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A partir de las tesis elaboradas por el psicólogo social Erich Fromm (1977) respecto a los marcos de orientación y devoción que guían parte del comportamiento humano en sociedad, se cons- truye un sistema teórico-metodológico cuyo objeto de estudio, categorías, subcategorías y ejes temáticos derivan en un instrumento denominado: >Cuestionario sobre marcos de orientación ética de estudiantes de la UNED<, el cual se utiliza en el proyecto de investigación de la Cátedra de Teología titulado: >En qué creen los jóvenes? Marcos de orientación ética de estudiantes de la UNED<. Interesa que este instrumento sea una herramienta válida para sondear la orientación ética de la población con que se trabaja en ese proyecto y constituya, además, un aporte novedoso en el área de la investigación social en torno a temáticas similares. Palabras clave: Orientaciones éticas, Erich Fromm, investigación social, estudiantes universitarios.
Rather than being absolute, human freedom is relative because human situation and condition limits it. Also relative is press freedom. History of press in Indonesia recorded that press freedom is experienced once more by Indonesian people after the 1998 reform. At implementation level, there are numerous debates on the definition of freedom. This research attempts to analyze autonomous and dynamics press freedom in Indonesia as observed from Erich Fromm’s perspective. This research is a qualitative research on philosophical problem analyzed by means of historical-factual approach. Research result indicates that autonomous and dynamic press can be achieved through two actions. First, opposing the parties who prevent press from becoming themselves. Second, developing the >culture< of rationality, i.e. accustoming the press to develop their common sense to reach each of their realistic point.
Przedmowa [Preface]
(2012)
As perspectivas de pensamentos da Logoterapia e Análise Existencial de Frankl e a Psicanálise de Freud, apesar de visões diferentes de ser humano e mundo, há muito em comum, principalmente quando as influências do humanismo e existencialismo afetam os pensamentos de psicanalistas. Esse trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar os pressupostos teóricos sobre o amor e humanidade de Viktor Emil Frankl e Erich Fromm considerados dois humanistas. O artigo busca indicar, apesar das divergências entre as duas abordagens psicológicas, posições em comum principalmente semelhanças de pensamentos, ou seja, concordâncias de ideias em benefício de um bem comum da saúde mental do indivíduo na terapia. Foram utilizadas pesquisas bibliográficas em livros e artigos em bases de dados, por meio dos fundamentos teóricos dos pensamentos de Viktor Emil Frankl e de Erich Fromm. Averiguou-se que, mesmo de escolas divergentes em relação aos conceitos de ser humano e mundo, as duas abordagens apresentam, de acordo com os pensadores, perspectivas que convergem em relação aos construtos de amor e humanidade.
The article examines features of stability and transformation of the personality type emerging as a normative and value image of the modern Russian society. Based on approaches of Erich Fromm, David Riesman, Yuri Levada, two trends can be revealed: one of them aims to preserve those archetypal characteristics so typical of >Soviet human<, another one deals with formation of new properties that would meet goals of market oriented society and define features of individual success. Russian society is characteristic of global processes of values modernization, reasoned by R. Inglehart and C. Welzel, and reflecting individual’s pursuance of greater personal freedom and self-expression. The new value system of the Russians is still nascent; giving up on old social and cultural reality is of phantom nature. Previous research analysis allows concluding that the personality type is balancing between two poles, caused by socio-economic conditions fluctuation, poor establishment of institutional factors for system implementation of the new model, missing of a clear vision of the future, which could serve as a reference. Russian society appears to be split according to the typological dominance factor into two groups – active and passive. The problem arises on how lack of uniform symbolic and semantic field effects the modern personality type formation as it leads to social relations mobility, ongoing risk and complex processes in semio-phychological space. However, the personality type instability may be also caused by socio-cultural specifics, traditions, lack of public communication space development, preservation of former institutional structures and a particular lifestyle.
Статья посвящена анализу альтернативных моделей правовой социализации человека в современном российском обществе. Автор исходит из того, что в процессе формирования законопослушного поведения ведущим фактором выступает характер социально-правовых отношений (авторитарный или гуманистический) между личностью, обществом и государством. Основной чертой гуманистической персоноцентрической модели является признание доминирования внутренних духовных сил и качеств человека в процессе его становления полноценным субъектом общественно-правых отношений. Ее альтернативой выступает авторитарная социоцентрическая модель, в качестве основных детерминант здесь признаются внешние общественные условия и факторы, определяющие вектор социально-правового развития индивида. В процессе исследования перспективной теоретической модели правовой социализации личности в российском социуме были использованы идеи персонализма Н. А. Бердяева, Э. Мунье и С. Л. Франка, концепции социального действия М. Вебера, Т. Парсонса и Ю. Хабермаса, социально-психологические идеи Э. Фромма. В работе сделан вывод о том, что традиционной, исторически обусловленной национальной моделью правовой социализации в российском социуме выступает авторитарная модель. Однако общественный прогресс требует развития гуманистической персоноцентрической модели правовой социализации, способствующей формированию субъект-субъектных отношений в правовой жизни. Приоритетом модели выступают естественные права и свободы человека, составляющие одну из экзистенциальных основ персональной идентичности.
Some people diagnosed with schizophrenia show an alteration of the sense of self. From a psychodynamic perspective, it has been hypothesized they have disorders of the integration of self/other identification/differentiation processes. From a neuroscientific view some with this diagnosis present dysfunctions in neural correlates of representation of self from other (the implicit sensorimotor-based bodily self), and self united with other. In >Sense of self and psychosis, part 1< we discussed scientific literature offering empirical evidence for the psychodynamic clinical observations that patients with diagnoses of psychoses didn’t receive adequate early infancy parental care and sufficient affective-sensorial/tactile interactions. Introducing parental care/cutaneous interactions seemed relevant in the analytic treatment of psychoses, as the pioneers of the psychoanalytic approach to psychosis suggested. From this theoretical basis we developed amniotic therapy, which reproduces the affective-tactile interactions of early infancy, insufficient in cases of psychosis, and aims at integrating the processes of differentiation and identification. We present a single case study of an experimental intervention plan including amniotic therapy. Results showed increases in interoception and global functioning, with significant decreases in positive symptoms suggesting that amniotic therapy contributes to increasing the protective strength of self-boundaries and integration of identification/differentiation processes.