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Kreativität und Schule
(1999)
This paper is a meditation on the interpenetration of mental and physical, particularly architectural, place. Its premise is that the relationship between person and place is transitional, ever in flux, person continually defining place into a continuous reality, and reality perpetually placing person. Further, this interchange occurs against the backdrop of an inconceivable void whereby the very terms of the interchange can be nullified. Such a void is unconscious and outside in the sense that it is outside what can be known. The matter of opening the inside to the outside becomes an endeavor shared by psychoanalysis and by architecture, notably sacred architecture. The exchange between inside and outside is considered using as examples the body, Freud's office, Disneyland, and the cathedral. Implications are extrapolated as to the provisional nature of the self.
A Contribution to the Settlement of the Historical Antinomy between Conflict and Defects in the Self
(1999)
Inquiring about the origin of mental distress from a relational point of view, the author focuses on the debate between conflict and structural defects, in order to overcome the dichotomy between the two different perspectives. According to the doctrine of defects in the self, which is based on certain Object Relations Theories, pathology is caused by faulty or inadequate caregivers. The doctrine seems too simplistic, because the child is thought of as completely passive. According to the relational viewpoint in psychoanalysis, the development of the subject takes place in a mutual conditioning process between the subject and the environment, which has to be better conceptualised. Defects in the interactive relationships with the primary caregivers, viewed as a failure in the relationship, create in the child a decompensation, which makes it withdraw from the relationship. In order to open itself to the relationship again, as a primal objectual need, the child builds up a pattern of response, which allows it to negotiate it again. Making use of the research on the first phases of development of R. Emde (psychoanalytic trend), C. Trevarthen (interactive-cognitive trend) and K. Kaye (child psychology), the author argues that the adherence to the structured response pattern leads to a conflict between the structured self image and any other potential different way of seeing oneself. Through a clinical vignette the author will demonstrate how this may lead to a non-cohesiveness of the self, viewed as an inactivation of the subject's developmental possibilities.
Action in connection with the therapeutic process is often equated with acting out. The subtle behaviour that belongs to ?the complicated system of transmitting and receiving unconscious signals? (Sandler), with which the patient attempts to make the analyst behave as the object of transference or to fulfill an unconscious desire, is also described as acting out or micro-acting out (Treurniet). This fine-grained action, however, means nothing; it is not symbolic or communicative action. Its intention is, rather, to trigger effects and induce interactions. It occurs not only on the side of the analysand but also on that of the analyst, and is part of the unconscious communication in the therapeutic process. Presented here are some of the various interactive ways and means with which the analyst is prompted into unconscious action and certain, unnoticed, ways in that he turn ?treatsfithe patient. The analyst's action responses can bear the character of interpretations with which he may unintentionally reveal how he regards the behaviour of the patient.