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Plamen Minchev:
Социалният характер. Теоретични и приложни аспекти
Social character. Aspects of theory and application
Sofia (Unipress) 2021, 294 pp.
First chapter: Social character
1. History of the concept of social character
2. Psychological, social and personal prerequisites of Erich Fromm to develop the concept of social character
3. Social character theory
3.1 Social psychological function of religion and the connection between religion and social character
3.2 The family as agent of the society in transmission of the basic features of social character
3.3 Example of analysis of family structure
4. Definition and aspects of the social character
5. Erich Fromm`s characterology
5.1 Sigmund Freud characterology as basis for Erich Fromm characterology
5.2 Erich Fromm characterology
5.3 Connection between social and individual character
5.4 Social character and ‘lagging behind’
5.5 The theory of love of Erich Fromm as basis for analysis of the different types of characters
6. The social character in the Bulgarian psychological literature
Second chapter: Social psychological portrait of the Bulgarians and Turks
1 Social psychological view of Bulgarian population
1.1 History of development of the Bulgarian social character
1.2 Analaysis of the family structure of the Bulgarians in historical context
1.3 Structure of the Bulgarian education
2. Social psychological characteristics of the Turkish population in Bulgaria
2.1 Demographic development and social structure of the Turkish population in Bulgaria
2.2 Religious structure
2.3 Culture and language
2.4 Education
2.5 Social life
2.6 The Turkish family
3. Studies of the relationship between Bulgarian and Turks
3.1 Studies of the stereotypes between Bulgarians and Turks
3.2 Anthropological study of some villages with Turkish or predominantly Turkish population.
4. The common way of life as basis for developing common social character
Third chapter: Studies of social character
1. Nonpsychodynamic studies of the concept of social character
2. Psychodynamic studies of the concept of social character
2.1 Study of the social character through children games in Mexican village
2.2 Study of the social character in the organizations
2.3 Study of the villagers`s social character in Mexican village
2.4 Study of the biophilia and necrophilia in American society
2.5 Mexican study of women social character in two villages
Fourth chapter: Comparative study of social character of Bulgarian and Turkish teachers
Ian Mc Ewan is one of the most influential and prolific writers in contemporary England, who is known by the British public as “the national writer”. Influenced by his personal growth experience, many of his works reflect the crisis of modern society and the distortion of human nature. Meanwhile, he is good at displaying the loneliness and anxiety of modern people with the sharp language. >Enduring Love< is Mc Ewan’s sixth novel, and also his transitional work. The novel was hailed by the British Book Critics as one of the best novels of the year. The novel begins with a sudden balloon accident, and from then on the fate of the characters has been closely linked. The accident not only reflects the indifference of the social group, but also distorts the identities of the participants. Domestic and foreign critics mainly study this work from the perspectives of trauma, ethics and narrative, but few of them study it from the perspective of alienation. Therefore, based on Fromm’s theory of alienation, this thesis analyzes the theme of alienation in >Enduring Love<. In Fromm’s opinion, the alienation of human beings in modern society is inevitable. Human beings are alienated from others, from the society and even from themselves. The alienation of human nature is a kind of spiritual and psychological experience. The alienated person shows the distorted personality and the psychology of divided self, and they are no longer the creator of their own behaviors, but the slave of their behaviors and consequences. Taking the balloon accident as the background and the characters of Joe and Jed as the clues, this thesis discusses the self-alienation, the alienation from interpersonal relationships and the alienation from society in >Enduring Love<. In addition, it further explores the causes of the alienation, as well as the attempts made by individuals to eliminate the alienation and reconstruct themselves. Firstly, from the aspect of self-alienation, the healthy development of the personality has been hindered by the absent of family warmth and traumatic experiences. Secondly, for the alienation from interpersonal relationship, the traditional gender perspective in patriarchal society and the social unconscious oppression of human nature have caused interpersonal communication barriers and the lack of trust. Finally, in terms of the alienation from society, the communicative principle of egoism and the exclusion to the marginalized people are the common illnesses in modern society, which pushes the alienation of