Refine
Language
- Chinese (1942) (remove)
Document Type
- Articles (1252)
- Dissertations (616)
- Books (69)
- Forewords (3)
- Collections (1)
- Reviews (1)
Has Fulltext
- no (1942) (remove)
埃里希·弗洛姆立足于人本主义立场,融合马克思异化说及弗洛伊德精神分析学说等相关理论观点,揭示资本主义社会表面经济繁荣、物质丰裕,实则出现了消费异化现象,并对如何摆脱异化进行积极探索,做出了重大贡献。本文论述了弗洛姆消费异化建构消费异化理论的理论渊源、基本内容及其扬弃路径,在此基础上立足于我国具体现实情景,探讨其思想的当代意义与现实价值。第一,梳理并论述弗洛姆建构消费异化理论的理论渊源。弗洛姆融合马克思异化说及卢卡奇物化理论等相关观点,同时还学习借鉴弗洛伊德相关理论,在分析人的心理时引入异化观思想,在这基础上提出其著名的消费异化理论。第二,分析并论述消费异化理论基本内容。具体包括产生消费异化理论的前提、产生根源、异化核心等,分别从社会与个体两个层面分析异化表现形式以及产生异化的后果,为扬弃消费异化提供理论上的依据支持。第三,论述弗洛姆扬弃消费异化所进行的路径探索。对此,弗洛姆主张应从心理变革与社会整体变革来实现。首先在社会变革方面,弗洛姆认为,整个社会各个方面协同变革才能取得良好效果。其次在心理变革方面,强调应消除异化对人心理层面上造成的侵蚀,促使人最终不受物的控制或统治,最终走出生存困境。弗洛姆主张重生存人道消费观,同时还注重建立生产性人格。第四,结合弗洛姆消费异化理论评析并立足于我国具体现实情境,归结出当代中国消费领域所存在的问题,对这些问题进行深入分析及提出思考。随着弗洛姆消费异化理论的提出及获得逐渐完善,极大丰富马克思的异化理论,关照现实生存的困境问题,彰显人文主义关怀,具有其一定的合理性。结合我国现阶段现实情境,新时代中国特色社会主义制度建设生态文明,构建绿色生活方式和绿色消费观等,从多个层面等进行共同努力,以期能共同营造良好的消费氛围,进而促使我国消费领域实现健康及和谐发展。
缪丽尔•斯帕克善于创造文学神话,小说《布罗迪小姐的青春》即为一例。在小说中,主人公布罗迪小姐也试图创造自己的神话。本文力图以埃里希•弗罗姆关于人道主义社会的理论解析布罗迪神话的兴衰沉浮,同时指出史诗《失乐园》的>预定性<影响在本小说中的体现。由此,缪丽尔•斯帕克对人类生存困境的洞察力及其作品中折射出的人道主义光芒得以表达。论文第一、二章分别定位于小说中两个主要人物:布罗迪小姐和桑迪。前者是神话的制造者,而后者促成了神话的覆灭。这两章内在机制相同,展现的是人在追求自由与自我实现的过程中极力摆脱生存困境与不可抗因素的努力。情节在怀有相同意念却又是两相制约的行为人中展开,布罗迪的神话也历经了辉煌后的衰落。第一章以人类的生存状况为背景,着眼于人的生存二分律>此岸<与>彼岸<的距离和命运中的不可抗因素,运用弗罗姆关于人的需要及性格倾向的理论分析了布罗迪神话生成的缘由。为摆脱因被自然孤立所造成的离间状态,人在与他人的联系中寻求归属感,权威与附属关系由此而生。布罗迪小姐属剥削型倾向,以玛丽为典型的多数布罗迪帮成员则属接受型,这使得布罗迪小姐的弄权更加恣意妄为,魔幻般的影响延伸到布帮之外的两位男教员。同时,她乖戾的对传统教学的反叛也生发出撒旦般的双重性格特征。第二章以弗罗姆关于合理信仰与不合理信仰,权威主义良心与人道主义良心的理论为基础,剖析了桑迪在寻求自我实现的过程中通过信仰与良心的转变对布罗迪小姐成功的反向制约。这一反作用与布罗迪小姐本身固有的致命弱点的合力促成了布罗迪神话的幻灭。与此同时,桑迪对善与良知的渴望又使得亚当与夏娃的形象浮现读者眼前。第三章是顿悟,揭示桑迪由来已久,并一直持续到她皈依天主教之后的迷惘的根由,也印证了第二章中引用的弗罗姆关于权威内在化的理论。这其中有缪丽尔•斯帕克自身经历的影子,同样值得关注的是弥漫于小说中的天主教氛围,桑迪的皈依可视为是因恶而向善的例证。以弗罗姆人道主义的立场,人有充分潜能,在理智的引导下可以打破权威枷锁,赋予自身存在之意义。这又一次体现出《失乐园》结尾所传达的讯息:乐园既失,一个新的世界有待创造。
The formation of Erich Fromm’s thought of >Escape from freedom< is based on the inheritance and absorption of Marxism and Freud, on the one hand, Erich Fromm draws on Marxism’s social criticism and alienation theory to analyze the social psychological factors that give rise to escape from freedom, on the other hand, it draws on Freud’s psychoanalysis to analyze the individual psychological factors of escape from freedom, and combines the two. By analyzing the phenomenon of >Escape from freedom<, Erich Fromm points out the spiritual crisis of modern people’s existence and seeks to find ways to construct a sound society and a sound personality. Erich Fromm’s >Escape from freedom< was born out of the Protestant Reformation and the development of capitalism. The Protestant Reformation freed the individual from the constraints of God and the church, but when the individual lost the barriers of the church, he could not feel his place in the secular