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Erich Fromm's Contribution to Relational Perspectives in Psychoanalysis Typescript 1992, 24 p.
(1992)
Erich Fromm (1900-1980), a man of the twentieth century, lived professionally as a psychologist-psychoanalyst-social activist from the World War I and Weimar Re-public years in Frankfurt, Heidelberg and Berlin, Germany; through the World War II and early cold war-Communist witch-hunt years in New York City; through the sixties in Mexico City as Director of the Department of Psychoanalysis at the University of Mexico School of Medicine; and the last decade of his life in Switzerland where he taught visiting psychoanalysts and thoughtfully spoke to the freedom of the then West German peoples. He practiced, taught and wrote about psychoanalysis most of these years, developing several social character types in-terfacing with the culture of the country and the times, all the while trying to differen-tiate health from pathology in the individual patient and in the society in which he lived. His Secon major area of thought lay in the conceptual arenas of psycho-analysis-psychology-sociology-political and economic thought and of religious be-liefs. He never gave up hope for the individual and for society to progress in the di-rection of freedom, peace and humanistic thought. Most unusual for a practicing psychoanalyst, he actively carried his ideas into the political and social arenas and in the rigor of two large scale academic research projects. He was a Renaissance man.
Research indicates that there is no clear relationship between fees and therapy effectiveness, although fees do impact the therapeutic process. By integrating E. FROMM's (1947) personality theory with a typology of client dynamics in response to fees, it is suggested that therapists are aided in the conceptualization of client dynamics and are able to develop proactive treatment interventions. For example, receptive clients may use fees to get attention, to foster helplessness, or to maintain ties with the therapist in the therapeutic relationship. Dynamics of exploitative, hoarding, and marketing clients are also outlined. A major benefit of the typology is that therapists can assess, evaluate, and interpret clients' dynamics in terms of goals, needs, feelings, and behavioral expressions.