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The paper first discusses two documentaries by Donna Read, >Signs Out of Time< (2004) and >Goddess Remembered< (1989), that focus on the pacific tradition of the female centered settlements on the territories of modern Eastern Europe in the Neolithic and Bronze Ages. Read depicts significant findings of a world-renowned archeologist Marija Gimbutas who claims that a peaceful image of Old Europe embodied in the omnipotent Great Mother changed radically towards the end of the third millennium when violent Indo-European nomads came from Russia and shattered the matriarchal utopia of equality and natural harmony. These tribes introduced the principles of hierarchy and violent male-rule. Read’s and Gimbutas’ findings are further developed and examined in the studies by Riana Eisler and Erich Fromm who also claim that conspicuous material aggrandizement of patriarchal culture severely damaged a blissful matriarchal bond between man and nature. These theoretical insights are applied to Williamson’s compre hension of nature vs. nurture issue in >Mary and the Seal< (1997). In portraying a tender relationship between Mary and the seal, as well as its tragic and totally unnecessary shooting, contemporary patriarchal culture is brought to a trial. The mere existence of the bond between Mary and the seal, an embodiment of an idyllic matriarchal unity between man and nature, testifies to the prevalent need for the return to its substantial but long-forgotten values. The theoretical insights of Graves, Althusser, Freire, Fiske and Miller will also be used in the interpretation of the story.
This paper was inspired by the documentary >The Act of Killing<, directed by an American-born, British filmmaker Joshua Oppenheimer and released in 2012. Provoked and appalled by what is described as one of the worst mass murders in the 20th century, the movie director focuses not so much on the crime itself but the perpetrators of the crimes and the ensuing consequences. A part from the need to bring to open and discuss this part of Indonesian history, as well as the consequences of the communist and subsequent anti-communist political rules, this paper deals, on the one hand, with the question and the essence of human nature capable of such monstrosity and on the other, with the role that art must take in understanding and healing of the open wounds in any nation’s history as well as individual perpetrators of the crimes. For this purpose, the ideological framework of Erich Fromm as given in his study >Anatomy of Human Destructiveness< and also philosophical ideas of Hanna Arendt, specifically concerning the nature of evil itself were used as theoretical framework.
O presente artigo aborda a concepção de amor de Erich Fromm na sua relação com a fé. O ato de amar, segundo o autor em foco, deve ser considerado uma atividade produtiva e interna, que se fundamenta em um aprimoramento das potencialidades psíquicas e emocionais do sujeito. Além disso, de acordo com Fromm, para amar verdadeiramente, é necessária a fé, que é concebida como um traço de caráter, sendo, assim, passível de desenvolvimento. No que tange à metodologia, este estudo pretende empreender uma leitura analítica das obras A arte de amar, Análise do homem e A revolução da esperança, todas de autoria de Erich Fromm, além de recorrer a trabalhos de comentadores do psicanalista humanista. Como objetivo principal, este artigo pretende elucidar as contribuições do pensamento frommiano no que diz respeito à relação entre a fé e o ato de amar. Pretendemos mostrar que, de acordo com Fromm, para o domínio da arte de amar, é necessário que o sujeito aprimore o seu caráter em favor de uma orientação produtiva, ou seja, é preciso que o indivíduo rompa com o narcisismo por intermédio da fé racional, desenvolva a humildade de reconhecer suas próprias limitações e potencialidades, e utilize a razão como um instrumento que o permita visualizar a pessoa amada como de fato ela é, e não como gostaria que ela fosse.
This article explores the >lack of meaning< in contemporary society as a consequence of Western dualist thought paradigms and ontologies, via Gilles Deleuze’s concept of >reactivenihilism< following the colloquial murder of God. The article then explores processual and new materialist approaches in the understanding of the lived and carnal self, arguing for immanent and senseful materiality as an ethical platform for religious, environmental, and societal solidarity for tomorrow. For the theoretical justification of the processual approach in understanding the enfleshed self, the article employs John Dupré’s processual approach in the philosophy of biology, as well as Astrida Neimani’s critical posthumanism, and contextualizes these considerations with Erich Fromm’s ethical distinction of being and having.
Resumo Neste artigo, procuro problematizar a crítica de Erich Fromm à cultura do capitalismo contemporâneo. Para tanto, faço uma releitura especialmente, mas não apenas, de uma de suas principais obras maduras, o livro Psicanálise da sociedade contemporânea (>The Sane Society<), no qual o autor sedimenta seu projeto analítico de uma >psicanálise humanista<. Na primeira parte o artigo reconstrói, através da ideia de >patologia da normalidade<, a crítica de Fromm aos fundamentos culturais do capitalismo contemporâneo. Na segunda parte, a reconstrução é levada adiante através dos conceitos de >caráter social<e >alienação<, de modo a compreender como o capitalismo tardio do século XX aprofunda, como nunca antes, uma cultura anti-humanista. Na conclusão, procuro argumentar como a obra de Fromm pode ser de grande valia para a compreensão dos problemas tanto individuais quanto coletivos da atualidade.
The author proposes viewing mania as a form of defense against the state of depression resulting from >narcissistic overidentification with the depressive object< (i.e., the object in relation to which the depressive state developed), rather than as a periodic rebellion against such an internalized object. An account of the analytic psychotherapy of a clinical case of bipolar depression serves to illustrate this point of view, linked to the author’s specific conception of the dynamics of depression.
Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar de que forma o poder disciplinar atinge diretamente o corpo sexualizado do indivíduo e quais são as implicações desta realidade no mundo contemporâneo. Para isso, será utilizado como fundamentação teórica Erich Fromm, com o objetivo de analisar as implicações emocionais relacionadas ao desenvolvimento da sociedade capitalista e principalmente, os livros de Foucault: >Vigiar e Punir< (1999) e >História da sexualidade: a vontade de saber< (1977). Por meio deste estudo, pôde-se perceber que a demasiada preocupação com o corpo presente na sociedade contemporânea denota o imperativo do corpo sexualizado, resultado do exercício no domínio e controle efetuados pela sociedade sobre o indivíduo. Isso não ocorre em consequência de um poder centralizado, mas sim por um controle exercido de forma periférica, no qual a própria sociedade estrutura padrões de condutas assumidas pelos sujeitos que lhe constituem.
Therapists’ quest for constructing meaning systems of their patients’ experiences progresses in cycles. These cycles consist of: (1) efforts to achieve closures, propelled by the depressive position with its concomitant judgments, resolutions, and decisiveness, and (2) efforts to dissolve closures, propelled by the schizo-paranoid position, searching anxiously and excitedly for new ways to construct meaning. By struggling to facilitate their supervisees’ cycles of achieving and dissolving closures, supervisors help them to grow as clinicians. Supervisees usually welcome the supervisors’ help in constructing meaning systems and achieving closures. They become wary, however, when their supervisors suggest that they dismantle these systems and dissolve their closures because these suggestions undermine their self-assurance as well as their sense of morality, both nourished by the depressive position. Several approaches are suggested for supervisors to facilitate their supervisees’ efforts to dissolve closures.