The Path of Interpretation of Human Nature Theory: Marx's Perspective and Its Significance – From the Defects of Western Marxist Theory of Human Nature [人性论的解读路径:马克思的视角及其意义——从西方马克思主义人性论的方法论缺陷谈起]

  • 弗洛姆、布洛赫、马斯洛等西方马克思主义学家在建构其人学理论时,只是把人性当作一个客观的事实来看待,在方法论上拘泥于非历史性的伦理学或心理学方法,无法进入马克思的历史唯物主义方法论视域,因而是一种抽象的人性论,这也导致他们不能准确地把握人性论的实质。阿尔都塞虽然指出了仅仅从人道主义视角来理解马克思的错误所在,但由于他形而上学地放大了方法论的作用而忽视了马克思重要的思想特质。1844年写作《穆勒评注》时期的青年马克思,由于撇开了对社会历史生产过程的深入分析而直接进入到对人性、人道主义和异化的批判性研究,因而还不具备历史地分析人性的思想基础;在《神圣家族》中,马克思之前所持有的异化式的人道主义逐渐为现实的人道主义所代替;1845年之后,马克思对费尔巴哈和蒲鲁东的抽象人性论进行了集中批判;在《1857—1858年经济学手稿》中,马克思从资本主义生产过程的发展性间接地阐释了认识人性的科学路径问题。
  • Fromm, Bloch, Maslow and other Western Marxist scholars only considered human nature as an objective fact when constructing their human theory, and were methodologically confined to non-historical ethics or psychology The study method cannot enter the visual field of Marx's historical materialism methodology, so it is an abstract theory of human nature, which also causes them to be unable to accurately grasp the essence of human nature theory. Although Althusser pointed out that it is wrong to understand Marx only from a humanistic perspective, he ignored the important ideo-logical characteristics of Marx because he metaphysically enlarged the role of methodology. The young Marx during the writing of the >Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844<, because of aside the in-depth analysis of the social historical production process, he directly entered the critical research on human nature, humanism and alienation, so he did not yet have the idea of historical analysis of human nature The foundation; in >The Holy Family< the alienated humanism that Marx held before was gradually replaced by realistic humanism; after 1845, Marx criticized Feuerbach and Proudhon’s abstract theory of human nature; In >Economic Manuscripts from 1857 to 1858< Marx indirectly explained the scientific path of understanding human nature from the development of the capitalist production process [Automatic translation]

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Metadaten
Author:Guangli Cheng
Parent Title (Chinese):Theoretical Investigation [理论探讨], No. 2 (2016), pp. 60-64.
Document Type:Articles
Language:Chinese
Year of first Publication:2016
Release Date:2016/09/29
Format:no download and copy possible
IdNo:Cheng_Guangli_2015
Writings about Erich Fromm (Secondary Literature):Articles / Artikel
Erich Fromm's Library and Erich Fromm Archive:Articles / Artikel
Licence (German):
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