a result of the impact of technology, this paper argues that in the process of technology development, on the one hand, reason and wisdom develop man's nature, and on the other hand, this nature is hindered, even destroyed; technology and man's nature are restricted from within. Technology development is not the final goal, but human development is the goal of technology development. In this work, we have dealt with modern technology philosophy and technology-critical ideas in the Western countries and technology alienation according to Marx on the level of human nature, taking human nature as the basis. [Translation: www.cnki.net, 6/2023]