human nature to a deeper abyss. Alienation is a common phenomenon in modern society, which has penetrated into every aspect of our life. Analyzing of the alienation theme in >Enduring Love<, this thesis aims to explore the causes of the alienation of human nature in modern society, which arouse people to pay more attention to their own spiritual needs. Besides, it will arouse people to improve individual’s sense of self-identity and build trust in relationships. The marginalized people should also be more tolerated and understood at the same time so as to form a harmonious and sane social environment. Only the respect and tolerance can make people realize the return of love and morality, thus realizing the redemption of human nature. And only love can build a sane society. [Translation: www.cnki.net 8/2021]
The human term is Marx’s lifelong theoretical subject. As the core connotation of Marx’s philosophy, Marx’s alienation theory expresses Marx’s profound thinking and active exploration of human value. Marx’s alienation theory differs from Hegel’s and Feuerbach’s theory. For Marx, he takes the realistic individual as the object of study, discusses four parts of alienation in >Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844<. This book discusses about the four specific aspects of labor alienation theory. Marx’s alienation theory is not invariable, but with the maturity and deepening of Marx’s thought constantly changing and developing. >Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844< as a concentrated expression of Marx’s early alienation theory, highlights the human alienation. At the middle and late of alienation theory focuses more on the level of methodology. After the publication of the 1844 manuscripts, western Marxists further enriched and developed Marx’s alienation theory. With Lukács and Fromm as representatives, they also proposed the alienation theory at the spiritual and psychological levels. Based on Marx’s alienation theory, this paper analyzes the theme of alienation in the novel from three aspects, including the alienation under the customs and conditions, the alienation of individuals and collectivity, and the alienation of family relations, by means of literature research, comparative analysis and other methods. The first level of alienation expresses existential alienation and spiritual alienation through some means of expression. The second alienation focuses on the three characters depicted by Xiao Hong, and reveals the alienation of individual and collective. The third level mainly focuses on the alienation of the sex and family in >Hū lán hé zhuà<. The significance and value of individual life and existence revealed in the novel can also play a certain role in warning and guiding the problem of alienation arising in the developing of society. More than one hundred years ago, when China was facing the choice of system, Marx’s alienation theory played a significant role. For the current reality, we need to combine Marx’s theory alienation with social development, and realize, criticize and improve ourselves in the new stage of social development, so realize liberation and the freedom of human. [Translation: www.cnki.net, 1/2023]
As social theorists seek to understand the contemporary challenges of radical populism, we would do well to reconsider the febrile insights of the psychoanalytic social theorist Erich Fromm. It was Fromm who, at the beginning of the 1930s, conceptualized the emotional and sociological roots of a new ‘authoritarian character’ who was meek in the face of great power above and ruthless to the powerless below. It was Fromm, in the 1950s, who argued that societies, not only individuals, could be sick. This essay traces the intertwining of psychoanalytic and sociological methods that allowed Fromm to create such new ideas. At the same time, it highlights how Fromm’s sociology was hampered by an economistic Marxist approach to the institutions and culture of democratic capitalist societies. Such theoretical restriction prevented Fromm from conceptualizing how institutions like democracy, science, and psychotherapy can provide resources for widespread emotional recuperation and civil repair.
The Pathology of Modernity
(2021)
This chapter presents the psychological burden of living under modernity’s law of gravitation as the defining focus of much continental philosophy and social science. Most Western philosophers with any self-respect have their own diagnoses of present-day society, intended to capture the essence of living in modernity. Key thinkers such as Nietzsche, Marx, Durkheim, Weber, Freud, Adorno and Horkheimer, Fromm, Rieff, Eriksson and Mitscherlich gave their important contribution to individuation – the development of a unique self, socialization and subjectivation. Equally important is the question of failed individuation as these psychologists, sociologists and philosophers ask themselves whether modern man can manage without >God< and if the science-based Enlightenment’s promise of secular happiness would hold water.