An Inquiry into Fromm's Human Thought [弗洛姆人学思想探析], Master thesis, Marxist Philosophy, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China 2012.

  • 在提倡>以人为本<的今天,人学理论得到了越来越多人的关注。弗洛姆作为人道主义精神分析学派的创始人,二十世纪最有影响力的学者之一,在国内外享有盛誉。其有关人及人性等人学的思想理论更是因其独特的研究视角和魅力,在人学理论界长盛不衰。本文主要围绕弗洛姆人学思想的来源、弗洛姆人学思想的内容以及弗洛姆思想在理论和现实方面的研究意义三个方面进行论述,力求从总体上将弗洛姆的人学思想呈现出来,以期达到人们对弗洛姆人学理论更全面、更深层次的理解,辩证分析其思想的理论价值和不足之处,进而带给人们更有启示性的思考。第一部分:主要论述了弗洛姆人学思想的理论来源。弗洛姆思想是建立在对马克思和弗洛伊德思想批判和继承的基础之上的。因此,在时代的影响下,弗洛姆一方面吸取了弗洛伊德的思想,另一方面又深受马克思主义思想的吸引。他试图将弗洛伊德的心理分析学说与马克思的社会批判理论进行结合,而弗洛伊德理论与马克思理论在思想基础和研究方法上的共同性使得弗洛姆将二者思想进行综合成为了可能。第二部分:主要论述了弗洛姆人学思想的主要内容。作为一位社会哲学家,人一直是弗洛姆关注和研究的中心问题,也是其人学思想赖以建立的重要前提。弗洛姆以独特的视角对人以及人性进行了深入剖析,并提出了他的多层次的总体人性论思想;西方资本主义社会普遍的精神危机和社会危机暴露了资本主义社会的内部矛盾。弗洛姆以犀利的眼光对资本主义社会进行审视,揭露了资本主义社会痼疾的根源在于异化。为寻求西方社会的出路,弗洛姆提出了全面消除人的异化,实现人的全面发展的人道主义社会的构想;弗洛姆关注人的心灵活动在社会生产和生活中的重要作用,对人的心理活动作了深入探索,将弗洛伊德的个体心理分析理论与马克思的社会批判理论相结合,提出了新的社会心理学的范畴:社会性格、社会无意识、社会自恋等,并将其运用到对资本主义社会现实的分析中,是心理学上的重要创见。第三部分:主要论述了弗洛姆人学思想的意义。弗洛姆注意从生理、心理、历史等多角度对人性进行分析,建立了他的多层次的总体人性论思想。但他未真正从社会生产方式、社会关系的角度对人性进行深入剖析,未能摆脱抽象人性论的束缚;弗洛姆以人性论为基础,揭示了资本主义社会的异化根源,并提出了建立人道主义社会的构想。但由于对阶级性的忽视,对宏观革命的忽视,这种构想只能是一种人道主义的乌托邦;弗洛姆注重心理因素在社会生产中的作用,但由于对马克思主义实践观的缺失,仅从社会心理层面对人性及人的生存方式进行分析,从某种程度来讲是片面的、不科学的。
  • In the >people-oriented< today, human theory has got more and more attention. Fromm as the founder of the school of the humanitarian spirit analysis in twentieth Century and one of the most influential scholars, renowned at home and abroad. His theory about human and human nature are longevity in theory circles because of his unique research perspective and charm. This article mainly revolves around the sources of the theory of Fromm's human thought, the academic performance of the theory of Fromm's human thought and the significance in theory and practice of the theory of Fromm's human thought to carry on the elaboration and strive to show the theory of Fromm's human thought overall. It can make people achieve a understanding of more comprehensive and deeper to the theory of Fromm's human thought and so as to bring people more enlightening reflections. - The first part mainly discusses the origin of Fromm's human thought of theory. Fromm's thought is based on the criticizing and inheriting to Marx's and Freud's thought. Therefore, under the influence of the times, on the one hand, Fromm critically inherited Freud's thought, On the other hand, he was deeply attracted by Marx's thought. He tried to combine Freud's psychoanalytic theory with Marx's theory of social criticism, and the common of the ideological basis and the study method of the Freud's theory and Marx's theory led Fromm to integrate the two ideas is possible.– The second part mainly discusses the main content of Fromm's theory. Fromm as a social philosopher, human has not only been the center issue of his focus and study, but also the important premise of his human theory upon which to build. Fromm carried on a thorough analysis on the human and the nature with an unique perspective, and put forward his theory of overall human nature of multiple levels; the universal spiritual crisis and social crisis of the western capitalist society have exposed the internal contradiction of capitalist society. Fromm with a sharp eye surveyed the capitalist social, uncovered the root of the capitalist social ills is alienation. In order to seek the Outlet for Western society, Fromm put forward the humanitarian society conception of total elimination to alienation, and all-round development of human; Fromm pay close attention to people's spiritual activities in social production and life, and made thorough exploration to the important role of people's psychological activity, to make Freud's individual psychological analysis theory and Marx 'social criticism theory combined, and put forward the new social psychological category, social character, social unconsciousness, social narcissism, and it is an important creative psychology to apply it to the analysis to the reality of capitalist society.– The third part mainly discusses the significance of Fromm's human thought. Fromm noted from physiological, psychological, historical and many other aspects to analysis the human nature, and established his overall theory of human nature of multiple levels. But he is not really from the perspective of social mode of production, social relations to take a deep analysis on human nature, and could not get rid of the shackles of human nature of abstract theory; Fromm reveals the origin of alienation in capitalist society based on the theory of human nature, and put forward the conception of building humanitarian society. But due to the neglect to the class and the macroscopically revolution, this kind of conception is only a humanitarian Utopia; Fromm focus on psychological factors' role in social production, but due to the lack of the Marxist doctrine view of practice, and only from social psychological layer to analysis the nature of human and the survival way is one-sided and unscientific from a certain extent.

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Metadaten
Author:Yanmei Tian
Document Type:Dissertations
Language:Chinese
Year of first Publication:2012
Release Date:2015/12/14
Format:no copy existent / keine Kopie vorhanden
IdNo:Tian_Yanmei_2012
Writings about Erich Fromm (Secondary Literature):Dissertations / Dissertationen
Erich Fromm's Library and Erich Fromm Archive:Dissertations / Dissertationen
Licence (German):
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