life. In the course of the development of capitalism, the individual gradually neglects the relation with the other because of the separation of the capitalist division of labor from the other, and the individual pays more attention to his own life, cause the loneliness of the heart. Both contribute to the instability of social organization structure and the unhealthy psychology of the individual, a phenomenon Erich Fromm calls >The duality of freedom<. In Erich Fromm’s view, the duality of freedom is one of the most important reasons for the >Escape from freedom<. Along with the development of capitalism, the idea of >Escape from freedom< took the form of authoritarianism, desire for destruction, and automaton conformity, which Erich Fromm believed had a negative effect on the individual, the psychological factors that gave birth to the Second World War. Since the end of the Second World War, the hidden dangers of Nazism have not been completely eliminated in modern society, and there is a democratic crisis in modern society due to the lack of >Sense of tragedy<. So Erich Fromm addresses the problems of the future by nurturing new people who re-exist and building new societies in which people develop as they are. With the further development of capitalism, industrial civilization does show new features different from the past, and the causes and manifestations of >Escape from freedom< have also changed accordingly. Such social phenomena as the disappearance of >Grand narrative< and >Systematic exploitation< of workers in the industrial civilized society show that the >individualization process< has been reconstructed under the new social situation, >Escape from freedom< is manifested by the further loss of individual identity and hostility from >The other<. Erich Fromm proposed to overcome alienated personality through creative activities, through the form of collective art to cultivate a sound personality, in order to deal with the >Escape from freedom<. By systematically combing Erich Fromm’s theory of >Escape from freedom< and combining it with his Marxist philosophy criticism of Erich Fromm, it can be seen that Erich Fromm’s critique of capitalism does not touch on the Base and political structure of capitalism, and that the basis for judging the soundness of society ignores the factor of productivity, and the >Love< which is used to construct people’s spiritual health has ideality and limitation. Therefore, only on the basis of Marxism and historical materialism, from the perspective of concrete practice, to carry out a critical study of Erich Fromm’s thought of >Escape from freedom<, can draw lessons from Erich Fromm’s thought, for the construction of a harmonious society to provide reference. [Translation: www.cnki.net, 4/2023]