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弗洛姆的人本主义传播思想强调,人应当是传播活动乃至所有生命活动的中心,人类的一切造物都不应凌驾于人类自身之上。不同于法兰克福学派的其他成员,弗洛姆将对人性的心理分析和对纳粹极权主义及资本主义的社会文化批判有机结合,并在>诊断病因<的基础上,提出了人本主义的解决方案。弗洛姆认为,在法西斯社会和资本主义社会,人们只能通过一种不健康的方式来逃避孤独,个人与他人和世界的关系是扭曲的,>偶像崇拜<和>机械趋同<就是这种病症的典型表现。只有通过>爱<与>劳动<及对传播方式的改造,建立人和人、人与自然及世界的自发联系,实现>健康的传播<,才能真正克服孤独、焦虑和异化,促进人的自由发展。当今时代,20世纪弗洛姆的传播思想仍然值得我们珍视。从>人本主义<出发,最后回归到>人本主义<,即是弗洛姆传播思想对当下最大的启示。
A Frommian perspective on the socio-psychological structure of post-fascism in liberal democracies
(2020)
My research explores Erich Fromm’s social theories of narcissism, alienation and authoritarianism for the purpose of linking those theories together, thereby analysing current populist phenomena as an extension of a fascist development in terms of Enzo Traverso’s conception of post-fascism. In my view, Fromm’s critical social theory of narcissism, which pertains to his two other theories, has great potential to unravel current political issues in liberal democracies that are generally tackled in terms of populism. Through a demonstration of the theoretical scope of Fromm’s social theory, which sheds light on pathological social and political phenomena in historical continuity, I argue that the primary tasks of Critical Theory in Frommian terms are to divulge the sources of fascist orientations in seemingly democratic practice and to offer appropriate remedies for these difficulties. In this light, I conclude that in terms of a Frommian social theory of narcissism, fascist types of politics thrive even in advanced liberal-democratic countries, taking the form of authoritarian populism, particularly where society rests on a narcissistic character structure intertwined with an authoritarian orientation.