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Although works of individual writers such as T. Adorno, H. Marcuse, and E. FROMM, have been influential in the united states for the last 10 to 15 years, the Frankfurt School's critical theory as an overall approach has only recently received more widespread attention. Based on the german philosophical tradition, on freudian and marxian theories, the school presents a thoroughgoing critique of contemporary society, its effects on individuals, and of certain philosophies ie, positivism underpinning the contemporary social order. At the same time critical theory attempts to outline directions for social change more in line with its view of human nature. Basic themes as formulated by different critical theorists over the past 3 decades are presented.