From >to Have< to >to Be<: Research on Fromm’s Humanistic Communication Thoughts [从>占有<到>存在<:论弗洛姆的人本主义交往观]

  • 埃里希·弗洛姆作为法兰克福学派第一代学者的重要一员,长期以来未得到传播思想史研究应有的重视。对弗洛姆的思想史定位及其交往观念本身展开研究,有填补传播思想史之>灰色地带<的意义。从弗洛姆的思想史坐标出发,对过往关于弗洛姆传播思想的研究成果进行了回应,指出过往研究的局限性在于缺乏思想史研究的问题意识或欠缺对弗洛姆交往观念的审视,由此尝试立足于弗洛姆思想的理论源头,对其交往观念的一般特征展开分析。弗洛姆思想不同于多数法兰克福学派第一代学者的突出特点在于其同时吸收了马克思主义、弗洛伊德主义和西方人本主义传统的思想资源,从而使其思想面貌呈现出兼具批判精神与理想化色彩的>两歧性<特点。基于此,从弗洛姆所使用的>重占有<与>重存在<这对矛盾范畴入手,对弗洛姆的交往观念进行考察。在弗洛姆那里,>重占有<与>重存在<分别象征着>一个以物为中心的社会<和>一个以人为中心的社会<;而对前一种社会形态的批判和对后一种社会形态的构想,构成了弗洛姆交往观念的核心内容。在此基础上,弗洛姆交往观念的表现形式体现在其对>市场性格>和<权威主义>的<占有>式交往的否定和批判,以及其对<积极自由>和<爱与理性>的<存在>式交往的肯定和构想中。换句话说,弗洛姆反对晚期资本主义社会以市场秩序和权威伦理统摄人们的交往活动,而呼吁人们摆脱这些被强加的、外在的社会限制,与他人建立健全的、非异化的社会关系,在交往活动中时刻保持独立、自由和批判的理性。因此,弗洛姆交往观念的现实意义一方面体现在其对现代人健全交往活动的启发,对民主的社会主义社会的呼唤;另一方面也启迪着传播思想史研究者认识和体察>交往<的社会性含义,亦即>交往<在不同社会形态中表现形式的差异。
  • As an important member of the first generation of Frankfurt School scholars, Erich Fromm has long been underappreciated in the study of the history of communication thought. A study of Fromm's position in the history of thought and his conception of communication itself has the significance of filling in the >grey areas< in the history of communication thought. It is pointed out that the limitations of this research lie in the lack of awareness of the problems of the history of ideas or the lack of examination of Fromm's conception of interaction, and thus an attempt is made to analyze the general features of Fromm's conception of interaction based on the theoretical origins of his thought. What distinguishes Fromm's thought from most of the first generation of Frankfurt scholars is that it has absorbed the intellectual resources of Marxism, Freudianism and the Western humanist tradition at the same time, thus making his thought appear >bifurcated< in a critical and idealistic spirit. Based on this, we examine Fromm's concept of interaction by looking at the contradictory categories of >repossession< and >re-being< used by Fromm. In Fromm's view, >repossession< and >re-existence< symbolize respectively >a thing-centred society< and >a human-centred society<; and the critique of the former and the conception of the latter form of society form the core of Fromm's conception of interaction. On this basis, the expression of Fromm's concept of interaction is reflected in his negation and criticism of >market character< and >authoritarian< >possession< interaction, as well as his affirmation and conception of >positive freedom< and >love and reason< >existence< interaction. In other words, Fromm rejects the market order and the ethics of authority that governed people's interaction in late capitalist society, and instead calls for people to break free from these imposed, external social restrictions, to establish sound, non-alienated social relationships with others, and to maintain independence, freedom and critical rationality at all times in their interaction. Thus, the relevance of Fromm's concept of interaction is, on the one hand, an inspiration to modern man for healthy interaction and a call for a democratic socialist society, and, on the other hand, an inspiration for researchers in the history of communication thought to understand and appreciate the social meaning of >interaction<, that is, the differences in the expression of >interaction< in different social forms. [Automatic translation]

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Metadaten
Author:Xudong Guo
Parent Title (Chinese):Journalism & Communication Review [新闻与传播评论], No. 1 (2021), pp. 35-46.
Document Type:Articles
Language:Chinese
Year of first Publication:2021
Release Date:2022/05/04
Format:no download and copy possible
IdNo:Guo_Xudong_2021
Writings about Erich Fromm (Secondary Literature):Articles / Artikel
Erich Fromm's Library and Erich Fromm Archive:Articles / Artikel
Licence (German):
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