>Positive Freedom and >Negative Freedom< — Fromm’s View of Freedom and His Response to Berlin’s Critique [>积极自由<与>消极自由<——弗洛姆自由思想及其对伯林的回应

  • 弗洛姆对>积极自由<与>消极自由<的区分,具有着重要的伦理与政治意义。其自由概念的实质是通过人的本质力量的发展来反对外在权威,提倡通过人自身发展与社会条件的改善实现真正的自由,孜孜以求人的自由发展。伯林的自由概念的实质则是阻止权威的入侵,摆脱任何形式的束缚,体现对最低限度的个人自由不可侵犯的神圣信仰。伯林在《自由论》中对弗洛姆的>积极自由<进行了批判,他认为>积极自由<最终会走向自由的反面,导致人自由的丧失,而只有>消极自由<才能确保人的自由和权利。弗洛姆从人的发展与潜能实现的角度认为,>积极自由<在逻辑上已包含了>消极自由<,>消极自由>是实现>积极自由<的必要条件,但只有>积极自由<才能保障人之自由的全面实现。这是弗洛姆对伯林等西方自由主义的最好回应。弗洛姆的>积极自由<更符合人的本性,更能代表人类发展的趋势和要求。
  • Fromm's distinction between >positive freedom< and >negative freedom< is of great ethical and political significance. The essence of his concept of freedom is to oppose external authority through the development of man's essential powers, to advocate true freedom through man's own development and the improvement of social conditions, and to strive for the free development of man. The essence of Isaiah Berlin’s concept of freedom is to prevent the invasion of authority, to free oneself from any form of bondage, and to embody the sacred belief in the inviolability of a minimum of individual freedom. In his >Theory of Liberty<, Berlin criticizes Fromm's >positive freedom<, which he argues is ultimately the opposite of liberty, leading to the loss of human freedom, while only 'negative liberty' can ensure human freedom and rights. From the perspective of human development and potential realization, Fromm argues that 'positive freedom' logically encompasses >negative freedom< and that >negative freedom< is a necessary condition for the realization of >positive freedom<, but that only >positive freedom< can guarantee the full realization of human freedom. This is Fromm's best response to Western liberalism, such as Berlin's. Fromm's >positive freedom< is more in line with human nature and better represents the trend and requirements of human development. [Automatic translation]

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Metadaten
Author:Duo Zhang
Parent Title (Chinese):Journal of Central South University (Social Science) [中南大学学报(社会科学版)], No. 3 (2014), p. 58-62.
Document Type:Articles
Language:Chinese
Year of first Publication:2014
Release Date:2015/12/14
Format:no copy existent / keine Kopie vorhanden
IdNo:Zhang_Duo_2014
Writings about Erich Fromm (Secondary Literature):Articles / Artikel
Erich Fromm's Library and Erich Fromm Archive:Articles / Artikel
Licence (German):
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